Reliability and maintainability analysis to improve the operation of the limoncello production line

The reliability, maintainability, failure rate and repair rate models of a limoncello automated production line for a period of 8 months at machine and entire line level were carried out. It was pointed out that (i) the real operating time of the limoncello production line (LPL) is 89.35%, whereas for the rest 10.65%, the LPL is under repair, (ii) the Weibull distribution provided the best fit of the failure data for the LPL to describe the time‐between‐failures (TBFs), whereas the time‐to‐repairs (TTRs) are lognormal distributed, and (iii) the failure rate of the production line increases, implying that the current maintenance strategy is not adequate and must be improved. This particular methodology can also be utilised in the beverage industry sector by the machinery manufacturers and the manufacturers of bottled products to improve the design and operation management of the bottling production line.     

Bovine leukemia virus alters growth properties and casein synthesis in mammary epithelial cells

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is widespread in US dairy herds, yet only about 1% of infected cattle develop bovine leukosis and are culled from the herd. A major concern is whether BLV infection of dairy cows alters milk yield. Although several studies have examined the effect of BLV on milk production in vivo, the results were inconclusive. No in vitro studies have been done. The discovery of BLV in mammary epithelial cells (MEC) of infected cows raises the possibility that the virus could affect these cells directly. The purpose of this study was to use an in vitro system to determine if BLV could alter milk yield by altering cell number and/or milk production per cell. A short-term cell line established from the MEC of a BLV-negative cow, and a proven casein-producer mouse cell line, Comma D, were stably transfected with a plasmid containing the entire BLV genome. Untransfected parental lines served as negative controls. The BLV-containing bovine MEC line has a reduced population-doubling time, higher saturation density, and increased longevity. The Comma D line is an already-transformed cell line, and growth properties did not change after transfection with BLV. Under appropriate differentiation conditions, both the bovine and mouse MEC transfected with BLV displayed decreased casein production and mRNA synthesis compared with control cell lines without BLV. Our results suggest that effects of BLV infection on milk production may not be related solely to overall animal health but may also be mediated directly at a cellular level.     

奥地利SML兰精公司丙纶长丝纺丝机

随着丙纶市场需求的日益增长,兰精公司不断进行新产品的创新开发,拥有一系列高性能、高产量、多用途的各种长丝纺丝机(BCF,POY,FDY,MDY)。到目前为止,已经有数百台长丝纺丝机在世界各地成功运转生产,Austrofil纺丝机已经成为丙纶长丝高质量生产设备的标志,SML兰精公司也成为丙纶长丝生产线交钥匙工程的主要供应商。     

Linux内核中双口RAM驱动开发及在大圆机控制系统中的应用

在三星S3C6410硬件平台上,开发了基于Linux3.0.1内核的双口RAM驱动程序。双口RAM驱动程序遵循"机制"与"策略"相分离的设计思想,实现了对双口RAM随意读、写操作的机制。根据该操作机制和大直径提花圆纬机的控制特点,设计了应用程序对双口RAM的访问策略。实验结果表明,大圆机控制系统启动时能加载双口RAM驱动程序并正确识别双口RAM,大圆机控制系统能通过双口RAM实现上下位机的参数传递。     

能源管理系统在精制糖厂中的应用

阐述了目前节能减排在制糖行业的重要性,通过对精制糖企业现有能源管理模式的分析,系统地介绍了能源管理系统在精制糖企业的设计、实施与应用情况。通过系统对各种能源介质和重点耗能设备的实时监控,以及对能源消耗情况进行全面的分析,从而制定合理的能源供给计划,做到科学决策,确保生产与能源系统的安全、可靠及高效运行,达到节能降耗的目的。     

高速无菌灌装压力监测系统——智能传感器SMARTSENSOR控制系统

高速无菌灌装生产线上建立的喷嘴压力智能传感器SMARTSENSOR控制系统,是针对PET瓶无菌吹灌旋生产线远程诊断与维护的研制与示范应用,建立的故障数据采集、故障数据模型等,而形成的高速无菌灌装设备喷嘴压力检测智能化控制系统,该系统目前国内还没有相关的技术基础。该项研究设计,已应用在了“十三五”国家重点研发计划重点专项(2018YFD04000904)示范线上。     

浅谈中密度纤维板生产线物料搬运系统及其自动化

分析典型中密度纤维板生产线中物料搬运系统的设备配置、自动化应用,为同类生产线的设计、建设、使用与维护提供参考。     

应用频闪原理的选针器频率检测系统设计

选针器是圆机电子提花技术中的关键执行机构,其工作性能的好坏将直接影响到圆机提花的准确性和可靠性,为此,针对现有电子选针器检测系统检测效率低、可靠性差、成本高等问题,利用频闪成像原理,运用嵌入式控制技术并采用模块化设计方法,设计了一种基于嵌入式处理器STM32和可编程逻辑器件的选针器频率检测系统。实际检测效果表明,该系统可实现对选针器刀头故障的有效检测,并且具有良好的稳定性、可靠性和并行控制能力。目前该检测系统已经在选针器生产企业实际应用。应用效果显示,该检测系统可提升电子选针器的稳定性、可靠性和生产效率。     

Restriction fragment length polymorphism assessment of the heterogeneous nature of maize population GT-MAS:gk and field evaluation of resistance to aflatoxin production by Aspergillus flavus.

