低温恒电流氮化提高316L不锈钢导电及耐腐蚀性能

目的 解决恒电位电化学氮化时高的过电位引起的析氢反应对316LSS综合性能的恶化,提出采用恒电流技术对其进行电化学氮化改性,并确定最佳的试验参数.方法 借助于循环伏安、计时电位,交流阻抗和动电位极化等电化学方法,扫描电镜及X射线光电子能谱分析,研究还原电流密度对316LSS表面形貌、耐腐蚀性能、疏水性能和接触电阻等的影...     

电化学蚀刻-掺杂316L不锈钢制备PEMFC双极板

目的 研究在0.5 mol/L KNO3和0.1 mol/L HNO3混合溶液中,电极电位对316L不锈钢(316LSS)表层微观形貌、化学组成、耐腐蚀性能和界面接触电阻的影响,以解决316LSS双极板在质子交换膜燃料电池中服役时腐蚀和表面接触电阻较大的问题.方法 借助于电化学交流阻抗、循环伏安、计时电流和动电位极化测试,对316LSS表面发生的电化学反应及改性后性能进行研究.利用电化学工作站、扫描电镜及X射线光电子能谱分析仪,对316LSS的耐腐蚀性能、微观形貌及化合价进行表征,并测量界面接触电阻和反应后溶液中铁铬金属离子浓度进行测量.结果 在0.5 mol/L KNO3+0.1 mol/L HNO3的混合溶液中,316LSS表面发生的反应为不可逆过程,当改性电位为–0.5 V(vs.SCE)时,交流阻抗低频区出现了代表物质吸附的感抗弧,电位负移到–0.6 V(vs.SCE)和–0.7 V(vs.SCE)时,表面发生点腐蚀和晶界腐蚀,膜层的完整性被破坏.最佳电位–0.5 V(vs.SCE)改性后316LSS表面出现凸起结构,表层元素分析发现关键合金元素铬主要以氧化铬和氮化铬形式存在,–0.5 V(vs.SCE)对应的氮化铬占比达54.8％.在140 N/cm2的压力下界面接触电阻与施加电位呈现抛物线关系,最小电阻值为8.7 m?·cm2(–0.5 V(vs.SCE)).改性后的316LSS耐腐蚀性能显著提升,最佳样品的腐蚀电流密度和腐蚀电位分别为0.065μA/cm2和136.738 mV,在模拟燃料电池中运行650 h时,腐蚀电流密度为3.4μA/cm2.结论 电化学改性316LSS的物理化学性能与施加电位大小密切相关.由于316LSS表层钝化膜在电化学反应过程中发生选择性溶解以及原位氮掺杂,促使钝化膜厚度减薄,掺杂氮元素稳定了膜层结构和提高了导电性能,消除了钝化膜对双极板性能的不利影响.最佳改性电位下316LSS表面发生选择性蚀刻形成致密的凸起状氮掺杂膜层,改善了316L不锈钢双极板综合性能.     

Surface stability and conductivity of a high Cr and Ni austenitic stainless steel plates for PEMFC

In order to use stainless steel as bipolar plate for PEMFC, electrochemical behavior of a high Cr and Ni austenitic stainless steel was studied in the solutions containing different concentration of H2SO4 and 2 mg·L-1 F-, and interfacial contact resistance was measured after corrosion tests. The experimental results show that the passive current density lowers with decreasing the concentration of H2SO4. The interfacial contact resistance between carbon paper and passive film formed in the simulated PEMFC environment is higher than the goal of bipolar plate for PEMFC. Surface conductivity should be further reduced by surface modification.     

