非接触式剥浆板的设计与使用效果

我厂新漂白采用三台25m~2真空洗浆机洗漂白荻苇浆,标高为12m(三层楼面上),未配真空泵与吹气剥浆风机,靠自由落差形成真空。洗鼓规格为(?)2600×3200mm,转速1～3r/min,采用P(?)型无级变速器传动。全套设备由我厂自行设计制造安装。于1987年初投产以来,运行情况曾一度不太理想,存在问题可归纳为:     

平面阀真空洗浆机剥浆辊改造

1平面阀真空洗浆机工作原理 牡丹江大宇制纸有限公司浆厂的洗浆机为ZNK2型平面分配阀真空洗浆机(简称平面阀真空洗浆机),滤网面积10m2,处理木浆能力50t/d.工作原理是:洗鼓转入液面后,经自然过滤、真空吸滤转出液面,再经鼓上置换洗涤、真空吸干后,用剥浆辊将洗鼓上的浆料进行剥离.     

广告目次

2007年3月底，福伊特为永丰余在江苏扬州纸厂供货的#2纸机成功投入运行。生产定量125～280g／m2的优质高强箱纸板和瓦楞原纸。纸机网宽5．36m，设计车速800m／min，产量900t／d。#2纸机包括3个长网，纸板底层的流浆箱配用ModuleJet稀释水控制系统；压榨部先是一个采用大辊径压榨的辊式压区，     

增加多孔预压辊 实现浆板机增产

我公司现有 3台浆板机,其中 1台为 XQ21151X2－ 2400mm长网多缸浆板机,为西安维美德造纸机械有限公司产品,原设计能力为 48t/d。虽然我公司经多次改进,车速由原来的 20～ 25m/min提高到 30～ 33m/min,生产能力逐步提高到 73t/d,并能够保证产品质量。但要想进一步提高生产能力,浆层入伏辊前的水分高是一大障碍。所以,我们对此浆板机实施改造,将重点放在降低浆层入伏辊前的含水量上。 　　浆板机所用真空泵为 ZBK－ 16A,真空度为 0. 04MPa,车速在 32m/min左右时,定量只能达到 650g/m2左右,如继续加大定量,则会压花断纸,影…     

改进双辊挤浆机滤鼓孔径的建议

不久前,笔者参观了两个厂的碱法竹浆生产车间,他们均采用鼓式真空洗浆机与双辊挤浆机串联提取竹浆黑液。其中一个厂的1台Φ900×2 000mm双辊挤浆机装在2台60m2鼓式真空洗浆机后面。而另一个厂的1台!900×3500mm双辊挤浆机以前是装在3列鼓式真空洗浆机前面(其中20m2 2列,共6台;30m2 1列,2台,1台为压力洗浆机),后来移到鼓式洗浆机后面,单台机的洗涤效率比装在前面高,并解决了改前3列洗浆机质量不一致给漂白造成困难的难题。该设备运行正常,出口黑浆干度在28%～30%之间。     

修旧利废 自制气液分离器

黑龙江北大荒纸业有限责任公司抄三车间于2009年将纸机提速到435m/min,网部吸水箱、真空伏辊真空泵（150kW）负荷始终处在偏超载下运行,尤其是生产80g/m2以上品种时,真空泵出现跳闸现象。每次跳闸均影响卷纸20min左右,由于负荷过大导致驱网辊（75kW）、真空伏辊（45kW）运转电流过大,速度周期波动,     

C型水平带式真空洗浆机使用初步

Ｃ型水平带式真空洗浆机使用初步（广西露塘造纸厂５４５０００）我厂使用２台山东济宁轻机厂产的１２ｍ２ＺＮＤＩＣ型水平带式真空洗浆机，用于蔗渣粗浆洗涤，每台配用２台ＺＢＫ１５Ａ型罗茨真空泵。目前洗净度基本稳定在０．０１～０．２ｇ／Ｌ之间，黑液相对密度在１...     

