Use of environmental impact assessment in addressing chronic environmentally damaging agricultural and rural development practices: examples from Kenya and Cambodia

To support sustainable agricultural and rural development in Kenya and Cambodia, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) conducted training with an emphasis on field situations and case studies. Participants were required to bring their most pressing environmental problems to the courses in the form of a case study. The majority of problems were chronic environmentally damaging agricultural and rural development practices. Participants examined cause/effect relationships, mitigation options, and action plans. The environmental impact assessment (EIA) format was used for reporting and presentation. This application of EIA resulted in substantial improvement in the understanding of each case and in identifying solutions. This unanticipated use of EIA was a powerful tool for the analysis of ongoing activities.     

The impact of Bioversity International's African Leafy Vegetables programme in Kenya

An objective of Bioversity International is to promote income and food security by ensuring that agricultural biodiversity is conserved, characterised and used to improve productivity. The African Leafy Vegetables (ALVs) programme was initiated and implemented to meet this objective but no impact evaluation has been carried out since its conclusion. This study aims to evaluate the role played by Bioversity and its partners in the programme, and to assess the impact of the ALVs programme on the livelihoods of farmers in four regions of Kenya. The study used both primary and secondary data. Information from the survey was complemented by focus group discussions. To assess the role of Bioversity and its partners, all the partners were identified and interviewed. Bioversity was found to have ably acted as catalyst, facilitator and coordinator of the programme. Results also showed that production, consumption and marketing of ALVs had increased since 1997, women still dominated most of the ALVs activities, and those households that marketed ALVs were relatively better off than those that did not.     

强制性产品认证指定实验室日常管理评价方法研究

强制性产品认证指定实验室是我国强制性产品安全质量保障体系的重要组成部分,对其开展日常管理评价研究是完善强制性产品认证指定实验室监督管理制度所需,也是加强事中事后监管形势所需。本研究通过建立系统全面科学合理的评价指标体系,提出了强制性产品认证指定实验室日常管理评价方法,并对该方法的应用提出了建议。     

基于产品全生命周期的纸包装绿色生态发展模式

目的解决目前绿色包装研究领域对绿色包装生态发展模式研究尚不充分,缺乏经过企业实践检验的绿色包装发展模式研究的现实问题。方法以浙江大胜达包装股份有限公司为例,在企业中进行绿色包装管理创新并进行总结提炼。结果构建了由\"2个体系\"和\"4个关键环节\"构成的基于产品全生命周期的纸包装绿色发展模式的整体架构,并在企业中进行了绿色包装管理创新实践。实施后企业年利润总额较实施前增长14.8%,万元产值综合能耗下降11.8%,废水排放量和固废排放量较实施前分别减少17.41%和24.11%,对环境生态和人体健康有害的氨、四氯乙烯的排放量则较项目开始之初分别减少了17.73%和25%。结论提出了基于产品全生命周期的纸包装企业绿色生态发展模式,实施绿色包装管理创新之后,企业的经济效益和环境效益明显得到了大幅提升。     

The impact of governance mechanisms on transaction-specific investments in supplier-manufacturer relationships: A comparison of local and foreign manufacturers

Abstract and Key Results

无人机造型设计层次灰关联评价方法研究

目的立足无人机造型设计市场现状,评价无人机造型设计的合理性,优化无人机造型设计。方法通过调研构建了完善的层次指标体系,充分地保证了评价内容的全面性。根据指标体系具有一种灰色系统的特点,采用专家评价法确立评价指标以及权重值。选用李克特量计分法和层次分析理论,确立权重系数。运用层次分析法和灰色关联综合评价法针对无人机造型设计进行评价。结果通过对三款无人机造型设计方案进行设计评价验证,并对方案的质量进行排序,针对评价结果提出意见,进而对方案设计进行优化。优化后的设计方案质量得到明显提升。结论最终验证结果与评估结果表明,无人机造型设计层次灰关联评价方法具有较强的针对性、完整性和可操作性,可有效提高无人机设计方案的质量和工作效率。     

Patterns of nanotechnology innovation and governance within a metropolitan area

The present study employs a real-time, practice-oriented, and place-based approach to dissect the process of nanotechnology innovation in support of novel governance schemes. The research question is: What are actors specifically doing in the process of nanotechnology innovation in a metropolitan area, and what are enabling and constraining drivers that could be leveraged for novel governance approaches? The study presents results from 45 interviews and a synthesis workshop with actors from academia, industry, government, and the civil society in Phoenix. Results show that actors follow preconceived mental models of innovation with the primary objective to deploy profitable commercial or military products. The dominant network actors are academics, industry, and government funding agencies. The network is divided along product-based sectors with few cross-sector linkages. Considerable governmental support for entrepreneurs and for academic research via the National Nanotechnology Initiative enables nanotechnology innovation in the early stages. Market failures and corporate barriers, however, constrain the value proposition in later phases. There is novelty in the nanotechnology products; yet, little attention is paid to consumer input, adverse effects, or broader public value generation.     

