双钝体涡街流量计的研究

通过仿真和用 5 0mm直径卡曼涡街流量计进行实验验证 ,得出 :双钝体组合能够增强流体振动 ,并且在钝体的轴对称点上存在相位相差 180°的流体振动点。采用双钝体组合结构和差动传感技术 ,能够研制出抗干扰性能良好和高灵敏度的新型涡街流量计。     

双钝体涡

涡街流量计测量应用广泛,但小流量信噪比低、抗干扰性能差.本论文提出以双钝体组合强化流体振动,从而降低涡街流量计的计量下限,提高其抗干扰性能.通过实验研究获得了优化的双钝体组合,表明双钝体组合能达到强化流体振动和提高流量计信噪比的目的.     

双钝体涡街流量计流体振动特性研究

涡街流量计测量应用广泛,但小流量信噪比低、抗干扰性能差。本论文提出双钝体组合强化流体振动,从而降低涡街流量计的计量下限,提高其抗干扰性能。通过实验研究获得了优化的双钝体组合,表明双钝体组合能达到强化流体振动和提高流量计信噪比的目的。     

小口径旋进旋涡流量计的结构优化

根据已有的DN25旋进旋涡流量计的结构参数,设计了DN20小型旋进旋涡流量计,而后借助ANSYS Fluent流体仿真对DN20小型旋进旋涡流量计进行了结构与流场关系的研究。通过正交试验,获得了DN20小型流量计不同结构的内部流场及其信息,分析了流量计工作范围内旋涡规律和流量之间的关系;进一步更换不同测量横截面,查看压力场及其变化规律,与原结构方案的测量截面进行比较,选定最优测量截面与测量点,为DN20流量计产品研发提供了理论依据。     

基于FFT相位判别的旋进旋涡流量计抗流体脉动干扰方法

提出了利用 FFT相位判别来消除流场脉动干扰对旋进旋涡流量计测量影响的方法。研究了流体脉动对旋进旋涡流量计旋进旋涡效应特性的影响。在流量计实验装置上对 5 0 m m口径旋进旋涡流量计进行了实验研究。实验表明 :流体脉动干扰压力与旋进旋涡效应的脉动压力间存在线性迭加关系以及流场脉动干扰使旋进旋涡流量计传感器输出产生主频移动现象。数值实验表明了本方法的有效性。     

旋进旋涡流量计用于液化石油气计量

吐哈油田下属轻烃储装站一直用罗茨流量计计量液化石油气装车量。但由于常出现振动大、计数器不计数、机械密封联轴器泄漏等故障,造成装车误差较大。后用旋进旋涡流量计取代罗茨流量计,取得了满意的效果。 1．旋进旋涡流量计工作原理 旋进旋涡流量计结构见图1。流体沿轴向进入流量计进口时,旋叶强迫其旋转,在旋涡发生器中心产生旋涡流,并在文丘利管中旋进至收缩段,突然节流使旋涡流加速。当旋涡流进入扩散段后,因回流作用,强迫进行旋进式二次旋转。在宽量程范围内,旋涡的频率与流量成正比并为线性。由压电传感器检测到该频率信号,经前置放大…     

涡激振动式微型流体俘能器的研究现状与展望

随着微纳器件应用领域的日益拓展,微能源技术受到国内外研究人员的高度关注和重视,其中利用涡激振动进行流体能量收集是主要的研究热点。本文首先介绍了基于涡激振动的流体能量收集原理,归纳了涡激振动式微流体俘能器的典型结构、原理、特性和应用情况。其次,总结了国内外基于尾涡致动和钝体致振这两种主要涡激振动流体俘能技术的发展概况与研究进展,并简述了涡激振动压电式俘能器流固耦合数学模型的研究现状。最后,指出涡激振动能量收集尚缺乏统一的数学模型以及现有的俘能器存在结构可靠性低、稳定性较差等问题。在此基础上,分析了利用涡激振动实现流体能量收集接下来的发展趋势,以期推动涡激振动式微流体俘能器的进一步发展与应用。     

差压式涡街质量流量计取压位置的研究

在涡街流量计中，流体通过涡街发生体后会产生压力损失及由旋涡引起的压力波动，根据这一特点，本文提出利用差压检测技术，通过单路差压传感器同时感受由涡街发生体引起的流体双重变化特性，测量流体质量流量的新方法。本文重点对差压检测取压位置进行研究，利用空气和水两种流体介质进行了一系列实验，得到不同取压位置的差压信号与流量关系，确定了能正确测量质量流量的差压取压位置。结果表明，该测量方法结构简单，是测量质量流量的有效方法。     

