基于Petri网故障诊断及在工程机械中的应用

针对传统模糊Petri网在故障诊断应用中的不足之处,提出了一种新的故障诊断模糊Petri网模型（FD-FPN）,变迁激活概率元素的引入,使反向推理中冲突消解问题的解决更加合理。在此基础上,提出了基于变迁激活概率矩阵的反向推理算法,正向与反向推理方法的结合可以实现故障因果的相互验证,使故障诊断过程更加科学,结论更符合事实。最后,结合故障诊断实例的应用,证明了文中提出方法的合理性和有效性,且运算简单,便于计算机实现。     

An intelligent fault diagnosis method for rotating machinery based on data fusion and deep residual neural network

Applied Intelligence - Rotating machinery is a very important mechanical device widely used in critical industrial applications. Efficient fault detection and diagnosis are key challenges in the...     

A rotating machinery fault diagnosis method based on local mean decomposition

Local mean decomposition (LMD) is a novel self-adaptive time–frequency analysis method, which is particularly suitable for the processing of multi-component amplitude-modulated and frequency-modulated (AM–FM) signals. By using LMD, any complicated signal can be decomposed into a number of product functions (PFs), each of which is the product of an envelope signal and a purely frequency modulated signal from which physically meaningful instantaneous frequencies can be obtained. In fact, each PF is just a mono-component AM–FM signal. Therefore, the procedure of LMD may be regarded as the process of demodulation. While fault occurs in gear or roller bearing, the vibration signals picked up would exactly display AM–FM characteristics. So it is possible to diagnose gear and roller bearing fault by LMD. Targeting the modulation features of the gear or roller bearing fault vibration signal, a rotating machinery fault diagnosis method based on LMD is proposed. In this paper, firstly the LMD method is introduced; secondly, the LMD method is compared with another competing time–frequency analysis approach, namely, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method and the results show the superiority of the LMD method; finally, the LMD method is applied to the gear and roller bearing fault diagnosis. The analysis results from the practical gearbox vibration signal demonstrate that the diagnosis approach based on LMD could identify gear and roller bearing work condition accurately and effectively.     

基于GADF和PAM-Resnet的旋转机械小样本故障诊断方法

在旋转机械的实际工作中,由于故障样本有限,很难实现准确的故障诊断.对此,提出一种基于GADF和PAM-Resnet的小样本故障诊断方法.首先,构建一种数据增强策略,该策略将数目较少的一维信号样本转化为二维GADF 图,之后将GADF图裁剪成多个子图,从而得到大量的图像样本,解决样本数目不足的问题;然后,构建一种位置注意力模块(PAM),该模块使用横向卷积和纵向卷积分别对横向特征和纵向特征赋予权重,融合两种特征得到GADF图的位置信息;最后,将PAM插入残差块中构建PAM残差块,并使用多个PAM残差块构建PAM- Resnet,PAM-Resnet可以有效地关注位置信息,具有较强的故障特征学习能力.分别进行小样本环境下的齿轮箱故障诊断和滚动轴承故障诊断实验,结果表明所提出方法具有较高的故障诊断准确率,可以准确地诊断出小样本环境下的故障类型.     

A new rotating machinery fault diagnosis method based on improved local mean decomposition

A demodulation technique based on improved local mean decomposition (LMD) is investigated in this paper. LMD heavily depends on the local mean and envelope estimate functions in the sifting process. It is well known that the moving average (MA) approach exists in many problems (such as step size selection, inaccurate results and time-consuming). Aiming at the drawbacks of MA in the smoothing process, this paper proposes a new self-adaptive analysis algorithm called optimized LMD (OLMD). In OLMD method, an alternative approach called rational Hermite interpolation is proposed to calculate local mean and envelope estimate functions using the upper and lower envelopes of a signal. Meanwhile, a reasonable bandwidth criterion is introduced to select the optimum product function (OPF) from pre-OPFs derived from rational Hermite interpolation with different shape controlling parameters in each rank. Subsequently, the orthogonality criterion (OC) is taken as the product function (PF) iterative stopping condition. The effectiveness of OLMD method is validated by the numerical simulations and applications to gearbox and roller bearing fault diagnosis. Results demonstrate that OLMD method has better fault identification capacity, which is effective in rotating machinery fault diagnosis.     

Comparison of four direct classification methods for intelligent fault diagnosis of rotating machinery

Condition monitoring of rotating machinery is important to promptly detect early faults, identify potential problems, and prevent complete failure. Four direct classification methods were introduced to diagnose the regular condition, inner race defect, outer race defect, and rolling element defect of rolling bearings. These include the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm (KNN), Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN), Particle Swarm Optimization optimized Support Vector Machine (PSO-SVM) and a Rule-Based Method (RBM) based on the MLEM2 algorithm and a new Rule Reasoning Mechanism (RRM). All of them can be run on the Fault Decision Table (FDT) containing numerical variables and output fault categories directly. The diagnosis results were discussed in terms of accuracy, time consumption, intelligibility, and maintainability. Especially, the interactions of the systems and human experts were compared in detail. It was concluded that all the four methods can work satisfactorily on accuracy, in an order of the PSO-SVM ranking the first, followed by the RBM that functioned the friendliest. Moreover, the RBM had the ability of feature reduction by itself, and would be most suitable for real-time applications.     

