朱冰清:与茶结缘今生必然

江南水乡,太湖之畔,风景秀美,环境宜人.村村都有小河穿过,舟楫往来,头戴斗笠的船夫有节奏地摇着橹,轻击水面的声音,伴着时而浙浙沥沥的小雨滴洒在水面上,鸣奏着水乡动人的乐曲.放眼望去,雾蒙蒙,雨蒙蒙,不远处谁家老宅,飘出缕缕炊烟,翠绿竹林中,鸟语传情,霭霭云烟,依依墟村,好一幅醉人的水墨画卷!     

饮者品级

饮酒,不宜在烦恼时,烦恼时易醉。林冲雪夜上梁山,几杯浊酒,就醉倒在雪地里,大雪飘飘,盖了一身,险些冻死。饮酒,不宜在乡愁来袭时。一个人,走向远方,走在异地,把所有的思念,包括故乡的习俗,故乡的声音,还有故乡人的相貌样子,都压在心的深层,不去想它。可是,三杯两盏,怎抵得乡愁偷袭。这时,故乡的山歌,故乡的人     

怪味春笋

原料：春笋,莴笋,青花椒,辣椒段,高汤,麻酱,韭菜花,酱豆腐,蚝油,竦鲜露,花椒油,水发冬菇,料油,盐。     

把餐桌移到郊外

春末夏初,阳光明媚,风和日丽,鲜花争妍,懒在家里实在是辜负了这大好时光。不妨邀约三五好友,把酒言欢,或举家出行,共享天伦,把餐桌移到郊野海滨,乡村麦田,林间     

美国天后主持 奥普拉·温弗瑞

奥普拉·温弗瑞的生平简直就是一部美国版的励志电影,单亲家庭,复杂性关系,少女母亲,到黑人防火小姐,新闻主持艾美奖获得者,具有世界上最庞大与广泛的听众群,抵达世界最知名的天后主持,拥有个人资产超过十亿美元。她的这部电影跌宕起伏,充满了恶作剧似的戏剧性。刚开始调子悲凉,慢慢地,渐入佳境,色彩明亮,曲调也欢快。仿佛有一双巨大的命运之手,先磨砺她,尔后塑造她,将她推向成功的制高点。     

大厨教做家常菜(七)

洋参八宝鸽子(图1)主料:乳鸽,西洋参。配料:江米,莲子,桃仁,白芝麻,花生米,杏仁,小枣,桂圆,葱,姜。调料:盐,糖,酱油,料酒,油,淀粉,味精,鸡精。制作:乳鸽用葱、姜、盐、酱油、料酒腌制4小时;取出将江米、莲子、桃仁、白芝麻、花生米、杏仁、小枣、桂圆八宝料酿人乳鸽肚内。锅内放油,油热后放入乳鸽炸成金黄色。将炸好的八宝乳鸽上笼屉蒸约半小时,放入西洋参,熟后,打明芡即可。特点:咸鲜适口,造型美观。     

斐生酒家南北风情

韩式泡汁目鱼仔 原料:目鱼仔200克,韩国泡菜50克,泡海椒10克,青瓜丝50克,芹菜50克. 调料:韩国辣酱,韩国泡菜汁,韩国辣椒粉,蒜泥,白醋,盐,味精.     

走进江南水乡龙城的特色店堂——记常州金色南都国际大酒店和豪廷皇悦大饭店

金色南都国际大酒店坐落于风光美丽的常州南翼,面向武进去区政府行政中心大楼、武进市民广场,旁依春秋古遗址淹城,周围风景秀丽,地理环境优越,是城区首家四星级酒店,构思新颖,建筑华丽,装潢气派,用材讲究,设施完善,内部采用国际知名的汉斯格雅,杜拉维特洁具,墙地面全部采用顶级天然大理石,家具采用优质进口木材,突出房间回归自然的浑然天成气质。     

菜肴有新意

芙蓉鸡海参原料:水发海参750g,生鸡脯肉150g,蛋黄糕1块,净白鱼肉150g,熟鸡皮100g,青菜心适量,熟猪油75g,姜1块,精盐7g,虾籽0.5g,味精1.5g,绍酒25g,清鸡汤750g,鸡蛋清3只,胡椒粉0.5g,葱结1个,葱姜汁适量。制法:1.鸡脯肉、白鱼肉分别斩成茸,再分别与鸡蛋清、葱姜汁、绍     

田菁蛋白在食品中的应用

田菁是野生豆科植物,又名野绿豆,涝豆,柴子等,是一种一年生豆科高产绿肥作物,耐盐碱,分布于两广,福建,台湾,江浙及山东诸省。田菁种子经机械加工所得的粉,含有丰富的营养物质,蛋白质35~39%,淀粉5~10%,脂肪2~2.5 %,碳水化合物14-18%,     

Photocatalytic decomposition of bisphenol A in water using composite TiO2-zeolite sheets prepared by a papermaking technique

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyst and zeolite adsorbent were made into a paper-like composite by a papermaking technique using pulp and ceramic fibers as sheet matrix. The photocatalytic performance for the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA) dissolved in water was investigated under UV irradiation. The TiO2 sheet prepared was easier to handle than the original TiO2 powders in aqueous media. The TiO2 sheet could decompose the BPA under UV irradiation, although at a lower degradation efficiency than the TiO2 suspension. The TiO2-free zeolite sheet could not remove the BPA from water completely because of its adsorption equilibrium. Furthermore, the composite TiO2-zeolite sheets exhibited a higher efficiency for BPA removal than the zeolite-free TiO2 sheets, the efficiency of the former being equivalent to that of the TiO2 suspension. The enhancement in removal efficiency was not attributed to the simple adsorption of BPA on zeolite but rather to the synergistic effect obtained through the combined use of TiO2 photocatalyst and zeolite adsorbent in the paper-like composite sheet, which is believed to accelerate the BPA photodegradation in water.     

