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Social media have expanded citizens’ political repertoires with new modes of action. To measure these changing political practices, a new instrument, called the Social Media Political Participation Scale was developed and psychometrically tested. The instrument aims to capture both active, expressive forms of political action through social media as well as cognitive political social media use (e.g., sharing posts versus information seeking and acquiring). Based on a literature review and the recommendations of an expert panel, an item pool was generated. The second phase consisted of a questionnaire completed by 595 teenagers. The construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), as well as convergent validity and internal consistency. The analyses revealed four theoretically grounded constructs measured with 21 items: latent engagement, follower engagement, expressive engagement and counter engagement. As a validated instrument, the Social Media Political Participation Scale allows future research to gain a more profound insight into who is politically engaged and why, as well as how digital technologies are embedded in diverse forms of political action. 相似文献
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Most of the scientific literature recognizes a positive impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on economic growth. In contrast, different investigations suggest that this impact is limited or even null, that is, there are mixed results.In view of this problem, we conducted a study whose objective is to analyse the impact of ICT on economic growth.To address the study, we apply Partial Least Squares (PLS), using the databases of Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which allowed us to analyse those European Economic Community countries, members of the OECD, in order to reduce the differences in economic development between the countries analysed. As far as we know, this is the only work that studies the relationship between ICT and economic growth by measuring ICT with the Digital Economy and Society Index database (DESI), in European Union countries that belong to the OECD and that apply the PLS-SEM technique.Based on the empirical results, the paper suggests that progress in the deployment and use of ICT drives the economic growth of countries that are within the framework of developed European economies. 相似文献
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从2005年开始,一种全新的网络物联网开始悄悄地出现并且影响日益巨大,很多人甚至预言,物联网的出现将是具有革命性变化和划时代意义的跨越。那么物联网是什么?互联网到物联网的过度又包含了哪些因素?将针对这些问题分别进行分析。 相似文献
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The role of Information Communication Technologies (ICTs) on the quality of life (QoL) has garnered much research interest recently given the pervasiveness of ICTs in our daily lives. However, whilst the evidence on the effects of ICTs in improving QoL at the individual country level is mixed, the evidence at the global level has not also been fully understood. Besides, the evidence on the linkages between ICTs, digital inclusion, and QoL has been underexplored in information systems research. Even though existing empirical research has largely provided specific results using single country data, there remains a gap in our understanding of the dual effects of digital inclusion and ICT access on QoL and the mediating role of ICT usage at the global level. This study seeks to address these by relying on secondary data from 121 countries for 2018 and structuration theory as a theoretical lens. The results from our PLS-SEM analysis show that digital inclusion and ICT access significantly influence QoL at the global level. Furthermore, our results show support for the mediating effects of ICT usage on the linkages between digital inclusion and QoL. The findings from this study provide key insights that explain how QoL may be enhanced through ICTs. 相似文献
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Information and communication technology (ICT) has played an important role in the socio-economic development of human societies but, this development has come with some potential hazards to the environment. However, the experts are divided over this issue, some consider that ICT has exerted a favorable impact on environmental quality whereas; others think that ICT has posed serious threats to the environment. Hence, this study is another effort in exploring the impacts of ICT on CO2 emissions in 9 selected Asian economies which are the top contributors in polluting the environment in the Asian continent for the period of 1990–2018. All previous studies have one thing in common that the impact of ICT on CO2 emissions is symmetric. Whereas, in this study, we have not only relied on the symmetry assumption but also tested the asymmetric impact of ICT on CO2 emissions. The number of countries in which ICT significantly affects the CO2 releases has not changed much in our linear and non-linear models. However, the short-run impact asymmetry in the effects of increased and decreased use of ICT is approved in almost half of the countries, and in long run, these asymmetric impacts further strengthened and observed in more than half of the countries. 相似文献
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Information and communication technology (ICT) is a key driver of urbanization but can also create the digital divide that hinders urbanization. The study aims to explore the dynamic relationship among ICT, the digital divide and urbanization in China. Employing data collected from prefecture-level cities in 2017, this study first constructs a composite urbanization index through principal component analysis (PCA), then applies a geographically-weighted regression (GWR) model and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to probe the effects of ICT on overall urbanization. The results suggest that ICT positively affects urbanization and directly improves urbanization levels and efficiency. The application of mobile phones is an indispensable tool for future urban development. However, there are digital divides among areas. Less-developed cities lag behind well-developed ones due to their poor basic conditions and low-levels of ICT perception among residents. Therefore, knowing how to boost ICT development, narrow the digital divide and promote urbanization is of great importance. The essential role of the government in urbanization and technological progress is emphasized, and it is believed that government-led ICT-based urbanization can alleviate the digital divide and achieve balanced regional development. 相似文献
