基于接纳控制和ILP资源调度模型的BDAaaS系统架构

为了使云计算平台为大数据分析提供有效支持,提出一种大数据分析即服务(BDAaaS)的系统架构;首先,当用户向系统提交大数据分析应用(BDAA)时,通过接纳控制器评估任务的执行时间和成本并作出接纳决策;然后,通过服务等级协议(SLA)管理器根据任务的服务质量(QoS)需求制定SLA;最后,利用提出的整数线性规划(ILP)资源调度模型,以最小化执行成本为目标,在满足SLA下合理调度资源来执行任务;仿真结果表明,提出的方案能够有效降低任务执行时间,具有有效性和可行性。     

Cloud computing burst system (CCBS): for exa-scale computing system

Computational scientific applications tend to be very data I/O intensive, producing a large amount of data as the execution result. In this research, we propose a new storage system using next-generation non-volatile memory that is suitable for exa-scale computing systems. This storage system is called the Cloud Computing Burst System (CCBS) and is composed of a unified table management module, data scoring module, and CCBS storage. In particular, CCBS operates as a workload enlightened storage system using its own data scoring module. The CCBS storage architecture consists of PCM/NAND Flash arrays and a data migration engine. CCBS storage cannot only provide a scaling out feature, but also improve the overall performance of the storage system. In addition, by using new non-volatile memory array, many benefits, such as low energy consumption, density scaling, and high performance, can be achieved. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed system by simulating the storage system using scientific benchmarking tool. Our data scoring algorithm can provide 7% more hit rate than other methods for CCBS. In addition, our proposed system has improved storage system speed by 1.64 times, compared with only NAND Flash conventional model.     

Smart urban planning using Big Data analytics to contend with the interoperability in Internet of Things

The recent growth and expansion in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) is providing a great business prospective in the direction of the new era of smart urban. The insight of the smart urban is extensively preferred, as it improves the excellence of life of citizens, connecting several regulations, that is, smart transportation, smart parking, smart environment, smart healthcare, and so forth. Continuous intensification of the multifaceted urban set-up is extensively challenged by real-time processing of data and smart decision capabilities. Consequently, in this paper, we propose a smart city architecture which is based on Big Data analytics. The proposed scheme is comprised of three modules: (1) data acquisition and aggregation module collects varied and diverse data interrelated to city services, (2) data computation and processing module performs normalization, filtration, processing and data analysis, and (3) application and decision module formulates decisions and initiates events. The proposed architecture is a generic solution for the smart urban planning and variety of datasets is analyzed to validate this architecture. In addition, we tested reliable datasets on Hadoop server to verify the threshold limit value (TLV) and the investigation demonstrates that the proposed scheme offer valuable imminent into the community development systems to get better the existing smart urban architecture. Moreover, the efficiency of proposed architecture in terms of throughput is also shown.     

A study of a dynamic progressive reasoning system

Controlling resource-bounded systems not only involves taking decisions about planning and scheduling reasoning components to achieve time-constrained goals, but also about how to monitor the progress of these components. We propose an extended closed-loop planning, scheduling and execution. This extended closed-loop allows one to address the following limitations: (1) dynamic and time-constrained environments, (2) uncertainty regarding the duration of reasoning components and (3) tolerance to execution failure. The interactions in the extended closed-loop allow one: first to revise the current schedule when deviations from a predetermined schedule occur during execution, second to update continuously the set of goals on which the control focuses its decision and third how this set of goals is updated when an execution failure occurs. We discuss these issues in a progressive reasoning system implemented and applied to a railway control application where real-time (dynamic and time-constrained) situations occur.     

Scalable architecture for an automated surveillance system using edge computing

Over the past few years, the Internet of Things has gone from theoretical concept to our everyday living experience. The explosive growth of sensor streams also leads to a new paradigm of edge computing. In the surveillance system, edge-based automation is crucial to get fast response for fast data analytics among connected devices. In this paper, we propose an automated surveillance system to improve robustness and intelligence. Our scalable architecture is an alternative way of reducing the server resource and wireless network limitation.     