The doing and un-doing of public participation during environmental impact assessments in Kenya

Mechanisms that restrict public participation during environmental decision-making in Kenya still exist almost a decade after the inception of the Environmental Management and Co-ordination Act (EMCA) of 1999. This paper analyses the current situation concerning public participation during environmental impact assessment (EIA) and strategic environmental assessment (SEA). It presents the barriers that may impede effective public participation in environmental decision-making in Kenya and draws attention to possible solutions, including the potential of SEA as a bridge to better public participation.     

原研哉的 “白” 设计理念的研究与应用

目的以原研哉的\"白\"为设计理念进行产品设计。方法分析原研哉的\"白\"设计理念下的具体案例,从产品设计角度归纳该理念的特征和应用方法。结论总结出了原研哉的\"白\"设计理念应用于产品设计的指导方法,对基于\"白\"设计理念的中国风产品创作有指导作用和借鉴意义。     

一种简易无人机载大气数据计算机的设计

大气数据参数的采集和处理是无人机的关键技术之一。本文针对无人机的具体特点,给出了一种基于C51单片机的简易大气数据计算机的设计方案,并着重对系统的硬件和软件设计进行了分析和研究。实验表明该系统满足无人机的使用要求。     

Risk assessment of regional systems

This paper introduces the field of integrated regional risk assessment and safety management for energy and other complex industrial systems. The international initiative includes compilation of methods and guidelines, development of various models and Decision Support Systems (DSS) to assist implementation of various tasks of risk assessment at the regional level. The merit of Geographic Information Systems technology and the use of specialized DSS and stakeholder processes are highlighted.     

城市土地经营策略影响经济效率的机制研究——基于267个城市面板数据的实证分析

中国经济目前已由高速增长阶段转向了高质量发展阶段,这意味着未来经济的发展将更加注重效率的提升。本文基于城市经济效率的视角,探讨了城市“以地谋发展”的土地经营策略对城市经济效率产生影响的作用机制。理论上,土地工具的利用可以通过增加城市基础设施投资、扩张地方债务、促进产业结构转变三种路径对经济效率产生影响。实证上,本文利用2006~2016年间中国267个城市的相关面板数据,通过中介效应模型的机制验证方法,验证了上述三种路径的作用机理。进一步地,本文还发现上述三种路径对不同级别城市经济效率的影响存在着显著的异质性。总体来说,对一二线城市,土地工具的利用对经济效率的提升仍具很大潜力。而对三四五线城市,土地经营策略对其经济效率的提升作用则相对较弱。与以往同类研究不同的是,本文试图从影响路径角度更加具体地回答“以地谋发展”模式影响城市经济效率的机制这一问题。     

支持无人机遥感影像的场景多树组织与跨源调度技术

针对无人机(UAV)影像等多源影像构建全球虚拟场景的数据组织和调度问题,研究了无人机影像的预处理方法,讨论了适于可视化需要的球体简化投影方法以及全球虚拟场景的结构,并在此基础上提出了支持无人机影像的全球场景多线性四叉树的组织方式,介绍了无人机影像等多源影像跨源影像衔接与调度的关键技术.用5.12汶川大地震中获取的无人机影像数据进行的实验证明,采用文中提出的数据处理与组织管理方法,能够减少数据存储的冗余性,提高系统运行的效率,方便数据的管理与更新,高效地提供灾情信息可视化服务.     

论企业管理的基础工作

通过回顾管理发展史，并列举大量事实，阐述了企业管理理论的发展与企业的基础工作密不可分。指出搞好企业管理基础工作应作为当前我国企业发展的主要战略之一。最后，对如何搞好我国企业的管理基础工作，提出了几点建议。     

计算机视觉在无人机着陆中的应用

介绍了计算机视觉的定义和视觉系统的软硬件组成,总结了视觉导航在旋翼无人机着陆方面的研究现状,并对视觉导航在固定翼无人机着陆中的应用给予初步分析和介绍。     

Leather processing in Ethiopia and Kenya: lessons from India

This article discusses the successful value-added chain within India's leather industry, and then draws contrasts with the evolution of the leather products industries of Kenya and Ethiopia. Much of India's success derives from the ability of its stakeholders—from government to industry—to set their own policies and priorities regarding the development of the leather industry. The fact that India selectively liberalized the entry of a variety of industries into the global economy added to the improved performance of its leather products sub-sector. By contrast, both Ethiopia and Kenya followed different policies regarding liberalization, with differing results. Although the leather industry is important for both countries, moving up the value-added chain remains tenuous at best for Kenya and only slightly better for Ethiopia. This article recommends that both countries need to formulate and implement policies that will move the leather industry from raw and semi-processed production outward to the leather products and leather goods sub-sectors.