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Roberto Lalli 《Centaurus; international magazine of the history of science and medicine》2021,63(1):103-131
The year 1968 is universally considered a watershed in history, as the world was experiencing an accelerated growth of anti‐establishment protests that would have long‐lasting impacts on the cultural, social, and political spheres of human life. On September 26, amid social and political unrest across the globe, 62 physicists gathered in Geneva to found the European Physical Society. Among these were the official representatives of the national physical societies of 18 countries in both Eastern and Western Europe, who signed the constitution in spite of the political divides of the Cold War. According to the main proponent of the society, Italian physicist Gilberto Bernardini, the success of the initiative was the realization of a dream: the institutional formation of a single community of European physicists, a representation of a culturally unified Europe that he described as a “single highly civilized nation.” The analysis of as yet unexplored archival materials of Bernardini and other protagonists in the establishment of the society has enabled an investigation of the historical development of science diplomacy in two interconnected ways: first, by elucidating how the actors involved, especially those in Western Europe, interpreted their role as diplomats amid particularly turbulent reconfigurations of international political relations; second, by interpreting the attempt to institutionalize transnational scientific networks with the establishment of a non‐governmental organization as a tool to influence world political affairs. It will first be shown that the political ideal of a culturally unified Europe was deeply intertwined with the socio‐professional interests of a specific community, mostly involved with CERN. I will argue that, in the process of establishing the society, the invasion of Czechoslovakia by Warsaw Pact armed forces led many of the Western physicists involved in this process to reframe the role of the European Physical Society as a tool to diffuse liberal‐democratic values and to support political dissidents in Eastern Europe. 相似文献
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采用模拟试验的方法,对试样的铀床进行了重复的吸氢-释氢试验。通过测定已知密度标准试样(铀床壁为不锈钢)的CT值,建立CT值和密度之间的线性关系,测定铀床内铀氢化物的CT值,得到其不同截面的密度分布曲线。 相似文献
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There has been increased development in e-government initiatives in countries across Africa and these initiatives have been linked to reduced corruption levels. Although some studies provide evidence of how e-government development contributes to reduced corruption, few studies have analyzed the mediating effects of ICT development and institutional quality on the e-government development—corruption linkage. Relying on secondary data from multiple sources, we used a hypothesized model and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to empirically examine the mediating role of these two factors on e-government development on corruption. Our results show that a significant relationship exists between e-government development and ICT development, e-government development and institutional quality as well as ICT development and corruption. Whilst these were all supported in confirming the effects of ICT development on corruption. The findings demonstrate the significant role ICT development and institutional quality play as mediators of e-government effects on corruption. However, the study's direct effects of e-government on corruption was not significant. The research suggests that the ICT development of countries be strengthened. Furthermore, there is the need for an improved quality of a country's institutions as measures to ensure stronger effects of e-government on corruption. 相似文献
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The paper uses a large scale national quantitate dataset to provide a fresh perspective on linkages between the digital divide and social inequalities in India. Commencing from two classical social theoretical perspectives – the Marxian conflict perspective and the Weberian cultural perspective – as starting points, we employed MANCOVA analysis on data of more than forty thousand households. The Marxian perspective reveals how information and communication technologies (ICT) assets come to be owned, and how they are used with the help of specific digital skills by the working class to influence labour markets and intergenerationally transfer class advantage. The Weberian perspective focuses on how ownership and use of ICT assets define an elite lifestyle which excludes others. The analysis is deepened by employing network effects approach. Results from data analysis indicate that the less educated, lower-income group, and lower caste strata are further marginalised as they neither have ICT assets nor the skills to use them. Households whose primary source of income is organised business own and use their ICT assets more than those that depend on agricultural or non-agricultural wage labour. Also, the highest adult education in a household, caste, and the primary source of income of the household differentiate ICT ownership and use. Overall, ICT ownership and usage are significantly different for different socio-economic groups in India. This linkage demonstrates how inequalities are aggravated in the manner of a Matthew Effect. The paper suggests that ICTs may end up amplifying the social inequalities in India. 相似文献