Semantic communications between distributed cyber-physical systems towards collaborative automation for smart manufacturing

Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication is a crucial technology for collaborative manufacturing automation in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)-empowered industrial networks. The new decentralized manufacturing automation paradigm features ubiquitous communication and interoperable interactions between machines. However, peer-to-peer (P2P) interoperable communications at the semantic level between industrial machines is a challenge. To address this challenge, we introduce a concept of Semantic-aware Cyber-Physical Systems (SCPSs) based on which manufacturing devices can establish semantic M2M communications. In this work, we propose a generic system architecture of SCPS and its enabling technologies. Our proposed system architecture adds a semantic layer and a communication layer to the conventional cyber-physical system (CPS) in order to maximize compatibility with the diverse CPS implementation architecture. With Semantic Web technologies as the backbone of the semantic layer, SCPSs can exchange semantic messages with maximum interoperability following the same understanding of the manufacturing context. A pilot implementation of the presented work is illustrated with a proof-of-concept case study between two semantic-aware cyber-physical machine tools. The semantic communication provided by the SCPS architecture makes ubiquitous M2M communication in a network of manufacturing devices environment possible, laying the foundation for collaborative manufacturing automation for achieving smart manufacturing. Another case study focusing on decentralized production control between machines in a workshop also proved the merits of semantic-aware M2M communication technologies.     

基于CPN模型的REST服务架构标准特征验证方法研究

当前REST服务架构广泛应用于大规模、可扩展的分布式Web系统中,若应用REST服务架构时不遵循其标准特征,则可能导致基于REST服务架构的Web系统出现性能下降、可扩展性低等问题。因此,实现基于REST服务架构的Web系统前,需要对该系统设计是否满足REST服务架构标准特征进行验证,以提升基于REST服务架构的Web系统的研发质量。提出一种基于CPN模型的REST服务架构标准特征验证方法,即对REST服务架构的五个标准特征约束进行CPN建模,并使用模型状态空间执行路径同步匹配的验证方法,以应用系统的CPN模型和标准特征约束的CPN模型为基础,对模型状态空间中的各自执行路径进行同步匹配,若路径可同步执行完毕,则说明该应用系统满足该REST标准特征约束。以基于REST服务架构的课程管理Web系统为例,验证上述方法的可用性和有效性。实验结果表明,本文所提验证方法可以有效确认基于REST服务架构的Web应用系统设计是否符合REST服务架构的标准特征约束,并在不符合标准特征约束时提供直观、可行的执行数据,便于后续完成应用系统设计缺陷定位及修正。     

Model Architecture for Cloud Computing-Based Library Management

The purpose of this article is to provide a cloud computing system-based architecture for library automation services. In this article, a consortium-based library automation system has been conceptualized and a model architecture has been proposed. The article describes the benefit of virtualization (Virtual Machine as a library) of cloud computing toward libraries and why/how a librarian can shift from an on-premise based library system to cloud-based system to overcome infrastructure requirement, staff requirements for administration, system maintenance, costs for backup, and so forth. The article outlines the traditional system of library automation. The proposed model provides cloud platform and application virtualization solutions for deploying and managing Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) for libraries. The model illustrates how a group of libraries, participating into a consortia, could collaborately obtain access to LMS software application through the virtual platform. This article is one of the first of its kind to propose such architecture for library automation.     