The state of nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) may affect sunscreen performance

In the past several years, there has been a trend in the sunscreen/cosmetics industry to replace micron-sized titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) particles with nanoscale materials. The increased use of nanoscale TiO(2) has resulted in questions about these and other nanoproducts. This study examines the effects of using nanoscale TiO(2) on ultraviolet (UV) attenuation in simple to complex sunscreen formulations. UV light attenuation, product stability, and potential damage to the skin barrier were examined with both nanoscale and microscale TiO(2) particles. Results indicate that none of the formulations decreased the barrier function of the skin and the best UV attenuation occurs when the TiO(2) particles are stabilized with a coating and evenly distributed such as with non-agglomerated coated nanoscale materials. This indicates that nanoscale TiO(2) may have better efficacy while lacking toxicity.     

Plasma surface modified TiO2 nanoparticles: improved photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous m-xylene

Titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) is a preferred catalyst for photocatalytic oxidation of many air pollutants. In an effort to enhance its photocatalytic activity, TiO(2) was modified by pulsed plasma treatment. In this work, TiO(2) nanoparticles, coated on a glass plate, were treated with a plasma discharge of hexafluoropropylene oxide (HFPO) gas. By appropriate adjustment of discharge conditions, it was discovered that the TiO(2) particles can be either directly fluorinated (Ti-F) or coated with thin perfluorocarbon films (C-F). Specifically, under relatively high power input, the plasma deposition process favored direct surface fluorination. The extent of Ti-F formation increased with increasing power input. In contrast, at lower average power inputs, perfluorocarbon films are deposited on the surface of the TiO(2) particles. The plasma surface modified TiO(2) nanoparticles were subsequently employed as catalysts in the photocatalytic oxidation of m-xylene in air, as carried out inside a batch reactor with closed loop constant gas circulation. Both types of modified TiO(2) were significantly more catalytically active than that of the unmodified particles. For example, the rate constant of m-xylene degradation was increased from 0.012 min(-1) with untreated TiO(2) to 0.074 min(-1) with fluorinated TiO(2). Although it is not possible to provide unequivocal reasons for this increased photocatalytic activity, it is noted that the plasma surface treatment converted the TiO(2) from hydrophilic to highly hydrophobic, which would provide more facile catalyst adsorption of the xylene from the flowing air. Also, based on literature reports, the use of fluorinated TiO(2) reduces electron-hole recombination rates, thus increasing the photocatalytic activity.     

Photocatalytic oxidation of tabun simulant-diethyl cyanophosphate: FTIR in situ investigation

Gas phase photocatalytic oxidation of diethyl cyanophosphate vapor in a static reactor using TiO2 and modified TiO2 as the photocatalyst was studied with the FTIR in situ method. The transition metals Pt, Au, and Ag were used for TiO2 modification by the chemical and photochemical deposition methods as well as the mechanical mixture of TiO2 with manganese oxide to improve its adsorption and catalytic activity. Photocatalytic oxidation of diethyl cyanophosphate in a static reactor results in its complete mineralization with carbon dioxide, phosphoric and nitric acids, and water as the major final products. HCN was demonstrated to be the only toxic gaseous intermediate of diethyl cyanophosphate photocatalytic oxidation, formed as a result of diethyl cyanophosphate hydrolysis. Diethylphosphate and acetic and formic acids were registered as the surface intermediates. It was found that cyanhydric acid is oxidized slowly with the use of unmodified TiO2. The formation of surface cyanide complexes with Ag and Au ions could be responsible for the fast removal of HCN from the gas phase and its further photooxidation in the case of using TiO2 with deposited Au and Ag.     

Photostabilization of organic UV-absorbing and anti-oxidant cosmetic components in formulations containing micronized manganese-doped titanium oxide

Micronized titanium oxide (TiO2) and manganese-doped titanium oxide (TiO2:Mn) particles have been incorporated into a variety of oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions in conjunction with the UV-absorbing organic compounds butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDM) and octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) and with the anti-oxidants vitamin E and vitamin C. The retention of the organics under solar exposure has been shown to be significantly enhanced by the addition of TiO2:Mn to the formulation. In the case of BMDM and OMC, the retention is increased from 20% and 24% to 63% and 83%, respectively, after 2 h of solar exposure. In this system, TiO2 particles are shown to provide only limited protection relative to BMDM and OMC. Vitamin E and vitamin C are actively degraded by the presence of TiO2 in the emulsion during solar exposure. This effect is reversed with TiO2:Mn, the use of which can protect >90% of anti-oxidants in both the oil and water phases of the formulation. The absence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and surface scavenging of ROS by TiO2:Mn is responsible for a significantly reduced ROS load on the organic components and consequent photostabilization of the emulsion.     