一种基于频率的光纤光栅小型流量计研究

提出了一种基于频率的光纤光栅小型流量计用于流体流量测量的设计方案。该流量计基于卡门涡街原理,利用发生体后产生脉动流体,通过测得其振动频率来测流体流量。通过对涡街流场二维仿真和三维仿真建模进行了理论分析并确定了Bragg光纤光栅粘贴的位置,实验表明,该流量计具有良好的可行性。     

影响科氏质量流量计振动管磨损的若干因素研究

黏性流体和被测流体中的固相颗粒对科里奥利质量流量计(以下简称科氏质量流量计)振动管内壁均存在磨损作用,振动管的磨损状态对流量计离线标定、故障诊断和基于振动的流体黏度的测量存在一定的影响.基于固相颗粒对管道的磨损机理,讨论了影响固相颗粒对流量计振动管磨损的几种因素.提出了减小振动管磨损速度和延长流量计使用寿命的措施建议.     

Response of a dual triangulate bluff body vortex flowmeter to oscillatory flow

In this paper, on an experimental facility, the measurement characteristics of a diameter 50 mm dual triangulate bluff body vortex flowmeter in steady flow and oscillatory flow were investigated. Then, the Hilbert Huang Transformation (HHT) method was used to assess the anti-interference performances and the vortex street stability in oscillatory flow for the dual triangulate bluff body vortex flowmeter and a single bluff body vortex flowmeter. Offline simulation was carried out on the anti-interference performances of the dual triangulate bluff body vortex flowmeter signal noise in oscillatory flow by the method of the EMD-scales filter. The major findings are: (a) in most case, the EMD-scales filter may be as good at de-noising effect for the dual bluff body vortex flowmeter in oscillatory flow than that for the single bluff body vortex flowmeter in oscillatory flow. The vortex street stability in oscillatory flow for the dual bluff body is similar to that for the single bluff body. (b) In some special case, the EMD-scales filter is unable to play a better de-nosing role for the dual bluff body vortex flowmeter in oscillatory flow. The invalid condition of the EMD-scales filter for the dual bluff body vortex flowmeter in oscillatory flow is different to that of the single bluff body vortex flowmeter and it was advanced in this paper. (C) The vortex street stability for the dual bluff body vortex flowmeter is better than that for the single bluff body vortex flowmeter.     

Experimental verification and numerical simulation of a vortex flowmeter at low Reynolds numbers

This study presents experimental verification and numerical simulations of a vortex flow meter in the Reynolds number range between 8300 and 50,000. A custom-designed bluff body with a wedge back shape was used in the flowmeter. A shedding frequency of the flowmeter was measured in an air duct using a hot-film probe. To evaluate the accuracy of the flowmeter, a measurement uncertainty analysis was performed. Numerical simulations of the vortex flowmeter were performed with the open source code OpenFOAM. Transient simulations of periodic vortex shedding behind the bluff body were performed using different simulation methods depending on the pipe Reynolds number, such as Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS), Large Eddy Simulation (LES) and Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) method. The simulated vortex shedding frequencies matched the experimental data very well. Experiments and simulations demonstrated a clear linear dependence of the shedding frequency on the volumetric flow rate over the entire range of Reynolds numbers. In addition, numerical simulations were used to study the main mechanisms of vortex formation and shedding behind the considered bluff body.     

低雷诺数下涡街流量计线性度的试验

在DN25水流量标准装置上对装有梯形漩涡发生体的涡街流量计在低雷诺数下进行试验研究,利用数字信号处理方法(频谱分析方法)得到涡街脱落频率,较传统模拟信号处理方法在保证较好线性度的基础上,有效地扩展了测量下限。绘制雷诺数—仪表系数曲线,发现梯形发生体在低雷诺数下仪表系数K呈递减趋势,当Re>2 000时K趋于常数,这与圆柱发生体在低雷诺数时曲线递增的趋势截然相反。通过分析得知,管道内流速分布的影响、发生体形状的影响和流速与频率关系的影响是导致上述变化趋势的3个主要影响因素。     

Influence of blockage and shape of a bluff body on the performance of vortex flowmeter with wall pressure measurement

Experimental and numerical investigations are carried out with various bluff body shapes to identify an appropriate shape which can be used for vortex flowmeter application. In both the cases vortex shedding frequency is inferred from the fluctuation of wall pressure. The numerical simulations are carried out with cylindrical and triangular bluff bodies to understand the vortex shedding phenomenon and to identify an appropriate turbulence model for this class of flows with wall pressure measurement. The simulations reveal that the k-ε RNG model predicts the Strouhal number closer to the experimental results than other models. The experimental investigations are carried out with several bluff body shapes, such as triangular, trapezoidal, conical, cylindrical and ring shapes, with water as the working medium. In this context, the effects of sampling rate, tap location and blockage effects are explored. The results suggest that the axisymmetric tapping is better than differential pressure tapping in terms of signal amplitude. The non-dimensional location of the static pressure tap is found to be 0.714 times diameter of pipe times blockage. The trapezoidal bluff body is found to be the best among all the bluff bodies investigated in terms of signal amplitude and constancy of Strouhal number. The vortex flowmeter performance is also measured under disturbed flow conditions created by using gate valve and bends. These results are significant because they provide an optimum bluff body shape and blockage, and also present the performance of vortex flow meter under disturbed flow conditions which is rather seldom reported in the literature.     