Evolutionary planning of virtualized cyber-physical compute and control clusters

Virtualization technology has the potential to notably advance the automation process in the domain of cyber-physical systems (CPS). It can improve both dependability and availability as well as significantly reduce the procurement, operation and maintenance costs of such systems. However, in the context of virtualization, research has put the most emphasis on topics of hardware utilization and fault-tolerance. There is little literature on how to model, integrate and consolidate a CPS by means of virtualization. In this paper we present a methodology for planning safe and efficient virtualized cyber-physical compute and control clusters – execution platforms for time-constrained virtual machines (VMs) that encapsulate CPS applications. We discuss the used methods, describe the corresponding models and the required system architecture. In contrast to typical resource allocation problems from other domains (e.g. cloud computing), in this case, the planning process must take real-time requirements of applications into account. In order to achieve this, we combine evolutionary algorithms with formal system performance analysis – in particular algorithms considered in classical scheduling theory. Such an approach allows not only to optimally dimension the compute and control clusters, but also provides strict guarantees regarding the timing predictability of the integrated CPS. Further, the embedment of a formal performance analysis technique notably eases the modeling of a system. As a consequence, the modeling process is fast, flexible and accessible not only to experts but also to system designers as they do not have to struggle with complex and time consuming mathematical formulations. Finally, our approach also provides answers to several practical questions that arise when integrating a CPS by means of virtualization.     

Toward an execution system for self-healing workflows in cyber-physical systems

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) represent a new class of information system that also takes real-world data and effects into account. Software-controlled sensors, actuators and smart objects enable a close coupling of the cyber and physical worlds. Introducing processes into CPS to automate repetitive tasks promises advantages regarding resource utilization and flexibility of control systems for smart spaces. However, process execution systems face new challenges when being adapted for process execution in CPS: the automated processing of sensor events and data, the dynamic invocation of services, the integration of human interaction, and the synchronization of the cyber and physical worlds. Current workflow engines fulfill these requirements only to a certain degree. In this work, we present PROtEUS—an integrated system for process execution in CPS. PROtEUS integrates components for event processing, data routing, dynamic service selection and human interaction on the modeling and execution level. It is the basis for executing self-healing model-based workflows in CPS. We demonstrate the applicability of PROtEUS within two case studies from the Smart Home domain and discuss its feasibility for introducing workflows into cyber-physical systems.     

基于S95标准的流程工业制造执行系统的设计与实现

制造执行系统(MES)是流程工业综合自动化系统的关键环节,在整个流程工业综合自动化系统中起承上启下的作用,是企业生产活动与管理活动的信息集成桥梁.文章首先基于S95标准,提出了流程工业MES体系结构,该结构采用基于COM/DCOM的Windows DNA体系结构,分为表示层、应用逻辑层和数据存取层3个独立的单元.其次参照MES国际联合会提出的MES功能组件和集成模型要求,设计了流程工业MES系统的11个功能模块.最后提出了1种基于实时数据库和远程访问技术的流程工业MES的设计方案,该方案以pSpace实时数据库为开发平台,采用VC++编程语占开发了pSpace Server的接口程序,实现了对流程工业现场DCS数据的采集和存储,同时采用康海NC601B单串口服务器,工作于TCP/UDP Socket方式,进行系统数据的发布,实现了安全高效的远程访问功能.该系统具有可扩展性、可重构性等特点,对流程工业企业制造执行系统的开发具有一定的参考价值.     

面向CPS的单车排放配额协同动态分配方法研究

建立个体车辆的排放配额管理机制可以低成本实现道路交通行业污染物和碳排放的减排目标。这需要面向车辆个体的全域全量的动态感知、计算、决策、执行的闭环信息化体系进行支撑,而信息物理系统（cyber-physical system,CPS）技术为此提供了基础条件。但现有道路交通排放配额分配相关研究未研究车辆的污染物与碳排放的协同控制问题,忽略了车辆排放的个体排放差异性与时空动态性;交通信息物理系统相关研究缺少集成精细化的排放量化模型和排放配额管理模型。针对上述研究局限,提出了一种面向信息物理系统的个体车辆污染物与碳排放配额协同动态分配方法,构建了集成个体车辆身份识别及出行行为模型、污染物及二氧化碳排放量化模型、排放配额管理模型的交通信息物理系统框架,并提出了核心流程算法。以宣城市的真实数据进行实验分析,结果表明：提出的交通信息物理系统框架可实现个体车辆污染物和碳排放量及配额量的协同动态计算,配额分配方法与传统方法相比,配额分配颗粒度更加精细,分配对象的确定更加精准,可实现配额分配的动态调整以应对减排目标的时变性,配额分配激励先进、惩罚落后的引导效果更加显著。     