异步轧制对表面纳米化316L不锈钢组织和性能的影响

采用表面机械研磨处理(SMAT)在316L不锈钢上制备出纳米结构表层,然后在室温对其进行80％形变量的异步轧制(CSR),研究了CSR处理后表层组织和性能的变化．结果表明：经过60min SMAT后,样品表面形成了一定厚度的纳米晶层,晶粒尺寸为10—30nm．对其进行80％形变量的CSR后,表层组织仍为纳米晶组织,但纳米晶尺寸更加均匀、细小(为5—15nm),表面粗糙度显著下降;纳米表层硬度略有提高,但基体硬度显著提高;在0．05mol／L H2SO4 0.25mol／L Na2SO4腐蚀介质中的耐腐蚀性能比SMAT后的样品有明显改善,但均低于原基材．     

316L不锈钢等离子熔覆Ni基合金涂层的组织与性能

利用等离子熔覆工艺在316L不锈钢基体上熔覆Ni基合金粉末制备耐磨耐蚀涂层,借助于金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪分析了涂层的组织,利用显微硬度计测试了涂层的显微硬度,采用线性极化法研究了涂层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能.结果表明,Ni基合金涂层组织主要为固溶大量Cr和Si元素的枝晶γ-(Ni,Fe)及Cr23...     

不同工艺下马氏体不锈钢组织演变及其对表面光洁度和耐蚀性的影响

通过金相、SEM和TEM观察,表面粗糙度测试和电化学实验方法,对经过不同温度淬火和回火的国产Cr13型马氏体不锈钢的微观组织演变及其对材料硬度,表面光洁度和耐蚀性能的影响进行了分析研究.结果表明,马氏体是基体中的主要相,当回火温度为650℃时,铁素体变成基体中的主要相,随着回火温度的提高,不锈钢基体组织发生了由回火马氏体到回火索氏体的演变.回火后,材料的硬度降低,当回火温度达到650℃,材料硬度降至22 HRC,其表面光洁度大幅度降低.同时,回火材料的耐点蚀性能低于淬火态材料,且随着回火温度的提高,马氏体不锈钢的点蚀电位降低,并在500℃时达到最差.     

质子交换膜燃料电池用6061铝合金极板表面类石墨碳涂层的导电耐蚀性能

为了获得6061铝合金极板表面类石墨碳涂层抗质子酸腐蚀的临界厚度和界面接触电阻的降低量值,采用磁控溅射方法在6061铝合金极板表面制备了一系列类石墨碳涂层。表征了类石墨碳涂层的微观结构,分析了涂层的界面接触电阻、耐蚀性和稳定性。结果表明,6061铝合金极板表面耐质子交换膜燃料电池阴极环境腐蚀的类石墨涂层临界厚度为0.97 μm。与低碳靶电流条件下制备的涂层相比,碳靶电流4.5 A时制备的涂层表面更加光滑;此时,类石墨碳涂层的界面接触电阻最小,为16 mΩ·cm²,是石墨极板接触电阻的2倍。     

真空热处理对316L不锈钢镀Al层结构及性能的影响

对316L不锈钢的镀铝层进行了热处理,并利用XRD、SEM、EDS分别对膜层进行了相结构、表面形貌、化学成分等分析,并测试了膜基结合力、抗热震性能。结果表明,热处理后膜层分为三层,中间层为FeAl相,并呈现梯度特征;膜基结合力有较大提高,FeAl层、Al层间的厚度越接近,膜基结合力越大;抗热震性能有较大改善,由于FeAl具有较好的物理、力学性能,其结晶度越高,抗热震性能越好。     

质子交换膜燃料电池双极板化学镀Ni-Cu-P表面改性

针对不锈钢作为燃料电池双极板存在的接触电阻高等问题,通过化学镀Ni-Cu-P对其进行表面改性,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDS)分析、界面接触电阻测试和模拟燃料电池环境腐蚀性能试验等方法,研究了表面改性对不锈钢双极板性能的影响。结果表明,经过化学镀Ni-Cu-P处理的双极板接触电阻大为降低,并且在模拟质子交换膜电池腐蚀环境下耐腐蚀性能得到较大提高。     

Surface characteristics of structural steel processed using electro-plasma techniques

Electro-plasma cleaning and deposition (EPCAD) is a recently developed electrolytic process for cleaning mill scale and other impurities from newly manufactured steel. The process offers reduced costs, improved coating adhesion, and increased corrosion resistance as potential benefits. Test samples of A-36 mild steel were cleaned using the EPCAD process and an industrial wheelabrator unit. Surface profile measurements and scanning electron microscopy were performed on both sets of samples to investigate the respective surface morphologies. Cleaned samples were then coated with an inorganic ceramic-based zinc primer. Tensile adhesion tests were performed and showed comparable adhesion properties for the EPCAD-cleaned and shot-blasted samples. The favorable adhesion properties are attributed to the microroughness and unique surface morphology produced by the EPCAD process.     

