以TPBi为发光主体的蓝光OLED器件研究

采用真空热蒸镀技术,以TPBi为蓝光主体材料制备了一类多层结构的蓝色有机发光二极管(OLED),其结构为:ITO / CuPc(30 nm)/NPB(40 nm)/TPBi(30 nm)∶GDI691(x%)/Alq3(20 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(50 nm),其中x%为发光层掺杂浓度,实验中分别取1%,2%,3%和4%.从测试结果分析可知:蓝色OLED器件的电流-电压特性曲线,亮度-电压曲线,亮度-电流曲线及效率等光电性能随着掺杂浓度的变化而改变.当掺杂浓度为3%,驱动电压为15 V时,可获得稳定的蓝光器件,其最大亮度为6 827 cd·m-2,色坐标CIE为x=0.147,y=0.215 ,最大流明效率为6.77 lm·W-1,电致发光光谱的峰值为468 nm.     

发光层掺杂蓝色OLED的光电性能研究

采用真空热蒸镀技术,在不同的掺杂浓度下,制备了4种双异质型结构的蓝色有机电致发光器件(OLED),其结构为ITO/CuPc(30 nm)/NPB(40 nm)/TPBi(30 nm):GDI691(x%)/Alq3(20 nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(50 nm),其中x%为发光层掺杂浓度,分别取1、2、3和4 %.从实验结果分析可知:蓝色OLED的电流-电压(I-V)特性曲线、亮度-电压(L-V)曲线、亮度-电流(L-I)曲线及效率等光电性能随着发光层掺杂浓度的变化而改变.当驱动电压为15 V、掺杂浓度为3%时,器件可获得最大亮度6100 cd·m-2,色坐标CIE为x=0.147、y=0.215,最大流明效率为1.221 m·W-1,电致发光(EL)发光光谱的峰值为468 nm.     

高亮度绿色OLED的制备与光电性能研究

利用高精度膜厚控制仪,实现有机薄膜功能材料真空热蒸镀,制备了一种多层结构ITO/CuPc(20nm)/α-NPD(60nm)/Alq3(40nm):C545T(2%)/Alq3(20nm/LiF(1nm)/Al(100nm),获得了发射峰位于525nm稳定的绿色有机电致发光二极管(OLED),其起亮电压为2.5V,驱动电压在20V时亮度为10,500cd·m-2,色坐标(CIE)x=0.331、y=0.625,最大流明效率为3.921m·W-1。     

双层结构有机电致发光器件发光层厚度的优化研究

以TPD为空穴传输层,Alq3为发光层兼做电子传输层,用真空蒸镀方法制备了双层结构ITO/TPD/Alq3/Mg∶Ag器件,并系统地研究了发光层厚度对器件发光性能的影响.通过固定TPD厚度为40 nm,Alq3层厚度x分别为20,30,40,50,60和70 nm,共制备了六种结构的器件.结果表明,器件电流随着x的增大而减小,启亮电压随着x的增加而增大,而器件亮度和流明效率随着x的增大先增大再减小;x=40 nm的器件在15 V电压下具有最大亮度值13 750 cd/m2,在5 V电压下具有最大流明效率值0.862 lm/W.     

有机层界面对有机电致发光器件性能的影响

采用真空蒸镀的方法,制备了以ITO/2T-NATA(15 nm)/NPB(25 nm)/Alq3(30nm)/LiF(1 nm)/Al(100 nm)为基本结构的绿光器件,实验中在NPB(25 nm)与Alq3(30 nm)有机层界面处加入周期性不同的NPB(10 nm)/Alq3(10 nm)结构的有机层.通过实验测得的数据,研究了周期性的空穴传输层与发光层结合这种特殊结构对绿光器件发光性能的影响.根据实验结果,发现在有机层界面处,加入周期不同的NPB(10 nm)/Alq3(10 nm)层虽然会提高器件的起亮电压,但会改善器件的发光效率,而对器件的发光波长与发光区域以及发光亮度影响不大.     

