The Role of Time in Assessing the Economic Effects of R&D

This study investigates the impacts of R&D on firm performance. It extends previous research by constructing alternative stocks of R&D‐Capital that take into account that time plays an important role in assessing the pay‐off of industrial research. The results show that even when we employed R&D‐Capitals that placed more emphasis on the industrial research that had been undertaken 7 years ago, the effects of R&D were very (statistically) significant and relatively high, thereby suggesting that the life of R&D (on average) tends to be long. The results however, vary across organizations depending on both firm size and the technological opportunities that a company faces. It appears that the depreciation rate of R&D investments is higher in the case of technologically sophisticated firms. In contrast, strategic investments in industrial research generate a relatively constant effect on the performance of other firms, supporting the notion that the corresponding returns for such firms decay slowly.     

Assessing the Effects of International Trade on Private R&D Expenditures in the Food Processing Sector

This study empirically investigates the effects of imports and exports on private research and development (R&D) expenditures in the food processing sector. An analytical framework discussing the various effects of international trade on R&D activities is presented. This is followed by an empirical analysis that uses a dynamic empirical specification for current R&D expenditures and for a cumulative measure of R&D stock. The empirical investigation is applied to a panel dataset covering Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's countries. The empirical results show that increases in import intensity levels induce reductions in private R&D expenditures whereas increases in export intensity levels promote larger private R&D expenditures. These outcomes imply that the R&D-enhancing effects of exports are countered by the R&D-reducing effects of imports.     

An empirical study of university–industry R&D collaboration in China: Implications for technology in society

This research investigates the growing phenomenon of university–industry (U–I) collaboration in high-tech strategic projects in China. After significant changes in the trading policies of 1978, China has gained heightened attention in technology and innovation. To achieve the stated strategic national goals, Research and Development (R&D) collaboration is essential. Organizations preferred to collaborate in order to share the burden of R&D costs and efforts. The academic outputs (research publications) of Chinese academic institutions and technology patenting ratio are increasing daily in China. These increasing numbers signal the importance of R&D. High-tech industries are inclined to share projects with universities. Foreign enterprises, state supported enterprises and local industry have played key roles to strengthening university–industry relationships.     

泛在电力物联网在电力市场应用中的展望

随着电力体制改革的不断深化,电力用户借助分布式发电、储能系统和电动汽车等新兴技术已经具备了参与电力交易的能力,但传统电力系统的运行控制方式却难以适应新时代开放电力市场的需求。国家电网有限公司所提出的泛在电力物联网（ubiquitous power internet of things,UPIoT）战略可以实现电力系统各环节互连、状态全面感知和优化控制,是建设开放电力市场的有效技术支撑。基于此,分析了新时代电力系统发展所面临的挑战以及建设泛在电力物联网的必要性;研究了泛在电力物联网在开放电力市场中的典型应用;对面向电力市场的泛在电力物联网关键技术进行了讨论,为构建现代化开放电力市场提供参考。     

适合分布式冷热电联供系统的中小型发电装置

分布式冷热电联供（combined cooling,heating and power,CCHP）系统是一种小型、临近用户的新型供能方式,可避免能量长距离传输过程损失,同时具有灵活、高效、环保特点,成为大规模、集中式供能方式的重要补充。中小型发电装置是分布式冷热电联供系统的核心,制冷和制热也都围绕发电装置余热展开。对适合分布式冷热电联供系统的2类中小型发电装置的基本工作原理、热力性能和相关研究进展进行综述。一类是以化石燃料为能源输入的中小型发电装置,包括微型燃气轮机、燃气内燃机、小型燃气轮机和燃料电池;另一类是以发电装置余热或太阳能集热等其他热源为能源输入的中小型发电装置,包括有机朗肯循环、正逆耦合循环、热声发电机等。最后,对2类中小型发电装置的优缺点进行对比分析,为分布式供能系统的发电装置选型、系统方案设计等提供参考。     

基于虚拟储能的综合能源系统分布式电源功率波动平抑策略

针对含分布式可再生能源的热电联供综合能源系统,提出一种基于虚拟储能技术的热电联供综合能源系统联络线功率波动平抑策略。分析了综合能源系统中热电联供系统的结构特点与电热耦合方式。热电联供综合能源系统中的可控设备包括微型燃气轮机、热泵、蓄电池和超级电容。虚拟储能系统是基于建筑物蓄热特性的模型。引入可控设备及虚拟储能系统状态指标,采用加权滑动平均滤波算法确定联络线目标平滑功率;将联络线波动功率在可控设备间分配,并基于设备状态映射表,引入设备修正系数以确定其最终出力。在上海某高校\"中意绿色能源实验中心\"进行验证,结果表明,所提策略能够实现电热耦合协调,保证功率波动平抑效果,在满足虚拟储能状态约束的前提下,保证客户的舒适度,延长可控设备的使用寿命,并充分发掘热电联供综合能源系统的控制灵活性,增强分布式可再生能源的综合消纳能力。     

Growth of De Alio and De Novo firms in the new and renewable energy industry

Firms entering new markets are either de alio, with business experience in other areas, or de novo, without such experience. De alio firms enter markets in advantageous situations, while de novo firms enter markets with innovation capabilities. This study determines whether de alio or de novo firms achieve faster sales growth as well as the duration of their growth when they enter the new and renewable energy industry. Panel data for global companies that entered the new and renewable energy industry after the 1990s show that de alio firms achieved higher growth rate than did de novo firms in the initial stages, but that entry type’s contribution to sales growth gradually decreased and disappeared four years after entrance. The results indicate that accumulated resources and new entrants’ former experiences in other industries have positive effects, contributing to initial success after market entry for a limited time. This finding suggests that firms improve the R&Cs (resources and capabilities) that are appropriate to their new environments for sustainable development.     

