Coil Protection for a Utility Scale Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage Plant

Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) is proposed for electric utility load leveling. Attractive costs, high diurnal energy efficiency (> 92%), and rapid response are advantages relative to other energy storage technologies. Recent industry-led efforts have produced a conceptual design for a 5000 MWh/1000 MW energy storage plant which is technically feasible at commercially attractive estimated costs. The SMES plant design includes a protection system which prevents damage to the magnetic coil if events require a rapid discharge of stored energy. This paper describes the design and operation of the coil protection system, which is primarily passive and uses the thermal capacity of the coil itself to absorb the stored electromagnetic energy.     

基于间接Hamilton化理论的超导储能控制设计

采用超导储能装置(Superconducting magnetic energy storage,SMES)的二阶模型,得到含SMES的单机无穷大电力系统模型。进而利用Lagrange化和间接Hamilton化理论,构造了该动态系统的Hamilton函数,并提出相应的SMES的稳定控制策略。最后,利用Matlab进行仿真验证了笔者所提出控制律的正确性和有效性。结果表明,在大干扰的情况下,基于间接Hamilton化理论所设计的超导储能控制器能使系统快速地恢复到稳定运行状态,提高电力系统的暂态稳定性。     

超导储能系统提高风电场暂态稳定性研究

应用超导储能系统(SMES)对提高风电场的暂态稳定性进行了研究。在深入研究超导储能系统运行原理的基础上,建立了基于电压型换流器(VSC)的超导储能系统模型,实现了有功功率和无功功率的解耦控制,并提出了有功、无功功率综合控制策略。利用PSCAD/EMTDC软件进行了仿真计算,结果说明超导储能系统不但能够在风速波动时平滑风电场的功率输出,而且能够提高风电系统的暂态稳定性。     

高温超导磁储能装置功率调节特性实验研究

介绍了所研制的直接冷却式高温超导磁储能(SMES)系统,通过动模实验研究了具有电流源型逆变器SMES装置的功率调节特性,包括装置的储能、有功功率和无功功率调节过程和特性等。研究结果表明,该装置具有快速有效与系统交换功率的能力,可以在四象限内进行有功功率和无功功率独立调节,从而为实现电力系统动态不平衡功率补偿创造了条件。     

Large Scale Energy Storage for Renewable Energy

<正>As the energy demand and the concern on the environmental impact progressively increase,the renewable energy collected from renewable resources such as sunlight,wind,and tides,plays a more and more important role in providing energy for our daily lives and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. One of the problems associated with the renewable energy sources is their variability. For example,solar and wind power tend to fluctuate based upon whether     

超导储能提高电力系统暂态稳定性理论探讨

超导储能装置(Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage devices,SMES)现已在电力系统中获得了越来越多的应用。对储能装置串并联接入系统的2种情况进行分析,通过理论推导得出了储能装置的加入可以提高线路输送容量以及提高系统暂态稳定裕度的结论,探讨论证了储能技术提高电力系统暂态稳定性的理论依据。最后,在四机两区域系统上,进行了仿真研究,验证了超导储能装置在改善电力系统暂态稳定性,抑制系统振荡方面的效果。     

Techno-economic analysis of MJ class high temperature Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) systems applied to renewable power grids

High temperature Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage (SMES) systems can exchange energy with substantial renewable power grids in a small period of time with very high efficiency. Because of this distinctive feature, they store the abundant wind power when the power network is congested and release the energy back to the system when there is no congestion. However, considering the cost and lifespan of SMES systems, there is an urgent demand to conduct a cost-benefit analysis to justify its role in smart grid development. This study explores the application and performs economic analysis of a 5 MJ SMES in a practical renewable power system in China based on the PSCAD/ EMTDC software. An optimal location of SMES in Zhangbei wind farm is presented using real power transmission parameters. The stabilities of the renewable power grid with and without SMES are discussed. In addition, a financial feasibility study is conducted by comparing the cost and the savings from wind power curtailment of deploying SMES and battery. The economic analysis tries to find the balance between SMES investment cost and wind farm operation cost by using real data over a calendar year. The technical analysis can help guide the optimal allocation of SMES for compensating power system instability with substantial wind power. Further, the economic analysis provides a useful indication of its practical application feasibility to fight the balance between cost and benefit.     