Aflatoxin, produced by Aspergillus flavus, is one of the most toxic and carcinogenic substances known and contaminates many agricultural commodities such as corn, peanuts, cottonseed, and tree nuts. The challenge to breeders/plant pathologists is to identify lines that have resistance to aflatoxin production. Maize population GT-MAS:gk has been identified and released as a germplasm with resistance to aflatoxin contamination. In the present study, we assessed genetic divergence in the GT-MAS:gk population using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) DNA markers to survey 11 selfed inbred lines and conducted field evaluations for the dissimilarities in aflatoxin production among these inbred lines in comparison with a sister population, GT-MAS:pw.nf. The 11 selfed inbred lines were assayed for DNA polymorphism using 113 RFLP markers in 10 linkage groups covering 1,518.2 centimorgans (cM; unit of gene or chromosome size). Considerable variation among the inbreds was detected with RFLP markers, of which 42 probe-enzyme combinations gave 102 polymorphic bands. Cluster analysis based on genetic similarities revealed associations and variations among the tested lines. Three polymorphic groups were distinguished by cluster analysis. Two years of field evaluation data showed that aflatoxin concentrations among the lines were significantly different in both years (P < 0.001). Maturity data were also different. Thus, this study demonstrates that the maize population GT-MAS:gk is heterogeneous and that individuals may be different in resistance to A. flavus infection and aflatoxin production. Therefore, the most resistant lines should be inbred to increase homogeneity, and resistance should be confirmed through progeny testing.     

烟草细胞质雄性不育系SK01的胞质效应及特异性分子标记

为了鉴定项目组发现的K326雄性不育自然突变株SK01与生产应用的不育胞质sua-CMS的异同,分析其在烟草育种和生产中的应用潜力,本研究以tab1-CMS不育系SK01和其同核异质系K326为母本,分别与4个烤烟品种杂交构建2组F1代杂交种,在两个地点和人工气候室中比较8个F1代以及SK01和K326之间的主要农艺性状和抗病性差异,开展了tab1-CMS特异的DNA标记筛选。结果表明,SK01细胞质增强烟草杂交种F1代对CMV、黑胫病的抗性,对株高、茎围等农艺性状以及PVY、TMV抗性无显著的细胞质效应;叶绿体基因组trnC-trnD基因区间,扩增到可有效区分烟草不育胞质类型的1个588 bp的特异性片段。本研究发现的不育胞质tab1-CMS与生产应用的sua-CMS类型不育系有明显差异,对农艺性状和抗病性无明显的不利影响,是一种有一定应用潜力的不育细胞质新突变类型。     

Milling performance in desi‐type chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.): effects of genotype,environment and seed size

BACKGROUND: Commercial experience suggests that desi chickpea cultivars vary in their milling quality. However, the relative effects of cultivar, growing environment and their interaction are unknown. This study examined the Australian pulse quality method for its effectiveness in comparing the milling quality of breeding lines. The main aims were (1) to determine if there were significant genotypic differences, (2) to quantify the effects of trial, testa content and seed size and (3) to determine if any of the milling quality or seed parameters were correlated. This information would then be used to improve the reliability and efficiency of testing breeding lines. RESULTS: Large genotypic differences were observed for the milling parameters dehulling efficiency (DE) and splitting yield (SY). The range was greater for SY (16.6%) than for DE (5.8%). Genotype × Trial interactions were significant for DE and SY, while genotype rankings were generally consistent between trials. Seed size and testa content were not significantly associated with either DE or SY. Environmental stresses that affected yield did not appear to influence milling results. CONCLUSION: The methodology used in this study was able to measure genotypic differences in milling quality. The results suggest that an efficient protocol for testing milling quality of chickpea genotypes would include analysis of at least two sites early in the breeding programme to discard very‐low‐SY genotypes, and further testing in subsequent years including at least one other site to identify high‐SY genotypes if desired. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

现代化造纸厂的润滑维护管理

就生产中涉及到的重要润滑部位和油品的更换参考数据、润滑管理等内容进行综述，以帮助企业建立良好的润滑管理秩序。     

The effect of genetic merit and production system on dairy cow fertility, measured using progesterone profiles and on-farm recording

