现代包装机械设计质量综合评价体系研究

目的研究面向现代包装机械的设计质量综合评价体系。方法根据包装机械的性能要求、结构特征和相对应的质量特性,参照机械产品的评价体系,构建面向包装机械的设计质量综合评价体系。然后利用层次分析法确定指标的主观权重,利用熵值法确定指标的客观权重,通过主客观权重综合得到评价体系设计质量指标的综合权重,并以案例进行分析验证。结果案例分析证明,该评价体系和评价方法可行。结论使用该套包装机械设计质量评价体系,即可提高包装机械设计质量,又能降低成本。     

合作配送管理

分析了现有配送流程,指明了在现有配送流程中供应方,配送方、需求访信息不分享现象导致了资源的极大浪费,提出了合作配送的概念,给出了合作配送业务流程,指明了合作伙伴通过认同的业务流程,在计划,预测,执行和评价方面共同合作可以有效地提高配送的效率,通过运用CPFR理念提出了合作配送管理（CDM）,阐明了合作配送系统支撑以及合作配送的结果与评价指标。     

Deciphering innovation: An exploration of USPTO patents granted to Iranian inventors

Since nearly a decade ago, Iranian policy circles have declared innovation and development of science-based industries as a priority area. This paper utilizes the emerging Iranian patent stock in the USPTO to ascertain progress on this front. Results indicate that there are policy traces in the emerging patent portfolio as proxied by sponsorship statements in 28% of all patents. However, there is little evidence of technological specialization. Breaking down the portfolio into foreign-assigned, Iranian-assigned, unassigned and Iranian-sponsored patents, indicates that foreign-assigned, followed by Iranian-assigned patents are of higher quality and potential value. Nearly half of the patents are unassigned and 40% are assigned to foreign entities. Lack of ownership assignment can be a hurdle to effective exploitation, defense and maintenance of patents. The analysis is concluded by relevant policy lessons.     

中国重汽卡车设计的内饰感知评价与设计品质提升

目的通过汽车内饰设计的感知线索和评价要素研究,明确汽车品质感的内涵,为自主品牌设计品质提升,实现国家品牌战略寻找一条设计之路。方法在与中国重汽合作的轻/中型卡车平台设计案例基础上,从感知的角度,采用案例跟踪和特征分析方法,对比和归纳了内饰设计评价与设计品质的关系,探讨和总结感知评价要素。结论研究表明,内饰的设计评价本质上是一种感知品质的评价,功能体量、部件特征和内饰氛围是感知评价与设计品质提升的3个要素。     

齐齐哈尔铁路货车集团"并行工程"设计与实践

介绍了齐齐哈尔铁路货车集团“并行工程”系统的总体设计,齐车公司从组织上,建立了多学科产品开发团队,从技术角度,利用网络,数据库,数字化产品建模工具进行协作开发;利用过程建模与优化,项目的协调与管理,改进产品开发过程,从而大大提高了产品开发能力。     

Case studies of coordination activities and problems in collaborative design

The design and engineering of large, complex electromechanical artifacts for use in space requires the integration of many engineering groups, spread across the components of the artifact and across the customer and suppliers. And within each engineering group there is a need to integrate the many diverse skills required, such as electrical, mechanical, thermal, software and materials. This paper describes the results of a study conducted from the Summer of1992 through the Fall of1993 at a medium sized aerospace company. The study had two goals. The first goal was to identify project delays that were due to poor coordination and integration. The second goal was to identify the activities which occupy engineers at the company and to rank the activities by the level of frustration and wasted effort encountered in performing them. The first goal was accomplished by studying25 problem cases, compiled and classified into six problem categories: information acquisition (24% of cases), information access (32% of cases), knowledge access (4% of cases), decision interdependence (8% of cases), activity management (12% of cases) and agent access (16% of cases). The delays associated with information acquisition, information access and knowledge access range from 1 day to as much as a year; they range from 1 day to a week for the other categories. The second goal, to identify the activities which occupy engineers and to rank the activities by the frustration and wasted effort encountered, was accomplished by conducting a survey, circulated to 30 engineers across five different departments. The participants were required to track the time spent in seven different activities over an actual 5 day week. They also estimated the time they would spend on these activities in a typical week on a percentage basis. The percentages of time spent were: information gathering (13.7%—actual; 12.2%—typical), problem, solving/thinking (28.0%—actual; 29.8%—typical), documentation (23.5%—actual; 19.5%—typical), planning (7.8%—actual; 8.5%—typical), negotiating (7.6%—actual; 9.8%—typical), support and consulting (17.1%—actual; 18.1%—typical) and other (2.3%—actual; 2.1%—typical). The participants also rated the activities from 1 (most frustrating) to 7 (least frustrating). The average scores, beginning with the most frustrating, were: 3.33-information gathering, 3.48-negotiation, 3.56-documentation, 3.67-support/consulting, 3.9-planning, 4.52-problem solving/thinking and 6.67-other.     