Utility Operation of Battery Energy Storage at the Best Facility

Battery Energy Storage Test (BEST) Facility experiences with utility-sited and operated battery energy storage produce information about shipment, installation, safety, operation, maintenance, efficiency, capacity, responsiveness and power quality of the systems tested. This paper presents information in each of these categories derived from baseline testing of 500 kWh developmental zinc chloride and peak-shaving demonstration lead-acid batteries, and from one-year of cycling the BEST Facility's 1.8 MWh lead-acid, facility shakedown battery. Conclusions from testing are guiding the further development of these technologies.     

利用植物能量储存系统贮存太阳能的创新

以前,太阳能只能作为白天使用的能源。直到如今,贮存额外的太阳能,供以后使用,由于受制于昂贵和低效的能量贮存系统,实际是不易实现的。美国麻省理工大学的研究人员受植物光合作用的启发,发明了1种简单、廉价且高效的存储太阳能的方法。这种方法需要的只是无公害的,且丰富的自然界的物质。     

含钠硫电池储能系统的微网多时间尺度能量管理策略

摘要： 针对包含钠硫电池储能系统的微电网,文中以微网运行成本最小化为目标,同时考虑钠硫电池的荷电状态和使用寿命,提出一种针对含钠硫电池储能系统微网的多时间尺度能量管理策略,分别对微网能量管理策略的日前调度和实时调度进行建模。最后以一个微网系统作为算例,通过日前调度结果和实时调度结果的比较分析可知,多时间尺度的能量管理策略可提高微电网运行效益,而实时调度计划基于超短期功率预测,可对日前调度计划进行较大程度的修正,保证微电网的经济优化运行。     

耦合抽水蓄能的压缩空气储能电站概念研究

目的  储能是发展新能源、实现碳达峰碳中和目标的基础条件,其中抽水蓄能是最主要的储能方式,但是抽水蓄能依赖地理条件,需要占用大量自然资源,优良的厂址资源十分有限。为了缓解抽水蓄能厂址资源需求与自然资源稀缺的矛盾,提出了一种耦合抽水蓄能的压缩空气储能系统,并从研究思路、概念方案和工程可行性进行分析,从而为抽水蓄能产业发展提供创新解决方案。 方法  围绕提高能量密度,以减小水库容量、降低水库高度差为突破点,运用压缩空气排水的方法,将水泵水轮机替换为压缩机和膨胀机,下库改为封闭结构的承压容器。储能时,压缩机将空气压缩至高压充入下库,并推挤下库内的水至上库。释能时,水从上库返回下库,下库内的压缩空气被推挤出,并经膨胀机释放。这可使相同条件下抽水蓄能的能量转换量提高数倍。为了论证耦合抽水蓄能的压缩空气储能电站的储能效果,设置上、下库高度差300 m,按照低性能和高性能两套设备参数,对40 MW/200 MWh的概念方案进行热力学分析和储能效率计算。 结果  结果表明：在低性能参数条件下,储能效率65.68%,在高性能参数条件下,储能效率70.81%;能量密度1.67 kWh/m³。 结论  耦合抽水蓄能的压缩空气储能系统可使水库容量或高度差大幅减小,大大降低厂址要求,并可使发展抽水蓄能受限的地区具备开发条件,且关键设备成熟,单位造价与常规抽水蓄能相近,技术经济上可行。     

