The influence of sodium vapour on the wetting of UO2-stainless steel 1.4970 (liquid) and its interpretation using scanning auger spectroscopy

The influence of sodium vapour on the contact angle and the wetting properties in the system UO₂ -liquid steel at the liquidus temperature of the steel ($\text{T= 1690}$ K) was measured using the sessile drop technique. The contact angle was 111.5° and the surface energy of steel 1.16 J/m².The surfaces and the interface of the system were investigated using scanning Auger spectroscopy and showed the presence of sodium at the interface (UO₂-stainless steel 1.4970) and its absence from the surfaces of the steel and UO₂. It can be concluded that sodium vapour does not influence the surface energy of UO². Using the known value for the surface energy of UO₂, the interfacial energy of 1.35 J/m² is obtained. The temperature for a wetting angle 0° was calculated to be 2380 K.     

Effect of Auger neutralization on yields of He ions backscattered and alkali ions sputtered from the surface of alkali halides by keV He ion impact

The yields of ions and neutrals backscattered and alkali ions sputtered from LiF crystals by keV He⁺ ion impact have been measured by means of the coaxial impact collision ion scattering spectroscopy in time of flight analysis mode using the charging-up effect. It is found that as the charging-up potential increases due to continuous irradiation of the pulsed ion beam, the time of flight of the He⁺ ions backscattered shifts toward the shorter time, while that of the neutrals backscattered shifts toward the longer, and that of Li ions sputtered also shifts much more clearly toward the shorter. The charging-up potential has been estimated as a function of irradiation time of the pulsed ion beam from the time of flight data and the ion to neutral ratio in the backscattering yields is estimated to be about 0.15. The mechanisms for ionization on He and sputtering of alkali ions are discussed in terms of charging-up and trion (bihole and electron) produced by Auger neutralization of keV He⁺ ions at the target surface.     

Improvement of plasma uniformity and mechanical properties of Cr films deposited on the inner surface of a tube by an auxiliary anode near the tube tail

In order to improve the length of plasma in a whole tube and mechanical properties of Cr films deposited on the inner surface of the tube, a high-power impulse magnetron sputtering coating method with a planar cathode target and auxiliary anode was proposed. The auxiliary anode was placed near the tube tail to attract plasma into the inner part of the tube. Cr films were deposited on the inner wall of a 20# carbon steel tube with a diameter of 40 mm and length of 120 mm. The influence of auxiliary anode voltage on the discharge characteristics of the Cr target, and the structure and mechanical properties of Cr films deposited on the inner surface of the tube were explored. With higher auxiliary anode voltage, an increase in substrate current was observed, especially in the tube tail. The thickness uniformity, compactness, hardness and H/E ratios of the Cr films deposited on the inner surface of the tube increased with the increase in auxiliary anode voltage. The Cr films deposited with auxiliary anode voltage of 60 V exhibited the highest hardness of 9.6 GPa and the lowest friction coefficient of 0.68.     

2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧自由基对低温等离子辐射聚氨酯膜表面过氧自由基的研究

采用2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶-1-氧自由基(2,2,6,6-Tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxyl radical,TEMPO)法,测定了经氧气低温等离子体处理后聚氨酯膜表面过氧自由基的浓度,探讨了等离子轰击时间、等离子放电功率、在空气中放置时间等因素对等离子体处理后自由基浓度的影响.在经测定获得的自由基浓度较高的条件下,引发聚氨酯与丙烯酸的接枝聚合,验证了TEMPO法的可行性,讨论了聚合时间对接枝率的影响.丙烯酸在聚氨酯膜表面的接枝共聚由扫描电子显微镜得到确认.在等离子放电功率为600W,放电时间为180s时所测定的自由基浓度最高,相应的接枝率较高.实验结果表明,TEMPO法是一种有效的测定自由基浓度的方法.     

Study on the behavior of oxygen atoms in swift heavy ion irradiated CeO2 by means of synchrotron radiation X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

To study the effects of swift heavy ion irradiation on cerium dioxide (CeO₂), CeO₂ sintered pellets were irradiated with 200 MeV Xe ions at room temperature. For irradiated and unirradiated samples, the spectra of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were measured. XPS spectra for the irradiated samples show that the valence state of Ce atoms partly changes from +4 to +3. The amount of Ce³⁺ state was quantitatively obtained as a function of ion-fluence. The relative amount of oxygen atom displacements, which are accompanied by the decrease in Ce valence state, is 3-5%. This value is too large to be explained in terms of elastic interactions between CeO₂ and 200 MeV ions. The experimental result suggests the contribution of 200 MeV Xe induced electronic excitation to the displacements of oxygen atoms.     