基于多标签学习的旋转机械分级复合故障诊断

传统故障诊断方法大多是针对单一故障类型,然而在实际工业中多种故障会同时出现,即复合故障.针对复合故障诊断问题,一些学者引入多标签学习思想,多标签K近邻算法(ML-KNN)就是其中之一.然而ML-KNN算法作为一阶算法,只考虑标签与对应样本数据间的关系,却忽略了标签间的联系.针对该问题提出一种分级多标签学习算法,名为分层多标签K近邻算法(HML-KNN). HML-KNN算法将机械设备的退化阶段和故障类型分为两级,将第1级得到的标签信息进行转化,转化后的信息作为新特征放入第2级进行判断. HML-KNN算法是一种高阶算法,考虑了全局的标签信息,并在算法中包含了标签的特征转化,使得到的结果准确率更高.最后通过XJTU-SY数据集验证HML-KNN算法在处理复合故障诊断问题上的优越性.     

Generalized sparse filtering for rotating machinery fault diagnosis

The Journal of Supercomputing - This paper develops generalized sparse filtering (GSF) by applying general norm normalization to improve the feature learning ability. A rotating machinery fault...     

基于初始路径优化的蚁群算法及应用

为解决蚁群算法在初始阶段执行效率低、信息素随机分布、路径杂乱无章的缺点,提出将正交设计方法引入初始优化中.创建正交离散过程,形成正交优化的路径设置;优化初始化过程,形成初始解;以动态概率转移规则来构造路径;精练的选路策略等4项改进措施的初始路径优化模型.该模型提高了算法的执行效率,模拟算例成功应用于连续域问题的饲料配方设计方面,表明该算法有效且可行,开辟了一条饲料配方设计的新途径,同时对蚁群算法解决连续域问题提供可参考技的模型和求解方法.     

基于模糊集的蚁群空间聚类方法研究

定义了对象间的平均距离,并将平均距离作为对象相似性的论域。通过隶属函数将对象间的相似性映射为论域上的一个模糊子集。由给定的置信水平λ,将模糊集分离为普通集,对蚂蚁是否拾起还是放下对象作出决策,实现对空间数据的聚类。并以矿山实际测量数据为空间数据源,采用基本的蚁群聚类算法和模糊蚁群空间聚类算法分别对其进行聚类。通过对这两种算法的实验结果进行分析比较,证明改进后的算法提高了聚类效果。     

动态模糊聚类及其在变压器故障诊断中的应用

理论分析和实践表明,电力变压器绝缘故障与油中特征气体组分含量及特征气体组分比值密切相关。提出一种基于遗传算法的动态模糊聚类算法,有效融合特征气体组分含量及组分比值两类故障信息,完成对变压器故障的动态聚类分析。该算法采用实数编码方案,染色体长度可变,不同的长度对应于不同的故障类别数;并采用一种新的适合于变长染色体的交叉和变异算子。与特征气体法、三比值法进行对比实验,表明该算法具有较高的判定正确率。     

Intelligent fault diagnosis of rotating machinery using infrared thermal image

This study presents a new intelligent diagnosis system for classification of different machine conditions using data obtained from infrared thermography. In the first stage of this proposed system, two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform is used to decompose the thermal image. However, the data attained from this stage are ordinarily high dimensionality which leads to the reduction of performance. To surmount this problem, feature selection tool based on Mahalanobis distance and relief algorithm is employed in the second stage to select the salient features which can characterize the machine conditions for enhancing the classification accuracy. The data received from the second stage are subsequently utilized to intelligent diagnosis system in which support vector machines and linear discriminant analysis methods are used as classifiers. The results of the proposed system are able to assist in diagnosing of different machine conditions.     

