基于嵌入式油品含水率检测系统的设计

文中设计了一种基于嵌入式的油品含水率检测系统。该系统硬件部分设计了电容-电压转换电路、温度测量电路、串口通信电路以及单片机最小系统电路等。通过设计的电容传感器来检测油中的含水量,把含水量的多少转换为电容传感器电容值的变化,最后根据相应关系计算出含水率。经实验研究表明,该系统含水率检测精度达到了0.01级,测量精度高、稳定性好。     

双斜波法测量微小电容电路的研究与设计

微小电容的测量技术成为电容传感器技术被广泛应用的关键,针对目前小电容测量电路存在的问题,提出一种基于测量三角波斜度的小电容检测方法,采用PIC单片机为主的测量电路,电容检测分辨率可达0.005pF。此小电容测量系统具有高精度和稳定度、测量范围广、测量时间短的特点,适合于实时可视化测量。     

调幅式电容位移传感器的峰值检波电路设计

针对调幅式电容位移传感器解调过程中由系统不确定相移导致的信号解调不准确问题,提出了一种基于改进的峰值保持电路的调幅式电容位移传感测量方法。首先,分析了调幅式电容位移传感器及其检测电路的工作原理,在研究调幅信号附加相移产生机理的基础上,提出了延迟反馈式峰值保持电路,用以去除附加相移对峰值解调的影响。然后,设计并制作了调幅式电容位移传感器,并对其各个性能指标进行了测试。最后,对实验结果和误差进行了分析。实验显示,提出的峰值保持电路的输出线性度优于0.05%,制作的传感器在0～25μm内数据测量稳定性优于10nm/30min,传感器测量偏差最大值为36nm。结果表明,采用延迟反馈型峰值保持电路有效地解决了系统不确定相移带来的峰值检波不准确的问题,所制作的电容传感器满足了高精度测量的要求。     

电容式位移传感器的线性度标定与不确定度评定

由于光刻投影物镜装调中电容传感器的线性度指标不能够满足位移调节精度的需求,本文提出了一种提高电容传感器测量线性度的方法。该方法采用压电驱动器提供位移进给;采用高精度激光测长干涉仪校准电容传感器的线性度,提供位移反馈以保证运动控制精度。采用高阶曲线拟合方法得到拟合系数对传感器线性度进行在线标定;对标定实验中的环境、安装、机构以及控制等进行不确定度分析与评定以保证电容传感器的线性度测量精度;最后进行电容传感器线性度的标定实验。实验结果表明:本文提出的线性度标定方法能够减小各误差项对于测量结果的影响,标定后传感器线性度由0.047 14%提高至0.004 84%,近一个数量级,并且线性度重复性较高,重复性偏差为0.38nm,全行程内线性度的合成不确定度为5.70nm,能够满足光刻物镜中位移控制精度的需求。     

基于嵌入式系统的油水液位检测系统的设计

针对传统油水分离技术存在检测精度低、过程繁琐等问题,设计了一种基于新型电容传感器的油水液面检测系统。该系统以STM32和CPLD为开发平台,硬件部分设计了激励信号源电路、微小电容检测电路、相敏解调电路等。通过利用新型分段式电容传感器检测油水界面时传感器中电容的变化量来拟定油水液位高度和电压的线性曲线,最后计算出油水液位的高度。实际实验结果表明,该系统具有测量精度高,误差小于3 mm,稳定性好等优点。     

电容式传感器在液位测量中的应用研究

在传统电容传感器液位测量的基础上,该文采用了一种改进型电容液位测量的方式。综述了改进电容传感器的工作原理,解决可传统电容测量与被测介质有关的技术难题,结合单片机技术,设计了电容传感器的液位测量电路,通过转换电路把电容变换转换电压输出,通过软件计算液位高度,减小了电容与电压转换的非线性误差。实验测试证明,该测量系统性能可靠稳定。     

应用在拼接镜面中的电容位移传感器的结构性误差分析及校正

分析了子镜运动和电容传感器极板运动之间的理论关系并探讨了电容位移传感器读数的"结构性"误差的处理方法。基于电容位移传感器的工作原理,对极板为圆形的电容位移传感器提出了采用以位移的测量值和子镜转角为自变量的多项式拟合的校正方法。计算表明该误差处理和校正方法是简洁可行的。对于转角的拟合只需2阶,同时位移测量值只需4阶的多项式进行拟合即可使输出位移达到3 nm的精度。进一步分析表明,直接使用位移传感器读数计算极板转角,并对误差的主动校正控制非常有利于该多项式拟合,可一次性达到优于5 nm的校正误差,完全满足拼接镜面主动光学工程应用的技术要求。     

相对介电常数实时监测系统设计

为解决相对介电常数的快速测量以及长时间监测其随环境变化的问题,在研究不同填充介质对共面平板电容量值影响的基础上,提出了用同面电容法测量材料的相对介电常数。设计了包含同面多电极电容传感器、电容测量电路、单片机控制与液晶显示电路的测量系统,实现了相对介电常数测量。实验结果表明:该系统能有效地测量固体材料的相对介电常数,精度可达到5%。测量系统无需制样,只需将传感器测量区域靠近待测目标即可实现快速测量和长时间在线监测。     

电容法气液两相流相含率测量系统研究

针对传统气液两相流相含率检测精度低的问题,文中研究并设计了基于微小电容测量电路的电容法相含率测量系统,该系统主要包括传感器、测量电路和数据采集处理3部分。其中测量电路采用交流激励的C/V电容电压转换电路,并通过以ARM Cortex-M4为架构的STM32F407ZGT6芯片对输出信号进行采集和处理,最后得到气液两相流的相含率。为了验证该系统的测量性能,搭建了气液两相流层流相含率测试平台,并对3种典型传感器结构进行性能测试,试验结果表明采用双环式传感器结构的测量系统其线性度最好,测量误差最小,能够达到稳定、连续、高效的测量气液两相流相含率的要求。     

电容式微机械惯性传感器信号检测技术研究

针对具有差分电容接口的微机械惯性传感器提出了一种基于电荷放大器和相关检测技术的接口电路方案.采用电荷放大器作为电容-电压转换电路,来去除传感器本身以及传输导线引起的寄生电容的干扰.利用PSPICE模拟了桥路的不对称性对电路输出的影响,经过比较采用单载波差分电桥结构以进一步增大电容检测的灵敏度.采用相关检测技术进行解调,通过解调电路对前置输出电压和载波信号进行相关运算从而消除电路的宽频噪声;给出了包括布线、接地、去耦等电路工艺的设计原则.采用一组标定电容作为传感器的模型进行了实验,实验电路灵敏度可以达到195V/pF,最小分辨率为1fF.采用该方案能够满足对普通精度的电容式微机械惯性传感器信号的检测.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.