纳米TiO2粒子的分散研究

探讨了不同分散剂对纳米二氧化钛的分散效果,采用粒径分布参数以及沉淀法对分散稳定性进行了综合分析,确定了合适的分散剂,并对分散剂与TiO2的配比进行了优化.     

Persistent fluorescence-assisted TiO₂-xNy-based photocatalyst for gaseous acetaldehyde degradation

Photocatalytic technologies were utilized to develop an environment-friendly system that is capable of removing and oxidizing organic pollutants from an air stream. A series of long-afterglow phosphors emitting long lifetime fluorescence was adapted to prepared TiO(2)-based composite photocatalysts for the photodegradation of gas-phase acetaldehyde. Although the photocatalytic reaction by an undoped titania (Degussa P25) was stopped immediately after turning off the irradiation light, the long-afterglow phosphor/nitorogen-doped TiO(2) (TiO(2-x)N(y)) composites maintained the acetaldehyde photodegradation ability even after turning off the light for a long time. This novel photocatalytic property may be attributed to the presence of the long-afterglow phosphor, which can reserve the light energy and generate the persistent fluorescence afterward as the light source for the photocatalytic reaction with the visible-light responsive TiO(2-x)N(y). The substitution of the undoped TiO(2) with TiO(2-x)N(y) was essential to use the fluorescence as a light source for photocatalysis. Such a self-fluorescence-assisted system could enhance the performance of photocatalysts for environmental cleanup.     

Long-term effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater and bacterial community shift in activated sludge

The expanding use of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO(2) NPs) in a wide range of fields raises concerns about their potential environmental impacts. However, investigations of the potential effects of TiO(2) NPs on biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal and bacterial community in activated sludge are sparse. This study evaluated the influences of TiO(2) NPs on biological nutrient removal in the anaerobic-low dissolved oxygen (0.15-0.50 mg/L) sequencing batch reactor. It was found that 1 and 50 mg/L TiO(2) NPs had no acute effects on wastewater nitrogen and phosphorus removal after short-term exposure (1 day). However, 50 mg/L TiO(2) NPs (higher than its environmentally relevant concentration) was observed to significantly decrease total nitrogen (TN) removal efficiency from 80.3% to 24.4% after long-term exposure (70 days), whereas biological phosphorus removal was unaffected. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles showed that 50 mg/L TiO(2) NPs obviously reduced the diversity of microbial community in activated sludge, and fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis indicated that the abundance of nitrifying bacteria, especially ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, was highly decreased after long-term exposure to 50 mg/L TiO(2) NPs, which was the main reason for the serious deterioration of ammonia oxidation. Further study revealed that 50 mg/L TiO(2) NPs inhibited the activities of ammonia monooxygenase and nitrite oxidoreductase after long-term exposure, but had no significant impacts on the activities of exopolyphosphatase and polyphosphate kinase, and the transformations of intracellular polyhydroxyalkanoates and glycogen, which were consistent with the observed influences of TiO(2) NPs on biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal.     

聚丙烯腈/二氧化钛纳米纤维的紫外线防护性能

为探讨纳米纤维的紫外线防护性能,在聚丙烯腈（PAN）溶液中加入紫外线屏蔽剂二氧化钛（TiO2）并制备了纯PAN和复合PAN/TiO2纳米纤维膜,利用扫描电子显微镜、紫外透射率分析仪等分析了纳米纤维的微观形态和紫外线防护性能。结果表明：复合PAN/TiO2纳米纤维具有较小的直径;红外光谱图显示PAN/TiO2纳米纤维不仅含有PAN的特征吸收峰,还含有TiO2的特征吸收峰。TiO2的加入有效增加了PAN/TiO2 混合纳米纤维膜的紫外线吸收性能和紫外线防护性能,纯PAN纳米纤维膜的紫外线防护因子（UPF）为30.72,PAN/TiO2 纳米纤维膜的UPF为1 096.21∽1 865.49,且UPF随着TiO2质量分数的增加而增大;TiO2质量分数为0.5%时,PAN/TiO2 纳米纤维表面光滑,直径较小,紫外线防护性能较好。     

磁控溅射法研制稀土激活TiO2抗菌材料

采用低温射频磁控溅射技术，以TiO2／Nd、Nd／TiO2、TiO2／Nd／TiO2三种方式，在PET非织造布表面沉积TiO2与稀土Nd相对含量不同的纳米结构复合薄膜，以宽化纳米TiO2的吸收光谱，使其在可见光下也能具有较好的抗菌效果。采用振荡烧瓶法对样品进行抗菌性能测试，并选用大肠杆菌为试验菌种，结果表明，以TiO2／Nd／TiO2的沉积方式，在TiO2薄膜中掺杂一定量的稀土元素Nd，可以有效提高纳米结构复合薄膜的抗菌性能。