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The majority of countries with advanced information and communication technology (ICT) infrastructure have been experiencing extended stagnation due to an “embedded” trap in ICT advancement. However, certain countries have been able to sustain a high level of ICT- driven global competitiveness. This suggests that in these contexts there is resilience beyond economic value. Finland and Singapore can be considered countries of resilience with respect to ICT-driven global competitiveness because of their continued GDP growth despite the recession. While both countries share significant similarities including institutional strength in ICT, they demonstrate noteworthy disparities in their development trajectories: Singapore is growth-oriented based on captured GDP while Finland seeks happiness by shifting to un-captured GDP. This contrast can be attributed to their distinct co-evolution with their institutional systems characterized by government/business initiatives in ICT usage for economic efficiency and differences in the new economic index referred to as “happiness seeking”. Given the increasing significance of un-captured GDP derived from the dramatic advancement of the Internet, this paper, will use a comparative analysis of ICT-driven development trajectories in six leading countries in the field over the last two decades. This analysis reveals the different option for maintaining economic resilience. A new method for measuring un-captured GDP was developed to assess the consequences and state of un-captured GDP in six countries. Institutional sources leading to this state were analyzed and a source of resilience beyond economic value was conceptualized and articulated. 相似文献
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《工程（英文）》2019,5(5):907-915
Herbgenomics is an emerging field of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research and development. By combining TCM research with genomics, herbgenomics can help to establish the scientific validity of TCM and bring it into wider usage within the field of medicine. Salvia Linn. (S. Linn.) is a large genus of Labiatae that includes important medicinal plants. In this herbgenomics study, the complete chloroplast (cp) genomes of two Salvia spp.—namely, S. przewalskii and S. bulleyana, which are used as a surrogate for S. miltiorrhiza—were sequenced and compared with those of two other reported Salvia spp.—namely, S. miltiorrhiza and S. japonica. The genome organization, gene number, type, and repeat sequences were compared. The annotation results showed that both Salvia plants contain 114 unique genes, including 80 protein-coding, 30 transfer RNA (tRNA), and four ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. Repeat sequence analysis revealed 21 forward and 22 palindromic sequences in both Salvia cp genomes, and 17 and 21 tandem repeats in S. przewalskii and S. bulleyana, respectively. A synteny comparison of the Salvia spp. cp genomes showed a high degree of sequence similarity in the coding regions and a relatively high divergence of the intergenic spacers. Pairwise alignment and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analyses found some candidate fragments to identify Salvia spp., such as the intergenic region of the trnV–ndhC, trnQ–rps16, atpI–atpH, psbA–ycf3, ycf1, rpoC2, ndhF, matK, rpoB, rpoA, and accD genes. All of the results—including the repeat sequences and SNP sites, the inverted repeat (IR) region border, and the phylogenetic analysis—showed that S. przewalskii and S. bulleyana are extremely similar from a genetic standpoint. The cp genome sequences of the two Salvia spp. reported here will pave the way for breeding, species identification, phylogenetic evolution, and cp genetic engineering studies of Salvia medicinal plants. 相似文献
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The study has integrated the civic voluntarism and planned behavior model to check the intentions of people towards political crowdfunding. Participation in politics is the civic duty of a citizen in a democratic country and exercising this right leads to government formation. Participation in the political process is behavior influenced by the intention to do so. The study examines the influence of the civic voluntarism model (CVM) and the theory of planned behavior (TPB) factors on the intention to participate in political crowdfunding. The study was done in India, the largest democracy in the world, taking a sample size of 374 respondents. Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the data through SmartPLS-3.2. The results of this study revealed that resources - financial, time, and technological - are essential for participating in political crowdfunding. Political engagement, political interest, and political awareness are significantly associated with the intention to participate in crowdfunding. Online community engagement also shows a positive relationship with the intention. Among the three factors of TPB, attitude and subjective norms are significantly influencing the intention towards participation. The results of this study will help the political parties and candidates to identify factors that will help them to get maximum funding and support from the crowd through political crowdfunding. The theoretical implication is that political crowdfunding can come up as a distinct segment of crowdfunding to be studied. 相似文献
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CEN和CENELEC标准中涉及专利的政策是CEN和CENELEC 32个国家成员协商一致的产物,具有广泛的影响力.本文回顾了CEN和CENELEC标准中涉及专利的政策的演变过程,分析了于2011年底批准通过的现行政策的特点,揭示了该政策的潜在应用意义,为我国相关政策的制定提供参考. 相似文献
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简述欧洲空调器市场销售量变化情况，着重分析了俄罗斯市场现状及发展前景。认为我国制冷空调企业开拓和发展欧洲尤其俄罗斯独联体国家市场大有可为。 相似文献
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