结合燃气-蒸汽联合循环的液化天然气冷能发电利用

提出了结合燃气-蒸汽联合循环的利用液化天然气（liquefied natural gas,LNG）冷能的朗肯循环发电系统,实现LNG冷能梯级利用。朗肯循环蒸发器和燃气-蒸汽联合循环凝汽器换热量匹配一致,循环水系统实现闭式且不受环境温度影响。对系统进行模拟并分析了影响系统的主要参数,结果显示：随着朗肯循环冷凝温度的降低,朗肯循环净输出功率和净效率均有提升;随着循环水温度的提高,朗肯循环的净输出功率和净效率都将提高,而蒸汽轮机输出功率减少,但二者总的输出功率降低幅度不大。     

分布式冷热电联供系统的节能率指标体系研究

本文对分布式冷热电联供系统的节能率指标体系开展了研究,提出了包括节能率和热电比等关键指标的指标体系及其相应的计算方法,着重考虑了相关系统输出冷、热、电在能量形式和品位上的多样性和差异性,为科学合理地对分布式冷热电联供系统节能效果进行评价提供了方法学支撑。     

面向泛在电力物联网的综合能源系统规划模型

泛在电力物联网建设一个重要方面便是实现更多终端小微设备的接入,使得数据的获取更加海量和多元化,实现数据流和能量流的深度融合,而综合能源系统是泛在电力物联网价值的重要实现形式。综合能源系统在其规划运行中涉及多种能源类型和海量数据,是一项复杂工程,因此面向泛在电力物联网建设进行综合能源系统的规划思考,提出综合能源系统规划的可靠性、经济性和区域差异性原则,建立了综合能源系统规划的基本模型,以及系统综合效益评价指标体系,并对系统规划运行的数据需求进行了分析,提出一套完整的综合能源系统规划思路方法。研究成果为我国综合能源系统的建设和实施提供理论依据。     

基于人工免疫算法的SVG电压外环控制器控制策略

针对高维非线性电力系统复杂的控制对象,在静止无功发生器（SVG）的电压偏差-无功的控制方法上,采用人体免疫系统维持自身功能正常的机理,以稳定电力系统工作状态,提出基于人工免疫算法的SVG外环控制器控制策略。研究中识别电力系统中相应抗原物质的电压变动因素,细胞激活生成过程的模糊建模,运用Mamdani模糊推理和重心中心解模糊方法,得到内环控制所需要的无功参考值指令。通过单机双闭环控制的SVG控制器离线仿真,对三相对称短路故障后控制的影响分析,并与PI控制方式比较。结果表明,所提出的仿生免疫机理的控制方案对于SVG中动态无功调节过程和对电力系统稳定性的控制作用是有效的。     

低温热源有机工质带叶片盘式透平设计及性能分析

Tesla盘式透平是一种以流体边界层摩擦力带动转子旋转的非传统透平,具有结构简单、成本低廉、工质适应性好等优点,尤其适用于低品位热源余热回收系统。但由于其特有的做功方式,盘式透平的运行转矩与效率均远低于常规透平形式,这也是制约其商业应用的主要因素。在传统盘式透平的相邻盘片间增加导流叶片,并针对增加叶片后的透平结构进行了数学建模以及计算流体力学（computational fluid dynamics,CFD）验证。CFD验证表明,所建立的数学模型能够计算流体通道内的流体速度场、压力场分布,并能够预测透平效率在不同工况下的变化趋势。针对余热回收有机朗肯循环（organic rankine cycle,ORC）系统,利用所建立的数学模型,使用不同有机工质进行计算并进行对比。结果表明,在使用不同种类工质做功时,增加叶片均可以大幅提升盘式透平转矩与效率。     

考虑扣件温频变的车轨桥垂向耦合系统振动能量研究

通过对扣件进行定频变温试验,结合温频等效原理与高阶分数导数FVMP模型建立扣件的温频变动态力学模型,并在车-轨-桥耦合系统中采用新建模型模拟扣件,基于功率流法系统地分析与评价扣件温频变动态力学性能对车轨桥耦合系统振动能量分布与传递的影响.结果 表明:考虑扣件动参数频变会使中高频段内的轨道结构振动能量增大,对低频段的轨道...     

AIGC赋能当代海派版画融入文创设计的应用研究

目的 探讨了AIGC技术在当代海派版画与文创设计融合中的应用,为海派版画的传承与创新开辟新途径。方法 通过文献综述和整理档案资料的方式,对海派版画的艺术发展历程、艺术特征及其文化价值进行分析,深入探索了海派版画的艺术特性和文化意义。通过案例分析的方法,探究了AIGC技术在图像生成和风格迁移等方面的具体应用,以及促进海派版画艺术与文创设计的融合。此外,结合李克特量表进行满意度评价,通过数据对文创设计的结果进行对比分析。结论 AIGC技术在辅助创意构思和视觉表现方面发挥了重要作用,提升了设计效率和丰富作品多样化的表现。AIGC技术的应用不仅拓宽了海派版画的传播渠道,也增强了其在当代文化艺术中的影响力,促进了版画艺术的多元发展。此外,海派版画的融入为文创设计增添了文化底蕴,探索了其在文创设计中的应用价值与文化价值,为海派文化的传承与发展提供了新的视角和实践范式。