Flow measurement using a triangular broad crested weir theory and experimental validation

The self-cleaning and semi-modular triangular broad-crested weir without crest height was firstly subjected to a rigorous theory. The main objective was to establish the discharge relationship as well as that of the resulting discharge coefficient. For this, both energy equation and momentum equation applied between two judiciously chosen sections were necessary and proved to be essential. Contrary to previous studies related to flow metering, the relationship governing the flow rate was established by taking into account the approach flow velocity. Secondarily, the device was subjected to an intense experimental program to confirm the validity of the proposed theoretical relationships. It was observed an excellent agreement between the experimental and theoretical values of the flow rate. It has been found that the experimental and theoretical flow rates are related by a linear relationship such that $Q_{Exp}=1.0057Q_{Th}$. The constant clearly indicates that the flow rate theoretical formula only needs a slight correction. The theoretical stage-discharge formula was then very accurate even no calibration parameter was employed. The theoretical development has shown that the discharge coefficient C_d only depends on the dimensionless parameter M₁ that reflects the effect of the contraction of the cross-section of the approach channel. The variation curve of C_d(M₁) showed that C_d increases in the range [0.233; 0.277] with the increase in M₁.     

A pre-verifiable calibration model of wall shear stress thermal sensor driven by constant current

This paper presents a pre-verifiable calibration model, which can accurately characterize the measurement behavior of the flexible wall shear stress thermal sensor in constant current drive mode. In this calibration model, the fitting parameter $a$ can be pre-verified with $I{R}_a$, which provides a method to verify the accuracy of calibration instruments and data. In repetitive experiments, the average related normalized standard deviation ${\epsilon }_{\tau }$ is 1.26%, which indicates that our calibrations are reliable. And the relative deviations $\eta$ between $a$ and $I{R}_a$ are below 1.15% in all experiments, which indicates that the calibration model can pre-verify the reliability of calibration instruments and data among different sensors and different drive currents.