稀土催渗下的20MnSi钢渗硼工艺研究

本文以20MnSi钢为基材,对其进行稀土催渗下的固体粉末渗硼工艺研究.结果表明,稀土-硼共渗下20MnSi钢可形成连续针齿状形貌特征的硼化物层,其物相为单一Fe2B相.提高渗硼温度可明显增加渗层厚度,为获得良好的渗硼效果,应在较高渗硼温度进行为宜.随渗硼时间增加,渗硼层厚度先较快增加,后缓慢增加,渗层厚度与时间符合抛物线规律.稀土添加量较高或较低均对渗硼速度不利,存在一个最佳稀土添加量(10％左右),使催渗效果最好.     

20钢熔盐脉冲电解渗硼层的组织及耐蚀性能

采用熔盐脉冲电解法在20钢表面制备出渗硼层,与其它渗硼方法所得渗层的组织形貌进行了对比,并对所得渗层的耐蚀性及其机理进行了研究。结果表明,熔盐脉冲电解渗硼法比其它方法温度低、耗时短,渗硼效率高,所得渗层较厚,组织致密,呈梳齿状嵌入基体,与基体结合牢固。渗硼层耐硫酸、盐酸和氯化钠腐蚀,不耐硝酸腐蚀。     

一种液体高硼肥料的制备

以硼砂和磷酸二氢铵为原料合成液体高硼肥料,采用正交实验考察原料配比、反应温度、反应时间对反应效果的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为n(硼砂)∶n(磷酸二氢铵)∶n(H_2O)=1.00∶0.68∶9.34,反应温度为100℃,反应时间为4.5 h。在此条件下制成的液体硼肥中硼质量浓度为103.02 g/L,符合微量元素水溶肥料农业部行业标准NY 1428—2010的要求。     

基于聚乙烯醇压裂液的有机硼交联剂BOP合成

以硼砂作为主剂,通过加入不同的配体合成了2种有机硼交联剂,并用单因素法优化合成反应条件。以压裂液的交联时间和粘温曲线为评价标准,筛选出有机硼BOP是适合聚乙烯醇压裂液的交联剂。确定有机硼BOP的最佳合成条件是反应温度80℃,反应时间4 h,硼砂加量18%,Na OH加量1.5%,3种配体葡萄糖酸钠、丙三醇、三乙醇胺的质量比为1∶20∶15,3种配体总加量为16%。     

基于聚乙烯醇压裂液的有机硼交联剂BOP合成

以硼砂作为主剂,通过加入不同的配体合成了2种有机硼交联剂,并用单因素法优化合成反应条件。以压裂液的交联时间和粘温曲线为评价标准,筛选出有机硼BOP是适合聚乙烯醇压裂液的交联剂。确定有机硼BOP的最佳合成条件是反应温度80℃,反应时间4 h,硼砂加量18%,Na OH加量1.5%,3种配体葡萄糖酸钠、丙三醇、三乙醇胺的质量比为1∶20∶15,3种配体总加量为16%。     

铅酸蓄电池生产过程中废铅膏的再生铅利用

研究一种电解回收铅酸蓄电池生产过程中废铅料的方法,通过正交试验确定最佳脱硫工艺:Na OH与铅膏中Pb SO4物质的量比1.5∶1;固液比为4∶1;脱硫温度50℃;脱硫时间90 min。并通过工艺条件试验,考察电解液温度、Na OH浓度、极间距、电流密度对电解工艺的影响,确定最佳的工艺条件:Na OH溶液浓度3 mol/L,电流密度200 A/m2,电解温度45℃,极间距3 cm。     

由硼砂矿制备硼砂的工艺研究

采用水浸-冷结晶工艺由天然硼砂矿制取硼砂产品,研究了浸出温度、液固比、浸出时间、结晶温度和结晶时间等因素对浸出和结晶的影响。最优工艺条件：浸出温度为60 ℃,液固体积质量比为2 mL/g,浸出时间为30 min;结晶温度为0～10 ℃,结晶时间为6 h。在最优条件下,硼浸出率大于98%,硼砂结晶率接近94%,硼回收率约92%。制得的硼砂产品杂质含量低,纯度高,产品质量达到GB/T 537-2009《工业十水合四硼酸二钠》一等品指标要求。     

黄陵煤矸石制备4A分子筛的研究

黄陵煤矸石的灰成分以SiO2、Al2O3为主,这些组分正是合成分子筛的原料.将煤矸石经过煅烧活化、酸浸除铁、碱熔预处理后,采用水热合成的方法制备4A分子筛.通过正交试验考察了n(Na2O)∶n(SiO2)、n(H2O)∶n(Na2O)、老化时间、晶化温度、晶化时间5个因素对分子筛钙离子交换性能的影响,实验结果表明:n(Na2O)∶n(SiO2)是对4A沸石钙离子交换量影响最大的因素,其次是晶化温度,最小的为老化时间;且在n(Na2O)∶ n(SiO2)为1.3,n(H2O)∶ n(Na2O)为45,老化时间8h,晶化时间4h,晶化温度85℃下制备所得4A分子筛的钙离子交换量达到296.84 mg CaCO3/g干沸石.自制分子筛的XRD及SEM检测分析表明,最优条件下制备出的4A分子筛晶型完整,轮廓清晰,呈立方体,颗粒大小均匀,在1～2 μm左右.     

聚乙烯醇的阳离子化改性研究

以三甲胺(TMA)和环氧氯丙烷(EPIC)为原料合成了活性中间体失水甘油基三甲基氯化铵(GTA),用该中间体在碱性条件下对聚乙烯醇进行改性,可制得季铵盐型阳离子聚乙烯醇膜材料。通过实验确定GTA最优合成工艺条件为n(TMA)∶n(EPIC)=2∶1,反应温度20℃,反应时间4 h;季铵盐型阳离子聚乙烯醇最优合成工艺条件为n(Na OH)∶n(GTA)∶n(PVA)=4∶2∶1,反应温度60~70℃,反应时间5 h,终产物收率达80.01%。     

低硅钢熔融盐电化学方法渗硅

采用对称-单纯形法对电沉积渗硅熔融盐配方进行了优化设计。设计结果表明,通过计算得到的渗层厚度与熔融盐成分之间的回归方程具有明显的显著性,选择出最佳配方为n(NaCl)∶n(KCl)∶n(NaF)∶n(SiO2)=1∶1∶3∶0.3,用此配方在低硅钢基体上获得了34.51μm渗硅层,实验值与预测值基本吻合。辉光放电光谱仪测定出渗硅层中Si元素呈梯度分布,渗硅层与基体结合良好,光学金相照片显示渗硅层厚度均匀。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。