Effect of swift heavy ion irradiation on the surface morphology of highly c-axis oriented LSMO thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition

A detailed investigation of the surface morphology of the pristine and swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiated La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO₃ (LSMO) thin film using atomic force microscope (AFM) is presented. Highly c-axis oriented LSMO thin films were grown on LaAlO₃ (1 0 0) (LAO) substrates by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. The films were annealed at 800 °C for 12 h in air (pristine films) and subsequently, irradiated with SHI of oxygen and silver. The incident fluence was varied from 1 × 10¹² to 1 × 10¹⁴ ions/cm² and 1 × 10¹¹ to 1 × 10¹² ions/cm² for oxygen and silver ions, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies reveal that the irradiated films are strained. From the AFM images, various details pertaining to the surface morphology such as rms roughness (σ), the surface rms roughness averaged over an infinite large image (σ_∞), fractal dimension (D_F) and the lateral coherence length (ξ) were estimated using the length dependent variance measurements. In case of irradiated films, the surface morphology shows drastic modifications, which is dependent on the nature of ions and the incident fluence. However, the surface is found to remain self-affine in each case. In case of oxygen ion irradiated films both, σ_∞ and D_F are observed to increase with fluence up to a dose value of 1 × 10¹³ ions/cm². With further increase in dose value both σ_∞ and D_F decreases. In case of silver ion irradiated films, σ_∞ and D_F decrease with increase in fluence value in the range studied.     

Influence on the structural characteristic of defect solid solution GdxZr1−xO2−x/2 with 0.18 ? x ? 0.62 under longer term annealing studied by Gd Mössbauer spectroscopy

Three kinds of defect solid solution Gd_xZr_1−xO_2−x/2 with 0.18 ? x ? 0.62, including the three single crystal samples with x = 0.21, 0.26 and 0.30, were investigated by ¹⁵⁵Gd Mössbauer spectroscopy at 12 K. Difference in the structural characteristic under longer term annealing were confirmed by comparing the ¹⁵⁵Gd Mössbauer parameters of the polycrystalline samples sintered one time and twice at 1773 K for 16 h in air, respectively. The results indicated that the polycrystalline samples sintered twice have relatively equilibrated structure by comparing with the three single crystal samples. After being sintered twice, basically the local structure around the Gd³⁺ ions does not change, but the degree of the displacements of the six 48f oxygen ions from positions of cubic symmetry becomes slightly smaller, and distribution of the Gd³⁺ ions in the system becomes more homogeneous.     

添加水蒸气对CH4-CO2重整催化剂Ni/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3中Ni组分结构影响的EXAFS研究

采用水热合成法制备了Ni/CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3催化剂。进行了添加和不添加水蒸气的CH4－CO2催化重整反应,测量了积碳量,并用EXAFS手段测试了催化剂Ni的K吸收边。结果表明,反应前后最近邻Ni-Ni配位距离无明显变化,而配位数却变化明显。无水蒸气反应后Ni-Ni配位数有较大幅度的减少;而添加了水蒸气,Ni-Ni配位数比反应前减少幅度小。水蒸气的添加能减少积碳量,稳定催化剂中Ni的结构,从而提高催化反应的稳定性。     

Group theory transformation for Soret and Dufour effects on free convective heat and mass transfer with thermophoresis and chemical reaction over a porous stretching surface in the presence of heat source/sink

The group theoretic method is applied for solving the problem of combined effect of thermal diffusion and diffusion thermo on free convective heat and mass transfer over a porous stretching surface in the presence of thermophoresis particle deposition with variable stream conditions. The application of one-parameter groups reduces the number of independent variables by one and consequently, the system of governing partial differential equations with the boundary conditions reduces to a system of ordinary differential equations with appropriate boundary conditions. The equations along with the boundary conditions are solved numerically by using Runge Kutta Gill integration scheme with shooting technique. Impact of Soret and Dufour effects in the presence of thermophoresis particle deposition with chemical reaction plays an important role on the flow field. The results thus obtained are presented graphically and discussed.