热处理对高速激光熔覆不锈钢熔覆层组织性能的影响

通过高速激光熔覆技术在27SiMn钢表面制备了不锈钢熔覆层,并对熔覆层进行了热处理。对熔覆层热处理前后的组织形貌与结构进行表征,并对熔覆层的显微硬度、摩擦磨损性能、冲击性能以及耐蚀性进行试验与分析。研究表明,熔覆层主要存在BCC相组成的α-(Fe, Cr),M₇C₃、M₂₃C₆碳化物以及Cr₃Si强化相;经过热处理后,熔覆层晶粒得到显著细化且分布更加均匀。热处理后熔覆层的硬度较未热处理时提高不明显,但硬度分布更为平缓,平均硬度达到446 HV0.2;磨损率下降1.7×10^-5 mm³·(N·m)^-1,冲击性能提高28.6%,自腐蚀电流密度仅为热处理前的9.19%。     

Electrochemical polishing as a 316L stainless steel surface treatment method: Towards the improvement of biocompatibility

A 316L stainless steel (316L-SS) surface was electrochemically polished (EP) in an electrolyte of a new chemical composition at different cell voltages, with the aim of improving its corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results revealed that the EP-formed oxide films were characterized by a significantly higher atomic Cr/Fe ratio and film thickness, in comparison to the naturally-grown passive oxide film formed on the untreated (control) 316L-SS surface. As a result of the increase in the oxide film thickness and relative Cr enrichment, the EP-treated 316L-SS surfaces offered a notable improvement in general corrosion resistance and pitting potential. In addition, the attachment of endothelial cells (ECs) and smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to the 316L-SS surfaces revealed a positive effect of electropolishing on the preferential attachment of ECs, thus indicating that the EP surfaces could be endothelialized faster than the control (unmodified) 316L-SS surface. Furthermore, the EP surfaces showed a much lower degree of thrombogenicity in experiments with the platelet-rich plasma. Therefore, the use of the electrochemical polishing technique in treating a 316L-SS surface, under the conditions presented in this paper, indicates a significant improvement in the surface’s performance as an implant material.     

Electrochemical corrosion response of a low carbon heat treated steel in a NaCl solution

Dual‐phase (DP) steels are produced from a specific heat treatment procedure and have recently emerged as a potential class of engineering materials for a number of structural and automobile applications. Such steels have high strength‐to‐weight ratio and reasonable formability. The present study aims to investigate the effects of four different and conventional heat treatments (i.e., hot rolling, normalizing, annealing, and intercritical annealing) on the resulting microstructural patterns and on the electrochemical corrosion behavior. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Tafel plots were carried out on heat treated steel samples in a 0.5 M NaCl solution at 25 °C with neutral pH. An equivalent circuit analysis was also used to provide quantitative support for the discussions. The normalizing and the annealing heat treatments have provided the highest and the lowest corrosion resistances, respectively. The intercritical annealing and as‐received (hot rolled) low carbon steel samples have shown similar corrosion behavior. Although a deleterious effect on the corrosion resistance has been verified for DP steel due to the residual stress from the martensite formation, it combines good mechanical properties with intermediate electrochemical corrosion resistance.     

316L不锈钢强流脉冲电子束表面钛合金化及其耐蚀性

利用强流脉冲电子束对不锈钢表面进行了快速钛合金化。将精细钛粉预涂在基体表面后采用强流脉冲电子束对其进行后处理。在电子束对表面的快速加热熔化、混合及增强扩散效应的作用下,部分钛熔入基体表层形成一层富钛层。由于钛的添加有利于形成α相,合金层由α相和γ相混合组成。在模拟体液中的动态极化测试表明,316L医用不锈钢经强流脉冲电子束表面钛合金化后,其在模拟体液中的耐腐蚀性能获得了显著的提高。     

Electrochemical and XPS studies of AISI 316L stainless steel after electropolishing in a magnetic field