真空洗浆机水腿黑液回注口移位的效果

1真空洗浆机脱水原理分析我厂新洗浆工序选用10m2真空洗浆机，4台逆流洗涤，试运行期间虽不断完善各部工艺参数，但其日产量未能超过30t风干浆。不能满足纸机每天45t风干浆的需要量。1．1真空洗浆机安装标高为17．6m，有效水腿管长度为12m，垂直安装，可以排除水腿管自身的影响。1．2水腿管中滤液的流速该真空洗浆机最佳洗浆状态时的产量W＝1．4t（绝干）／h，入口浓度C1＝1．2％，出口浓度C2＝12．5％，每小时喷淋水用量W1＝15t，水腿管内径d＝202mm。则小时排水量水腿管滤液流速从计算结果看满足不了真空洗浆机水腿管中滤液流速一般为1…     

用旧毛毯做洗渣机滤网的上网方法

我厂碱回收车间，为了解决苛化工段10m2真空谈渣机滤网使用寿命短的问题，借鉴了佳木斯造纸厂利用纸机用过的旧毛毯（针刺毛毯）代替预挂式白泥过滤机滤网的经验，提出了采用旧毛毯代替真空洗渣机滤网的设想。但由于旧的针刺毛毯质地既硬又厚（实测定量1400g／m2），我们无法使木制压条将洗鼓表面上的滤网（毛毯）压到各按缝中。为了达到既易上网，又能使洗鼓各室分开的目的，我们采用了新的上网操作方法（见图）。我们采用上网前使木制压条在洗鼓表面上的各挤缝中固定，在网上与各挤缝相对应的位置用扁钢使滤网固定的方法，使其达到分开洗…     

美特轻机

新技术，利益与您共分享１．GLS型气液分离器及FPB型滤液泵引进技术。安装于纸机与真空泵之间，在真空度６６０mmHg（８８kPa）的高负压状态下连续分离气液、排除液体，从而提高纸机车速，降低真空泵能耗。１３０余台套该产品正在国内３０余家大中型纸厂良好运行。流量：１５～６５m３／h，扬程１５～２０m。２．SYS１３５型疏压筛引进技术。分散纤维束与筛选纤维、去除杂质同时进行，日处理５０～９０t，配套电机仅１８．５kW，打浆度提高５～６°SR。３．MZJ型方浆池搅拌器引进技术。托架式，占地很小，减速箱或皮带传动，故障率极…     

Changes in smoking prevalence in Ukraine in 2001-5

Objectives

To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.

Design

Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.

Main outcome measure

Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.

Results

The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.

Conclusions

In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.⁶ Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.⁷ In Ukraine, two studies^3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.     

2010年河南省部分食品中重金属污染状况分析

了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。     

Moulds and mycotoxins in sorghum stored in traditional containers in India

Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B₁ and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low.     

中国固态发酵白酒中功能细菌研究进展

细菌是白酒酿造3大类微生物之一,其在白酒生产中有着重要的作用,如:芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、放线菌和梭菌等,它们能产生酯类、有机酸、吡嗪、萜烯等微量成分,从而影响白酒的风味与品质。基于细菌在白酒中的重要功能以及微生物分离培养技术和分析检测技术的进步,近年来相关研究越来越深入。该文综述了近年来白酒功能细菌的研究进展,介绍了酿酒各个环节中主要功能细菌及其在白酒中的作用,旨在为白酒功能细菌的研究提供参考。     

2010年山西省食品中食源性致病菌监测分析

目的 了解山西省食源性致病菌的污染现状.方法 按照2010年度《全国食源性致病菌监测工作手册》进行.结果 1 576份样品中共检出阳性菌株149株,检出率为9.45％,其中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性弧菌污染比较严重,总检出率为9.50％和8.22％,金黄色葡萄球菌、阪崎肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的总检出率分别为3.02％、1.11％和0.87％.不同类别食品中致病菌的检出率差异较大,生肉中致病菌的检出率高居榜首为49.33％,主要污染菌为沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌;沙拉中致病菌的检出率为17.39％,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌;生食水产品中致病菌的检出率为16.94％,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性孤菌;熟肉制品中致病菌的检出率为9.84％,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌;中式凉拌菜中致病菌的检出率为8.89％,主要污染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌;鲜榨果汁中致病菌的检出率为6.67％,主要污染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌;鲜冻水产品中致病菌的检出率为5.00％,主要污染菌为副溶血性弧菌;婴幼儿配方粉/米粉/谷粉/豆奶粉中阪崎杆菌的检出率为1.11％.结论 山西省多种食品均存在食源性致病菌不同程度的污染,应加大对散装食品、即食食品和生食水产品的监管.