基于MATLAB的液压伺服能耗优化控制器设计

为了在保证控制精度的前提下降低系统能耗,建立了钻杆排放机械手液压系统的状态空间模型,并调用MATLAB的lqr()指令计算出最优二次型性能指标极小的状态反馈矩阵,再将状态反馈矩阵输入到由Simulink、SimPowerSystems和Simhydraulics搭建的系统虚拟模型中进行仿真。通过比较仿真结果对性能指标的加权矩阵进行修正,得到了满意的控制器参数。仿真表明,优化后的控制器既能满足精度的需求又能明显降低电机的输出功率。     

斜直井钻机石油钻杆管具拾取机械手运动规划及动力学建模与仿真

目前,国内市场用于钻杆管具抬升的机械手产品较少,据此某公司根据市场需要自行设计了一款用于斜直井管具拾取的机械手。由于该机械手户外工况较复杂,确保其工作时的安全性则极为重要。现以该机械手为对象进行运动规划,并运用理论计算与虚拟建模仿真相结合的方法对其运动进行动力学分析。利用ADAMS模拟该机械手在8~11级风载和基座振动频率为50 Hz情况下结构的动态受力状况,并与无风载无基座振动情况下的结构受力进行对比,分析其结构是否满足户外阵风或基座振动工况下安全工作的要求。结果表明,该机械手结构设计和运动规划设计较为合理,并提出了进一步优化的可能性,同时数值仿真技术也大大降低了新产品的技术开发成本和开发周期。     

海洋钻井钻柱自动排放装置模型样机设计

深海钻井作业过程中,利用钻柱自动化排放装置,可节省起下钻时间,加快钻井速度,缩短钻井周期。通过对国内外钻杆排放装置的结构和关键技术进行研究,设计了一种海洋平台二层台立根排放试验装置,完成了机械系统的总体方案和各部件的结构设计,结合机械系统总体方案,进行了运动轨迹规划,完成控制系统的总体方案设计。     

陆地钻机钻杆自动起升系统的设计与优化

由于国内陆地钻机利用钻台气动绞车或吊车实现钻杆上下钻台时不稳定、效率低,本文设计了一套用于陆地钻机的钻杆自动起升系统,该系统可以实现钻杆在井场排放架和钻台之间自动传送,极大地缩短了钻井周期,提高了钻井效率.并利用ANSYS有限元软件对该系统的关键部件进行了有限元分析和结构优化,优化后的系统具有足够的强度、刚度和稳定性,满足长期使用的需要.     

S135钻杆管体断裂原因分析

某井发生井涌之后一根S135钻杆断裂。对钻杆断裂事故进行了详细调查和试验分析。结果表明,钻杆在使用过程中所受载荷远低于钻杆的承载能力,钻杆材质本身符合标准要求,可以排除钻杆过载断裂的可能性。钻杆断裂原因是H2S应力开裂所致。并提出了预防钻杆发生H2S应力开裂的措施。     

PCB上下料机械手设计与仿真

针对PCB数控钻床上下料时对人力过度依赖所带来的问题,提出采用自动上下料机械手替代人工上下料。根据上下料机械手功能需求对自动上下料机械手进行了总体设计,分析了机械手安装布局,并使用SolidWorks建立了机械手的模型。运用D-H参数法建立机械手的运动学方程,求解出机械手末端在全局坐标系下的位置及姿态。再通过ADAMS对机械手进行运动仿真,得到并分析了机械手的末端的轨迹信息、位移信息、速度及加速度信息,验证了设计的正确性和合理性,为机械手实际动作优化和运动控制提供了依据。     

钻杆修复工艺和技术研究

钻杆修复可以使旧钻杆得到充分利用,减少因钻杆质量导致的钻井事故。在研究钻杆修复工艺的基础上对钻杆矫直、钻杆清洗、无损检测、耐磨带焊接和钻杆修扣等关键技术进行了分析,并根据具体生产技术要求设计了钻杆修复生产线,该生产线生产率可达50~70根/小时。     

采用混合算法优化的3?P RRR并联冗余机械手驱动力矩研究

为了降低平面3-PRRR并联冗余机械手驱动力矩,提高机械手运动平台运动的稳定性,采用混合算法优化机械手运动参数,并对驱动力矩进行仿真验证。针对传统非冗余机械手驱动系统进行改进,给出了平面3-PRRR并联冗余机械手简图,设计了冗余机械手驱动系统,采用雅克比矩阵对冗余机械手运动平台运动轨迹进行转换,推导出冗余机械手3个分支闭环运动轨迹方程式。引用粒子群算法并进行改进,添加了遗传算法中交叉和变异操作,设计出了混合粒子群算法。采用混合算法优化冗余机械手运动参数,通过MATLAB软件对冗余机械手3个分支驱动力矩变化进行仿真,与优化前进行对比。结果显示:优化前,平面3-PRRR并联冗余机械手驱动力矩较大,整体波动幅度较大;优化后,平面3-PRRR并联冗余机械手驱动力矩较小,整体波动幅度较小。采用混合算法优化平面3-PRRR并联冗余机械手运动参数,可以降低机械手驱动力矩,减少冗余机械手运动系统能量消耗。     

塔中83井钻杆断裂原因分析及预防措施

对塔中83井钻杆断裂事故进行了调查研究,对钻杆断口进行了宏观分析和微观分析,对断裂钻杆化学成分、力学性能和金相组织进行了试验分析.分析结果认为,钻杆材质符合有关标准规定,钻杆断裂属于H2S应力腐蚀断裂（Sulfide Stress Cracking,以下简称SSC）.通过对该井H2S含量测定和H2S分压计算,认为该井H2S分压已远超过NACE标准规定的发生应力腐蚀的界限.根据塔里木油田现状,建议使用铝合金钻杆和防硫钻杆.     

CKS-Ⅰ型全液压瓦斯抽放钻机液压系统的设计

介绍了一种自主设计的CKS-Ⅰ型全液压瓦斯抽排放钻机的液压系统.该机工作过程中钻具的旋转、推进、起拔以及钻杆倾角的调整和固定等动作全部采用液压传动方式实现;钻杆的旋转、推进系统的控制阀采用负载敏感比例多路换向阀.经过1年多的工程实际应用证明该机液压系统性能良好,工作稳定、可靠.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.