空穴注入层2T-NATA对OLED器件性能的影响

为了提高有机电致发光器件OLED的发光效率,引入2T-NATA作为空穴注入层,制备了结构为ITO/2T-NATA(Xnm)/NPB(25nm)/Alq3:C545T(20nm:质量分数4.5%)/Alq3(30nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(100nm)的绿光器件,其中X为空穴注入层2T-NATA厚度。分析了2T-NATA的蒸镀厚度分别0,5,10,15,20,25,30,35nm时器件的发光性能。结果表明,2T-NATA的HOMO能级较好的与ITO功函数匹配,降低了空穴注入势垒,引入空穴注入层2T-NATA提高了器件的发光亮度和效率。当2T-NATA厚度为15nm时,器件的效果最好,起亮电压只需2.87V,亮度最高达到18000cd/m2,是不引入空穴注入层亮度的5倍多,在12V时发光效率可达11.4cd/A。     

功能层界面制备方法对OLED性能的影响

在功能层界面处采用各功能材料共蒸的方法,制备了典型的绿光有机发光器件(OLED)。器件的结构为ITO/NPB(37nm)/(NPB:Alq3)(3nm)/Alq3(27nm):C545T(3%)/Alq3(20nm)/LiF(1nm)/Al(100nm),并与传统的制备方法进行了比较。结果发现,起亮电压从4.5V降低到2.5V,最高耐压从16V提高到21V,最大亮度从13 940cd/m2提高到24 630cd/m2,发光效率由7.0cd/A提高到11.4cd/A。结果表明,本文方法有利于载流子传输,可以有效提高激子形成概率,提高了OLED发光效率。     

以CzHQZn为主体的有机发光器件的发光效率

采用真空热蒸镀技术,分别制备了结构为ITO/2T-NATA(25nm)/CzHQZn(10～25nm)/TPBi(35nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al、ITO/2T-NATA(30nm)/CBP:6%Ir(ppy)3:x%CzHQZn(20nm)/Alq3(50nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al和ITO/2T-NATA(30nm)/CBP:6%Ir(ppy)3:10%CzHQZn(xnm)/Alq3((70-x)nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al的3组有机电致发光器件(OLED)。器件中,CzHQZn既有空穴传输特性,又是黄光发射的主体。为了提高其发光效率,利用磷光敏化技术,研究了掺杂层中不同掺杂浓度和掺杂层不同厚度时器件的发光效率。结果表明,器件的效率随着掺杂发光层的厚度和掺杂浓度的变化而改变,当发光层的厚度为18nm时,CzHQZn掺杂浓度为10%的器件性能较好;在10V电压下,器件的最大电流效率达到3.26cd/A,色坐标为(0.4238,0.5064),最大亮度达到17560cd/m2。     

LiF层作为空穴阻挡层的绿色OLED的光电性能研究

采用真空热蒸镀方法,制备了四种Delta掺杂结构OLED器件,其结构为：ITO/m-MTDATA（50nm）/LiF（xnm）/NPB（10nm）/Alq（5nm）/C545T（0.05nm）/Alq（55nm）/LiF（1nm）/Al,都获得了性能稳定的绿色OLED器件。从实验结果分析可知：绿色OLED器件的电流-电压（I-V）特性曲线、亮度-电压（L-V）曲线、亮度-电流（L-I）曲线及效率等光电性能随着LiF厚度的变化而随之改变。从其中总结规律,对OLED器件制作工艺有一定的指导作用。     

双量子阱OLED正负磁电阻的调控

通过改变发光层的厚度,制备了一种双量子阱结构的有机电致发光器件(OLEDs),其结构为ITO/2T-NATA(20nm)/NPBX(50nm)/[Alq3:2%C545(dnm)/Alq3(3nm)]2/Alq3(17nm)/LiF(0.9nm)/Al。在常温下研究了器件的发光层在不同厚度(d=10,15,20和25nm)时的磁电阻(MR,magnetoresistance)特性。实验结果表明,在10V驱动电压的作用下,在相同磁场强度下,器件的厚度越大,电阻率也越大;在驱动电压为10V时,随着磁场强度的增加,10nm厚器件的MR随着磁场的增加而增大,表现正MR特性;而15、20和25nm厚3种器件的MR随着磁场强度的增强先减小后增加并趋于饱和状态,发光层越厚,MR减小的幅度越大,且都表现出负MR特性;获得最大的MR为-10.32%。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks     

Call for Papers—Feature Topic,Vol.12,No.7,2015

正Information Centric Networking Information-Centric Networking(ICN) is an emerging direction in Future Internet architecture research,gaining significant tractions among academia and industry.Aiming to replace the conventional host-to-host communication model by a data-centric model,ICN treats data content as the first