The recent decline in dairy cow fertility appears to be a feature of several countries and is often linked to increased milk production, but its causes are not always obvious. A fully recorded 200-cow dairy herd, split into 2 genetic lines maintained on 2 production systems, was used to investigate the relationship between several measures of fertility, production, and energy balance. The 2 genetic lines were composed of a selection line, derived from the highest genetic merit bulls available, and a control line, maintained at the average of UK genetic merit at the time of mating. The production systems were a high-concentrate and a high-forage system. Thrice-weekly milk progesterone samples allowed an objective measurement of luteal cycling activity, and farm observations of estrus, services, and calving provided data on various measures of fertility. Energy balance in early lactation was calculated from daily live weight and weekly BCS measurements. Control line cows commenced luteal activity (C-LA) 6 d before selection line cows, had their first heat 14 d earlier, and had longer gestation periods by 3.7 d. They also had a lower incidence of silent heats. Cows on the high-forage system commenced luteal activity 6 d before those on the high-concentrate system, had longer gestation intervals by 3.9 d, held to first service better, had longer luteal phases and shorter interluteal periods in their estrus cycles. Characteristics of energy balance were used to see if they could account for the fertility differences between both genetic lines and systems. The commencement of luteal activity and day of first heat were analyzed using a REML mixed model approach. Mean energy content and mean energy balance over the first 25 d of lactation had an effect on C-LA and accounted for the differences found between production systems but not genetic lines. Day of energy balance nadir, mean energy content in the first 25 d, and C-LA affected day of first heat, but the differences between genetic lines were still apparent. These results suggest a link between high performance and reduced dairy cow fertility; high performance originating from different feeding systems was largely due to differences in energy balance, whereas those originating from genetics remained when energy balance characteristics were taken into account. This suggests a real genetic change in fertility due to selection for high genetic merit.     

The HACCP concept: identification of potentially hazardous micro-organisms

The hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) concept is becoming an increasingly important aspect of Good Manufacturing Practices in safe food production. HACCP is a systematic means of controlling any microbiological hazard that may arise in a food processing or handling operation and aims to identify problems before they occur. The first step is to establish the hazardous organisms associated with a particular food product. An approach is presented here that permits identification of potentially hazardous bacteria. It is based on a list of all those bacteria that are known to cause foodborne disease in man. Following an evaluation of raw materials, the production process, possibilities for contamination etc., deletions from or additions to the list are made. For the organisms that are retained, it is necessary to determine whether or not they have caused foodborne disease involving identical or related food products. Where this is not the case, the organism can be deleted. In cases of doubts, an organism should not be deleted from the list of potentially hazardous agents. A more evaluation of the hazards will be made during the identification of critical control points (CCPs) and the setting of control criteria at each CCP.     

Genetic aspects of growth of Holstein-Friesian dairy cows from birth to maturity

In general, genetic selection is applied after first calving to traits that manifest themselves during the animal's productive life, mostly during the early part of productive life. This selection policy has had undesirable correlated responses in other economically important traits, such as health and fertility, and may also have had an effect on the growth of animals both during productive life and before first calving. In this study, we analyzed the growth trajectory of dairy heifers that had been selected for maximum production of combined fat and protein (measured in kg; select line) or for average production (control line) in the United Kingdom. Before first calving, these divergent lines were managed as a single group. Select line heifers grew faster than did control line heifers. They were also heavier at first calving, but by the end of 3 lactations, the lines were not significantly different in live weight. Selection primarily for yield and for other traits has led to heifers that grow faster and reach higher growth rates earlier in life. A genetic analysis of birth, weaning, and calving weights yielded heritability estimates of 0.53 (birth weight), 0.45 (weaning weight), and 0.75 (calving weight). Confidence intervals for the genetic correlations between the traits indicated that these BW traits are not under the same genetic control.     

Identification of spoilage yeasts in a food-production chain by microsatellite polymerase chain reaction fingerprinting

A survey of yeast strains present in the production chain of mayonnaise and salad dressings was carried out over a period of 14 months. Attempts were made to identify the isolated yeasts with the API system, but identification of all species involved was not possible. In the investigation the performance of the microsatellite polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fingerprinting analysis with the microsatellite oligonucleotide primers (GAC)₅and (GTG)₅appeared to be superior. Several yeast species were encountered in the production lines but only the speciesZygosaccharomyces bailiiandZygosaccharomyces bisporuswere present in the final products. Only microsatellite PCR fingerprinting analysis allowed discrimination between species of theZygosaccharomycesgenus. In addition, the PCR-based technique allowed the discrimination of different types within theZ. bailiispecies.Z. bailiistrains isolated from spoiled products displayed PCR-fingerprinting types that appeared to be identical to some of those generated by strains isolated from one specific production line. This suggested that microsatellite PCR fingerprinting is useful in tracing back the origin of spoilage outbreaks, and that it can be applied in microbiological quality assurance monitoring systems in industrial environments.