融合动态层次聚类和邻域区间重组的蚁群算法

针对蚁群算法搜索速度过慢以及解质量不足等问题,提出一种融合动态层次聚类和邻域区间重组的蚁群算法。在初始阶段,调整层次聚类阈值并按照类间距离最小合并的原则迭代至目标簇集,根据预合并系数进行簇间合并,通过蚁群系统得到小类路径并断开重组以加快算法整体收敛速度;接着使用蚁群系统对解空间进行优化,同时并行处理簇集与簇集邻域区间扩散重组,增加解的多样性,进一步固定迭代次数进行比较,若邻域区间重组解质量优于当前优化解则进行推荐处理,提高解的精度;当算法停滞时,引入调整因子降低各路径信息素之间差异以增强蚂蚁搜索能力,有助于算法跳出局部最优。实验结果表明,在面对大规模问题时,算法的精度在3%左右,该方法相比传统方法可以有效提高解的精度和收敛速度。     

An intelligent fault diagnosis method based on wavelet packer analysis and hybrid support vector machines

In this paper, a new intelligent method for the fault diagnosis of the rotating machinery is proposed based on wavelet packet analysis (WPA) and hybrid support machine (hybrid SVM). In fault diagnosis for mechanical systems, information about stability and mutability can be further acquired through WPA from original signal. The faulty vibration signals obtained from a rotating machinery are decomposed by WPA via Dmeyer wavelet. A new multi-class fault diagnosis algorithm based on 1-v-r SVM approach is proposed and applied to rotating machinery. The extracted features are applied to hybrid SVM for estimating fault type. Compared to conventional back-propagation network (BPN), the superiority of the hybrid SVM method is shown in the success of fault diagnosis. The test results of hybrid SVM demonstrate that the applying of energy criterion to vibration signals after WPA is a very powerful and reliable method and hence estimating fault type on rotating machinery accurately and quickly.     

CNN parameter design based on fault signal analysis and its application in bearing fault diagnosis

As a representative deep learning network, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has been extensively used in bearing fault diagnosis and many good results have been reported. In Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) field, the CNN’s input size is usually designed as a 1D vector or 2D square matrix, and the convolution kernel size is also defined as a square shape like 3 × 3 and 5 × 5, which are directly adopted from the image recognition. Though satisfying results can be obtained, CNN with such parameter specifications is not optimal and efficient. To this end, this paper elaborated the physical characteristics of bearing acceleration signals to guide the CNN design. First, the fault period under different fault types and shaft rotation frequency were used to determine the size of CNN’s input. Next, an exponential function was involved in fitting the envelope of decaying acceleration signal during each fault period, and signal length within different decaying ratios was used to define the CNN’s kernel size. Finally, the designed CNN was validated with the Case Western Reserve University bearing dataset and Paderborn University bearing dataset. Results confirm that the physics-guided CNN (PGCNN) with rectangular input shape and rectangular convolution kernel works better than the baseline CNN with higher accuracy and smaller uncertainty. The feasibility of designing CNN parameters with physics-guided rules derived from bearing fault signal analysis has also been verified.     

新型SFCM算法及其在故障诊断中的应用

为提高故障诊断模式分类的实时性和准确性,采用阈值化类内距离的方法,研究了一种新型SFCM聚类算法,数据验证了此算法较传统FCM算法在收敛速度和聚类精度方面的较好表现,以机载武器控制系统信息通道为诊断对象,采用该方法对通道进行了样本无监督分类验证和故障模式识别诊断试验,结果表明新型的SFCM聚类算法能对信息通道故障模式进行正确的分类识别。     

流形结构化半监督扩展字典学习的旋转设备故障诊断

针对有标签数据不足及传统故障诊断模型判别性差的问题,本文提出一种流形结构化半监督扩展字典学习(MS-SSEDL)的故障诊断方法.首先,为改善缺少有标签数据而导致模型的识别性能较差问题,在MS-SSEDL模型中提出无标签数据重构误差项,利用无标签数据学习置信度矩阵,从而学习得到扩展字典以增强字典学习的表示性.然后,为增强MS-SSEDL模型的判别性,通过保存数据的流形结构,学习数据中内在几何信息的稀疏表示,增强信号表示能力及字典判别性.最后,在数字图像、轴承故障及齿轮故障公共数据集的实验表明所提MS-SSEDL方法比其他先进方法的识别性能更优越.     

A novel fault diagnosis method based on CNN and LSTM and its application in fault diagnosis for complex systems

Fault diagnosis plays an important role in actual production activities. As large amounts of data can be collected efficiently and economically, data-driven methods based on deep learning have achieved remarkable results of fault diagnosis of complex systems due to their superiority in feature extraction. However, existing techniques rarely consider time delay of occurrence of faults, which affects the performance of fault diagnosis. In this paper, by synthetically considering feature extraction and time delay of occurrence of faults, we propose a novel fault diagnosis method that consists of two parts, namely, sliding window processing and CNN-LSTM model based on a combination of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM). Firstly, samples obtained from multivariate time series by the sliding window processing integrates feature information and time delay information. Then, the obtained samples are fed into the proposed CNN-LSTM model including CNN layers and LSTM layers. The CNN layers perform feature learning without relying on prior knowledge. Time delay information is captured with the use of the LSTM layers. The fault diagnosis of the Tennessee Eastman chemical process is addressed, and it is verified that the predictive accuracy and noise sensitivity of fault diagnosis can be greatly improved when the proposed method is applied. Comparisons with five existing fault diagnosis methods show the superiority of the proposed method.