PtLaCe/Al2O3催化柴油自热重整制氢的研究

在柴油全分析的基础上,自行设计并组建了以带预热段的绝热管式反应器为核心的试验装置,研究了直馏柴油在PtLaCe/Al2O3催化剂上的重整制氢反应行为,并通过热力学分析及流程模拟等方法证实了柴油重整反应在自热状态下进行.     

TiO2纳米薄膜厚度对CdS纳米柱阵列 光电化学性能和稳定性的影响

利用水热合成法在导电玻璃表面上原位生长CdS纳米柱阵列（CdSNRA）,然后通过浸渍提拉法在其表面涂覆TiO₂纳米薄膜,制备CdSNRA@TiO₂异质结复合结构材料。利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、紫外可见光吸收、拉曼光谱等手段对其形貌和结构进行表征。进一步考察了TiO₂薄膜厚度对CdSNRA@TiO₂复合结构光电极的光电化学性能的影响。结果表明,覆盖50 nm 厚TiO₂层的CdSNRA复合结构光电极在可见光下具有更好的光电性能和稳定性,这归因于CdSNRA核和TiO₂壳之间光生电子和空穴的有效分离。     

V2O5-WO3-MoO3/TiO2催化剂制备及NH3选择性还原NOx的试验研究

采用静态氮物理吸附法和X射线衍射对自行研制的V2O5-WO3-MoO3/TiO2催化剂进行了物化性能测定,在固定床连续反应器上进行了活性评价,另外对影响催化剂活性的多种因素进行了试验研究.结果表明,催化剂活性成分及助剂比例的大小对催化剂活性有决定性影响,催化剂中V2O5/TiO2最佳比例为3%左右,WO3/TiO2为15%,MoO3/TiO2为30%.除此之外,反应温度、空速、NH3与NO摩尔比、NO初始浓度、氧浓度等因素对催化剂脱硝效果也具有不同程度的影响.     

SO2对柴油车尾气中CO和HC在Pt/γ-Al2O3上催化氧化的影响

在固定床流动反应器中用程序升温反应(TPR)研究了SO2对模拟柴油机排气中HC和CO在新鲜Pt催化剂和400℃硫化Pt催化剂作用下的催化氧化行为的影响。结果表明,反应气中的SO2阻碍新鲜Pt催化剂对HC和CO的催化氧化,而硫化催化剂对C3H8的催化转化有促进作用。SO2及其氧化产物SO3在催化剂表面的化学吸附导致新鲜催化剂对HC和CO的催化性能下降,Pt催化剂和涂层载体γ-Al2O3界面的硫化物种在400℃下能够促进C3H8的催化氧化。     

Cu/La2O3/Al2O3催化剂上甲醇水蒸气重整制氢反应

研究以并流共沉淀法制备Cu/La2 O3 /Al2 O3 系列催化剂催化甲醇水蒸气重整制氢反应过程 ,考察了La2 O3含量、反应温度、水醇比、液体空速 (WHSV)等因素对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明 :催化剂表现出较好的低温活性、高氢气选择性和稳定性。La2 O3 质量分数为 15 % ,在 2 5 0℃反应时 ,催化剂活性表现最佳 ,甲醇摩尔转化率为94 .5 % ,氢气选择性为 10 0 % ,CO摩尔分数为 1.0 5× 10 -7。     

Cooperation of Fe2O3@C and Co3O4/C subunits enhances the cyclic stability of Fe2O3@C/Co3O4 electrodes for lithium‐ion batteries

A Fe₂O₃@C/Co₃O₄ hybrid composite anode is synthesized via a two‐step hydrothermal method in which the acetylene carbon black component serves as a conductive matrix and as an effective elastic buffer to relieve the stress from Fe₂O₃@C and Co₃O₄/C during the electrochemical testing. The crystallinity, structure, morphology, and electrochemical performance of the composites are systematically characterized. Galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements of Fe₂O₃@C/Co₃O₄ present the excellent rate performance and cyclic stability. Its reversible capacity reaches 1478 mAh·g^?1 after 45 cycles, and it is equal to 1035 mAh·g^?1 after 350 cycles at a current density of 200 mA·g^?1. Furthermore, the changes after 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 cycles are investigated. It is found that the electrochemical performance varies with the morphological change of the electrode surface. Correspondingly, the microstructure, cyclic voltammetry curves, and Nyquist plots significantly change as a consequence of cycling. The results of this study provide an understanding of the increased capacity and excellent cyclic performance of a new anodic material for Li‐ion batteries.     