考虑调峰与储能特性的抽蓄电站服务电网综合评价

在“双碳”总目标的引领下,新能源进入高速发展阶段,但其随机性和不稳定性给电网带来影响,需要配备大规模可灵活性调节的储能进行保障。抽水蓄能作为电力系统的主要调节电源,在促进新能源消纳、调峰、储能等方面发挥着重要作用;而综合评价抽蓄电站服务电网的能力,对于引导抽蓄电站合理运行和布局,以更好地发挥其作用具有重要意义。传统的抽水蓄能评价模型无法量化评价抽蓄的储能和促双碳的作用,该文提出了一种考虑调峰与储能特性的抽蓄电站服务电网综合评价方法。针对抽水蓄能调峰和储能的特点及其对双碳的促进作用,提出相关指标,建立抽蓄电站综合评价指标体系;由属性层次模型确定各层次指标的权重,引入物元可拓理论构建考虑调峰与储能特性的抽蓄电站服务电网综合评价模型;通过实例对所采用的综合评价模型进行验证分析。研究结果量化了抽蓄电站的储能和促双碳作用,可为“双碳”背景下抽水蓄能的综合评价提供支撑。     

CFETR聚变发电厂的储能技术适用性分析

目的  中国聚变工程实验堆（CFETR）具有功率周期性输出特性,无法直接满足常规发电设备的稳定连续输入需求,CFETR聚变发电厂需要在核岛和常规岛之间配置针对性的工艺系统。 方法  通过调研光热发电工程应用以及聚变发电相关研究,基于CFETR聚变堆初步预期性能,从储能与补能对比、储能技术类型、储热介质、储热系统方案等方面进行分析讨论。 结果  对于采用水冷包层、氦冷包层的聚变堆,分别推荐配置以氢化三联苯型导热油、Solar salt熔融盐为储热介质的间接式双罐显热储热系统,以保证发电侧系统的稳定连续运行。 结论  上述储能技术方案具备规模化商业应用条件,可为CFETR聚变发电厂的整体设计提供支撑。     

太阳能采暖的可行性分析

文章分析了我国能源现状，提出了利用太阳能采暖的优势和前景，并详细介绍了太阳能采暖系统的工作原理以及真空管和蓄热器的结构设计。     

浅谈能耗定额的制定

能源消耗定额的管理,是企业能源管理的重要内容之一,对于降低消耗,节约能源,提高经济效益,具有十分重要的意义。     

Increasing Coal-Fired Power Plant Operational Flexibility by Integrating Solar Thermal Energy and Compressed Air Energy Storage System

This paper proposed a novel integrated system with solar energy,thermal energy storage(TES),coal-fired power plant(CFPP),and compressed air energy storage(CAES) system to improve the operational flexibility of the CFPP.A portion of the solar energy is adopted for preheating the boiler ’s feedwater,and another portion is stored in the TES for the CAES discharging process.Condensate water from the CFPP condenser is used for cooling compressed air during the CAES charging process.The thermodynamic ...     

Experimental and Scale Analysis of a Solid/Liquid Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage System

ABSTRACT

A detailed experimental study has been carried out to evaluate the heat transfer performance of a solid/liquid phase-change thermal energy storage system. The phase-change material, 99% pure eicosane with a melting temperature of 36.5°C, was contained in a vertically oriented test cylinder that was cooled or heated at its outside boundary, resulting in radially inward freezing or melting, respectively. Detailed quantitative time-dependent temperature distributions and melt-front motion and shape data were obtained. In the freezing case study, a mathematical model was developed based on a one-dimensional analysis, which considered heat conduction as the only mode of heat transfer. In the melting case study, a heat transfer scale analysis was used to help interpret the data and development of heat transfer correlations. In the melting scale analysis, conduction heat transfer in the solid and natural convection heat transfer in liquid were considered. Comparison of experimental data with scale analysis predictions of the solid-liquid interface position and temperature distribution was performed. The analytical results agreed, in the worst case, within 10% of the experimental results in both melting and freezing cases. In the case of melting, scale analysis results agreed within 5% (after initial superheat disappeared in 50 minutes) with experimental results, and experimental results confirm the existence of four melting regions.     

风电场储能系统技术研究

本文主要介绍风电场储能系统组成部分及工作原理。根据在实时数字仿真系统RTDS环境下搭建的系统模型,研究投入储能系统前后,风电场有功功率间歇性波动和电压波动对电网的影响对比,为解决风力发电等新能源并网问题提供借鉴。