建立冷库安全性综合评判指标体系的探讨

本文从“人-机-环境-管理”这一系统论的角度,综合事故指标和隐患指标,对冷库安全性综合评判模型指标体系的建立进行了初步探索。     

面向用户情感体验的产品美学智能评估方法研究

目的 研究面向用户情感体验的产品美学智能评估方法。方法 从情感与美学的概念及内涵出发,梳理了产品情感化设计理论及产品美学评估研究的发展。针对现有的情感化设计方法模型局限性较大,产品美学评估研究范围狭窄,未充分考虑用户情感体验及缺乏完善系统的理论框架与方法模型等问题,重新梳理了用户情感与产品美学之间的关系,从形式美、技术美、体验美三个层次研究用户情感体验,基于用户情感分析重新设定产品美学评估规则,并结合人工智能技术研究产品情感美学数据库的构建方法及产品情感美学的计算方法与流程。结果 提出产品情感美学三层次评估模型与面向用户情感体验的产品美学智能评估系统的构建方法,并对系统构建方法进行了设计实践验证。结论 帮助设计师、制造商、营销商与用户等多种角色更好地理解产品情感与产品美学的关系,促进高效精准的设计决策。为情感化设计领域及美学评估领域的研究提供新见解与新思路,为构建高效精准的产品情感分析与产品美学评估系统提供参考。     

SME tailor-designed patent portfolio analysis

The management of patents is acknowledged to be closely correlated to a company’s profits. Thus, evaluation of patent portfolios is an essential task for companies producing or depending on technology-related products. While global players and consultants already have considerable experience in this field, no tool has so far been available that meets SME requirements. The Innovation and Patent-Centre at the Chamber of Commerce in Hamburg, a German think tank for patent management, has now developed a tool specially suited for SMEs. The article describes the methodology of the tool and compares it to other state-of-the-art tools. The tool gives an easy-to-understand overview for personnel with different professional backgrounds and facilitates strategic cross-functional discussions. Field tests carried out with SMEs in different industry sectors and with varying patent portfolio sizes and structures have shown good results.     

Legal Validity Metrics for Patent Offices and Law Firms – Recycling of Patent Court Appeal Decisions for Quality Management

In all relevant patent systems an adversely affected party has the possibility to appeal the patent office's decision in front of a patent court or Board of Appeal (BoA). Within a European context, the EPO is, in a way, even engaging in de facto competition with national patent offices. As an example, the German Patent and Trademark Office (DPMA) provides quasi identical patent products and offers the same kind of legal recourse to the German patent court (BPatGer) for these products. Both offices offer an opposition procedure which is open for appeal, and also in the case of a refusal, both offices offer the possibility of appeals. Thus, the EPO Boards of Appeal are engaged in making decisions every year on around 2000 cases and, e.g., the BPatGer on 600 cases regarding the legal validity of the first instance's work. It is thus remarkable that, so far, nobody has systematically included the work of the patent courts in a statistical legal validity evaluation in the context of the Patent & Trademark Offices' (PTOs') quality assurance systems.Since there is obviously a need to establish a common standard for the comparison of first and second instance legal teachings in patent law, a methodology for comparative legal validity analysis is proposed in this paper. I have tested and optimised the approach while working as a project manager at the European Patent Office, based on analysis of 2300 appeal decisions from seven annual batches.     

冷库安全性综合评判指标体系的建立初探

本文从“人-机-环境-管理”这一系统论的角度，综合事故指标和隐患指标，对冷库安全性综合评判模型指标体系的建立进行了初步探索。     

Automated flow lines with shared buffer

The paper addresses the problem of fully using buffer spaces in manufacturing flow lines. The idea is to exploit recent technological devices to move in reasonable times pieces from a machine to a common buffer area of the system and vice versa. In such a way machines can avoid their blocking since they can send pieces to the shared buffer area. The introduction of the buffer area shared by all machines of the system leads to an increase of production rate as demonstrated by simulation experiments. Also, a preliminary economic evaluation on a real case has been carried out to estimate the profitability of the system comparing the increase of production rate, obtained with the new system architecture, with the related additional cost. Correspondence to: A. Matta     

城市设计竞争力评价体系研究

随着知识网络时代的到来,创新设计在提升国家和城市核心竞争力、建设创新型国家进程中将发挥越来越突出的作用。本文通过分析影响城市创新设计能力水平的内在因素及其作用机理,初步构建起反映城市设计竞争力水平的综合评价体系,并选取国内外典型城市进行实证分析,最后给出提升城市设计竞争力水平的建议。城市设计竞争力评价体系研究对于科学衡量城市设计竞争力的大小、帮助城市客观认清自身的优劣势具有重要意义。     

Determinants of patent withdrawals: Evidence from a sample of Italian applications with the EPO

This paper analyses the propensity to withdraw European patent applications within a regional sample of Italian applicants. The procedure for obtaining a granted patent from the EPO is composed of a series of sequential and selective steps imposing additional costs to the applicants. Accordingly, we argue that early withdrawals – i.e. those occurring before the proper examination process begins – should be treated separately from late withdrawals. Our findings show the probability of an early withdrawal is higher for applicants with lower resources and competencies and rises with the number of backward citations added by EPO examiners to the original application. Late withdrawals, instead, are negatively affected by one factor only: the size of patent family, which approximates the sunk costs born by applicants in order to extend the geographical scope of patent protection. Such a limited explanation suggests that the interventions of EPO examiners are likely to play a significant role in inducing late withdrawals.     

Conceptual design of industrial systems: an approach to support collaboration

The design of any industrial system is a complex problem where many domains are involved. Each domain developed its own way of modeling based on a mono disciplinary perception. This leads to a communication problem and consequently to expectations on the formulated solution that do not correspond with the real solution. To enable the communication between domains and to preserve the match between intentions, expectations and reality of the system to be designed, a combination of a soft and hard systems approach is used to define a Conceptual model for Industrial Systems (CIS). The use of the model during design is illustrated for the technical domain, but has proven to be applicable for the organization and information domain as well.