纳米Fe2O3/Fe3O4光催化法处理造纸废水的研究

以纳米Fe_2O_3/Fe_3O_4为催化剂,用光催化氧化法处理造纸废水。研究结果表明:该催化剂能有效、快速地降低废水中的COD_(Cr),催化剂用量、H_2O_2用量、pH值、反应时间等各因素对处理效果的影响大小依次为:光照时间>H_2O_2用量>催化剂用量>溶液pH值;室温下最佳反应条件为:催化剂用量0.5g·L~(-1)、30%的H_2O_2用量为5‰(V/V)、pH=3.0,300W高压汞灯光照4h,废水的COD_(Cr)值从800 mg·L~(-1)降到48mg·L~(-1),去除率达到94%。实验进一步考察了太阳光照射下催化剂对废水的降解效果,表明太阳光光照下催化剂对废水也有较好的处理效果。Fe_3O_4的存在使催化剂具有一定磁性,可利用磁分离法将催化剂从体系中分离。     

The promoting effect of Fe on Ni/GDC for the Solid Oxide H2O electrolysis

The study deals with the modification of commercial Ni/GDC powder with iron and its use as fuel functional electrode for Solid Oxide H₂O electrolysis. The Fe-NiO/GDC samples were prepared with the Deposition-Precipitation method and characterized, in their oxidized and reduced form, by using BET, HR-TEM, SAED, XRD, XPS and TG analysis in the presence of H₂O. The electrochemical investigation deals with the comparison of single SOECs at 900°C, under various pH₂O/pH₂ ratios. In the oxidized powders iron was detected, both in the bulk and on the surface, in the form of crystallized Fe₂O₃ species, which during H₂-reduction interacted with NiO towards the formation of a Ni-Fe alloy. The latter promoted the electrochemical performance of the Fe-Ni/GDC electrodes, where there are indications of strong dependence on the Fe wt% content. Specifically, the performance of the cell with 0.5 wt% Fe-Ni/GDC was threefold higher than that with Ni/GDC. On the other hand, the cell with 2 wt% Fe-Ni/GDC was worse, implying that the promoting effect of Fe lies on quite low wt% content. Finally, the examined Fe-doped electrodes exhibited increase of polarization in high pH₂O. This is primarily ascribed to the fact that Fe-Ni/GDC electrodes seem more susceptible to H₂O oxidation. Overall, Fe is considered as a promising Ni/GDC dopant, capable to substitute noble metals like Au, but further investigation is required for the elucidation of key preparation and performance parameters.     

基于Ni/Al2O3整体式催化剂的生物质气化合成气甲烷化研究

以生物质气化模拟合成气H2/CO/N2为原料气,以堇青石蜂窝陶瓷为基体制备Ni/Al2O3整体式催化剂,通过扫描电镜(SEM)、比表面积(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温反应法(TPR)、热重分析(TG)等表征分析手段,考察催化剂制备方法(浸渍法和溶胶-凝胶法)、温度(250~550℃)及空速GHSV(6000~14000 mL/(g·h))对催化剂甲烷化性能的影响。结果表明:浸渍法制备的Ni/Al2O3催化剂(DIP-Ni/Al2O3)与溶胶-凝胶法制备的Ni/Al2O3催化剂(SGNi/Al2O3)相比,前者甲烷化性能较好。在H2、CO、N2物质的量之比为3∶1∶1且空速为10000 mL/(g·h)条件下,浸渍法制备的Ni/Al2O3催化剂在400℃时甲烷化性能最佳,且该条件下CO转化率为98.6%,CH4选择性为90.9%。当H2、CO、N2物质的量之比为3∶1∶1且温度为400℃时,在实验空速范围内,浸渍法制备的Ni/Al2O3催化剂CO转化率和CH4选择性均基本稳定在90%,甲烷化性能较好。