Design conditions for optimal dual bluff body vortex flowmeters

Examination of the performance of a large number of dual bluff body combinations leads to the conclusion that optimum repeatability of vortex shedding may be obtained with combinations satisfying certain basic conditions. One possible condition is the coincidence of the positions of maximum vortex strength for the individual bluff bodies which make up the combination. The aim of this paper is to describe the results of a test of the above principle using rectangular bluff bodies. The first stage is to find the mathematical relationship between the position of maximum strength and the depth of a single rectangular bluff body. The next stage is to use this relationship to find which combinations satisfy the above coincidence condition. These ‘optimal’ combinations were then tested against a number of ‘non-optimal’ combinations as controls. The overall conclusion is that the above condition is just one of five conditions underlying the design of optimum dual bluff body vortex flowmeters.     

A new approach to detection of vortices using ultrasound

The measurement principle of vortex flowmeter is based on von Karman vortex shedding phenomenon. Frequency of vortices, behind the bluff body, is proportional to the mean flow velocity. There are different ways of detection of vortices, and different sensors are used (presser sensors, capacitive sensors, thermo-resistance sensors, ultrasonic sensors, etc.). Proposed method to vortex identification, presented in this paper is based on simultaneous detection of pair of vortices with opposite circulation, by means of two pairs of ultrasonic transducers. A beam of ultrasound, from ultrasonic transmitter to ultrasonic receiver is transmitted perpendicularly to the vortex street. The received ultrasonic signal is amplitude and phase modulated. Frequency of demodulated signal is equal to the frequency of vortices. This technique allows a number of advantages comparing to conventional solutions: reduction, or elimination of noises caused by installation vibration and disturbances in the flow, higher sensor sensitivity, which as a result leads to a possibility of a reduction of the bluff body size, i.e. reduction of the pressure drop on the flow meter, increase of the measurement range in the low flow region, the possibility of redundant operation of the flow meter, reduced measurement uncertainty, instrument technology improvements, improved reliability of the instrument, assured improved statement of complete uncertainty contributions, improved metrology of the equipment as such and calibration procedures that contribute to measuring capabilities etc. For experimental testing a prototype vortex flowmeter of a nominal inner diameter (ID) 50 mm is developed. A cylindrical bluff body for vortex shedding is used. Ultrasonic transducers based on piezo-crystal PZT-5A, inserted in the wall of the vortex meter casing are utilized. The testing of prototype ultrasonic vortex flowmeter is realized on the calibration station on the water. The results at the testing point to the possibility of measuring flow of liquid fluids at velocities less than 0.5 m/s, with an uncertainty better than ±1%.     

Influence of blockage and upstream disturbances on the performance of a vortex flowmeter with a trapezoidal bluff body

Experimental investigations are conducted on vortex flowmeter with the differential wall pressure measurement method. The bluff body employed is trapezoidal in shape and water is used as the working fluid. Three different blockages (0.14, 0.24 and 0.3) are considered in this study. The performance of the vortex flowmeter is studied both under fully developed condition and in the presence of flow disturbances. The flow disturbance is created using 45° swirl generator and gate valve placed at different upstream distances. The performance of the flowmeter is also evaluated in the presence of a Laws Vanes flow conditioner placed downstream of the swirl generator. The blockage ratio of 0.3 is found to be the best among all the blockages studied under both disturbed and undisturbed conditions.     

The mapping of vortex fields around single and dual bluff bodies

The development and use of a system to measure important parameters of the vortex field in a coordinate grid around several single bluff bodies and dual bluff body combinations are described. Two hot wire sensors were used: a reference sensor at a fixed position and a moving sensor with position coordinates adjusted by using computer control. The strength, frequency and regularity of the vortex shedding are found from the auto-power spectral density of the moving sensor signal. The phase difference between moving and reference sensor signals is found from the cross-power spectral density function between the signals. The results are presented as maps of vortex parameters plotted as a function of sensor position coordinates. The main features of these maps, including the enhancement of vortex shedding from certain dual bluff body combinations, is then discussed.