Data-driven cyber-physical system framework for connected resistance spot welding weldability certification

A cyber-physical system is one of the integral parts of the development endeavor of the smart manufacturing domain and the Industry 4.0 wave. With the advances in data analytics, smart manufacturing is gradually transforming the global manufacturing landscape. In the Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) domain, the focus has been more on the physical systems, compared to the virtual systems. The cyber-physical system facilitates the integrated analysis of the design and manufacturing processes by converging the physical and virtual stages to improve product quality in real-time. However, a cyber-physical system integrated RSW weldability certification is still an unmet need. This research is to realize a real-time data-driven cyber-physical system framework with integrated analytics and parameter optimization capabilities for connected RSW weldability certification. The framework is based on the conceptualization of the layers of the cyber-physical system and can incorporate the design and machine changes. It integrates data from the analytics lifecycle phases, starting from the data collection operation, to the predictive analytics operation, and to the visualization of the design. This integrated framework aims to support decision-makers to understand product design and its manufacturing implications. In addition to data analytics, the proposed framework implements a closed-loop machine parameter optimization considering the target product design. The framework visualizes the target product assembly with predicted response parameters along with displaying the process parameters and material design parameters simultaneously. This layer should help the designers in their decision-making process and the engineers to gain knowledge about the manufacturing processes. A case study on the basis of a real industrial case and data is presented in detail to illustrate the application of the envisioned cyber-physical systems framework.     

混成时空Petri网的CPS实时事件模型

在分析网络物理系统（ CPS）特点的基础上,提出了一种新的CPS体系结构,并对事件进行形式化定义。提出了一种新的CPS物理实体的形式化建模方法。在Petri网的基础上引入时空因素和连续变量,构造了混成时空Petri网（ HSPN）模型,使其不仅能够描述物理实体逻辑和时间层次的行为,而且能够描述物理实体位置变迁所引起的状态变化。将其应用于实时事件CPS模型设计,以医疗控制系统为例,分析建模方法的可行性。     

A system for semantic segmentation of TV news broadcast videos

TV news channels present rich and complete experience of various events through audio-visual content. This makes television news an influential medium to affect masses and thus persuaded various social scientists and regulators to monitor and analyze the content of broadcast videos. An organized archive of newscast is a prerequisite for any such analysis. Creating such archive requires segmentation of continuous news videos into suitable logical units. Based on the application, these logical units may be one of channel content obtained after advertisement removal, different shows, news stories or video shots. In this work, we propose an end to end system with software architecture for segmenting the TV broadcast videos at all these four granularities. The videos are segmented into shots. Video shots are used as basic unit for all further processing. Video shots are first subjected to advertisement detection and removal to obtain the non-commercial channel content. This channel content is further processed to identify various program boundaries. We propose to identify three types of shows based on the presentation format viz. news bulletins, interviews and debates. News bulletins so obtained are processed further to obtain news stories. We propose a modular and scalable framework and software architecture for the broadcast segmentation system for deployment on a computation cluster. This involves scheduler based recording module and broadcast segmentation module. We have presented the detailed software architecture for individual modules, automation of entire processing pipeline along with resource and database management systems. We have implemented and verified the software architecture by deploying the proposed system on a cluster of nine desktops and one workstation. The deployed system was used for round the clock processing of three Indian English news channels.