The thermodynamic stability and corrosion resistance of surface oxide layer are the most important features of stainless steels. Electrochemical polishing (EP) is the most extensively used surface technology for austenitic stainless steels. We have modified this surface technology by introducing a magnetic field to the system. With this new process called the magnetoelectropolishing (MEP) we can improve metal surface properties by making the stainless steel more resistant to halides encountered in a variety of environments.In this paper, the corrosion research results are presented on the behaviour of the most commonly used material - medical grade AISI 316L stainless steel. The corrosion investigations have been concerned on the open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and polarisation curves studies in the Ringer’s body fluid under room temperature (25 °C). The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed on 316L samples after three treatments: MP - abrasive polishing (800 grit size), EP - conventional electrolytic polishing, and MEP - magnetoelectropolishing. The comparison of the corrosion behaviour of the stainless steel’s surface after these processes was also carried out. The purpose of XPS studies was to reveal the surface film composition and the reason of this modified corrosion behaviour. It has been found that the proposed MEP process modifies considerably the composition of the surface film and improves the corrosion resistance of the same 316L SS studied.     

316L不锈钢在硫酸盐还原菌和铁氧化菌共同作用下的腐蚀行为

采用微生物分析、电化学测试、扫描电镜观察及表面能谱分析等方法,研究了316L不锈钢在硫酸盐还原菌（Sulfate—Reducing Bacteria,SRB）与铁氧化菌（Iron—Oxidizing Bacteria,IOB）共同作用的溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为,分析了炼油厂冷却水系统中微生物腐蚀的特征及机制。结果表明,不锈钢电极在SRB与IOB相结合的溶液中的自腐蚀电位、点蚀电位和再钝化电位均随浸泡时间的增加而负移,其滞后环增大;在SRB与IOB共同作用的溶液中的腐蚀速率大于在无菌溶液中;显微观察表明生物膜疏松多孔,生物膜内细菌的生长代谢活动促使不锈钢表面的钝化膜层腐蚀破坏程度增加,在SRB与IOB共同作用下316L不锈钢电极发生了严重的点蚀。     

焊接及热处理工艺对0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢耐蚀性的影响

通过草酸电解结合组织观察、动电位扫描法和交流阻抗测试研究了直流焊、脉冲焊和固溶处理、稳定化处理对0Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的抗晶间腐蚀性和耐点蚀性的影响.结果表明,脉冲焊比直流焊对晶间腐蚀的不利影响更大;固溶处理可以明显改善焊后材料的耐晶间腐蚀以及耐点蚀性,并增大钝化膜的稳定性.     

热处理对含钼2Cr13马氏体不锈钢组织与性能的影响

对在2Cr13马氏体不锈钢中添加Mo的钢进行不同温度热处理工艺试验,研究了热处理温度对含钼2Cr13不锈钢组织、硬度与耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,含钼2Cr13马氏体不锈钢在1080℃淬火后的硬度最高,当在400~550℃回火时,硬度值存在一个明显的上升区域,这是由于析出的合金碳化物弥散强化作用,使合金出现二次硬化现象。回火后含钼2Cr13不锈钢的耐蚀性能比2Cr13不锈钢明显提高,主要是由于含钼2Cr13不锈钢淬、回火后析出相M2X抑制了M23C6相的产生。     

时效处理SUS316L不锈钢中析出相的晶体结构和化学成分

研究了经1100℃固溶化处理和550℃,600℃及650℃,10000h时效处理后SUS316L不锈钢中的微观组织.利用透射电子显微镜对析出相的形状,大小,分布特征进行了观察.利用电子衍射技术对析出相的晶体结构进行了分析.利用分析电子显微镜能谱分析仪对析出相的化学成分进行了分析.结果表明：固溶后的SUS316L不锈钢经不同温度时效都有M23C6型碳化物的析出相存在.能谱分析显示M23C6析出相主要是由金属铬组成的碳化物.大部分M23C6碳化物分布在基体的晶界上,也有部分M23C6碳化物分布在基体的晶粒内部和晶体缺陷处.M23C6碳化物的大小和数量随着时效温度的升高而增加.