     

煤矿自动化发展趋势

分析了煤矿自动化发展过程,即从单机自动化、综合自动化、矿山物联网到矿山信息物理系统CPS,指出煤矿自动化是一个逐步实现信息系统与矿山物理系统相融合的过程,单机自动化、综合自动化、矿山物联网和矿山CPS只是这个过程中不同时期所表现出来的特征;分析了综合自动化、矿山物联网在煤矿实际应用中存在的问题,即综合自动化和矿山物联网均未考虑信息与事件的置信度、未采用发布与订阅机制、未考虑物理世界的不确定因素、未将人及其行为作为煤矿自动化系统中的要素来考虑,指出要使信息系统与矿山物理系统融合得更加紧密,矿山CPS是煤矿自动化发展的必然趋势。     

Estimation of modelling errors of a closed-loop system and application to identification

A method for estimating the modelling errors of a process using closed-loop data is proposed. The theoretical analysis and implementation of the method are illustrated. A new algorithm of system identification which identifies the plant as an impulse response sequence or a transfer function model using the output of a feedback control system is derived. An illustrative example which shows the use of the proposed method for the estimation of modelling errors and its application to closed-loop identification is also included.     

A computing coordination based fuzzy group decision-making (CC-FGDM) for web service oriented architecture

As the demands for faster data processing and enterprise computing are increasing, the traditional client/server architecture has gradually been replaced by Grid computing or the peer-to-peer (P2P) model which can share the content or resources over the network. In this paper, a new computing architecture – computing power services (CPS) – has been applied to utilize web services and business process execution language for overcoming the issues about flexibility, compatibility and workflow management. CPS is a lightweight web services based computing power-sharing architecture, and suitable for enterprise computing tasks which can be executed in the batch processes within a trusty network. However, a real-time load balance and dispatching mechanism is needed for distributed-computing architecture like CPS in order to handle computing resources efficiently and properly. Therefore, a fuzzy group decision-making based adaptive collaboration design for CPS is proposed in this paper to provide the real-time computation coordination and quality of service. In this study, the approach has been applied to analyze the robustness of digital watermark by filter bank selection and the performance can be improved in the aspect of speedup, stability and processing time. This scheme increases the overall computing performance and shows stability for the dynamic environment.     

一种面向CPS的控制应用程序协同验证方法

信息-物理融合系统是一种新型嵌入式系统计算模式,它集成了控制计算过程和受控对象,二者相互影响并有机结合.随着信息技术在现实世界中更加广泛、深入的应用,智能化程度不断提升,在具有信息物理紧密耦合特点的嵌入式系统中,嵌入式控制软件的功能比重急剧上升,作用更加突出.作为安全攸关的系统,需要引入形式化验证方法来保证嵌入式控制应用软件的安全性.本文基于自动机理论建立统一的系统验证模型,并针对系统的可达性、安全性（safety）和活性（liveness）等属性要求,提出了对该模型进行形式化验证的算法：基于有界模型检验方法,基于可达性将对系统模型的相关属性验证问题转换为可满足性判定问题.将活性转换为Büchi自动机,并基于四值语义进行判断.在求解过程中,通过偏序规约等手段化简了问题求解的规模,提高可验证系统的规模.另外结合协同仿真技术,灵活配置验证的场景,提高验证的可用性.实验结果表明,结合仿真,形式化协同验证方法可以有效地对系统进行验证.     

SCAC: Weakly-coupled execution model for massively parallel systems

This work proposes an execution model for massively parallel systems aiming at ensuring the communications overlap by the computations. This model is named SCAC : Synchronous Communication Asynchronous Computation. This weakly-coupled model separates the execution of communication phases from those of computation in order to facilitate their overlapping, thus covering the data transfer time. To allow the simultaneous execution of these phases, we propose an approach based on three levels : two globally-centralized/locally-distributed hierarchical control levels and a parallel computation level. A generic and parametric implementation of the SCAC model was performed to fit different applications. This implementation allows the designer to choose the system components (from pre-designed ones) and to set its parameters in order to build the adequate SCAC configuration for the target application. An analytical estimation is proposed to predict the execution time of an application running in SCAC mode, in order to facilitate the parallel program design and the SCAC architecture configuration. The SCAC model was validated by simulation, synthesis and implementation on an FPGA platform, with different examples of parallel computing applications. The comparison of the results obtained by the SCAC model with other models has shown its effectiveness in terms of flexibility and speed-up.