氟橡胶/碳纳米复合材料研究进展

碳纳米材料是指分散相尺度至少有一维小于100 nm的碳材料,包括碳纳米管(CNT)、石墨烯、富勒烯等。近年来,碳纳米材料在氟橡胶(FKM)中的应用日益广泛。综述了FKM/石墨烯、FKM/CNT、FKM/碳纳米带等纳米复合材料的结构和性能,并对FKM/碳纳米复合材料的发展进行了展望。     

一维贵金属纳米材料的控制合成与应用

一维纳米材料具有优良的尺寸效应,一维贵金属材料表现出不同于相应块体材料的特殊物理化学性能。本文以一维贵金属纳米结构的合成方法和机理为探讨重点,总结了近年来国内外用于控制合成一维贵金属纳米材料的主要方法,包括模板法、多元醇还原法、化学电沉积法以及金属催化还原法。着重以金属银、钯为例,介绍了其形状可控的一维纳米结构的生长机理,并以金、银等一维纳米材料为例介绍了其一维纳米结构在功能材料以及生物医学等领域的应用前景。指出建立一维金属纳米结构制备科学的新理论、新方法及其成核生长动力学模型是进一步研究的方向。     

基于场发射应用的钛酸钡一维纳米材料的生长形貌研究

钛酸钡是新发现的场发射材料.为了开发适用于曲面显示和折叠屏显示器件的新型柔性场发射材料,建立钛酸钡一维纳米材料基本研究体系,通过调节水热法的工艺参数制备了一维钛酸钡纳米材料,进一步采用溶胶-凝胶和水热两步法制备了以柔性碳布为衬底的一维钛酸钡纳米材料,研究纳米棒的生长演化规律,筛选工艺指标,以期达到优化场发射性能的目的.     

模板法合成一维纳米材料的研究进展

模板合成法是一种控制并改进纳米微粒在结构材料中的排列、改善纳米材料性能的有效手段,可以用来合成导电聚合物、碳、金属、半导体以及其他无机纳米材料,在电池、光催化、药物合成和生命科学等领域得到了广泛的应用。介绍了以多孔氧化铝、多孔氧化硅、高分子聚合物以及其他物质为模板合成碳、金属、半导体和聚合物等高度取向的纳米一维管状或线状材料的研究进展。     

一维纳米材料的合成与应用

一维纳米材料是物质在纳米尺度上的一种特殊结构,具有广阔的潜在应用前景,如高密度存储记忆元件、超微型纳米阵列激光器、新型电子器件等;合成出的一维纳米材料对基础研究和应用研究具有重要意义;本文综述了一维纳米材料的合成方法以及其在能量转化、激光器和传感器等方面的应用研究情况.     

新型零维碳纳米材料的研究进展

碳纳米颗粒材料具有不同的结构和形貌,包括无定形碳、纳米石墨、纳米金刚石、碳纳米洋葱和碳纳米笼等。它们的电学、磁学和光学性质优异,在众多领域内显示出广阔的应用前景,如催化剂载体、生物医药、磁性材料和发光材料等领域。制备具有新颖结构和独特形貌的碳纳米颗粒材料及其应用研究已经成为碳纳米材料领域的研究前沿和热点之一。综述了新型碳纳米颗粒材料的制备、结构和形貌以及应用的研究进展,探讨了该研究领域亟待解决的问题以及今后可能的发展前景。     

产品开发

正新型氮掺杂碳基纳米材料成研发热点碳基纳米材料具有高强度、高硬度、优良耐腐蚀性等优点,是21世纪替代传统材料的优秀新型材料。将氮元素以多种形式掺杂到碳纳米材料中,获得新型结构和形貌的新型氮掺杂碳基纳米材料,可改善碳纳米材料许多不足之处,具有非常优异的物理和化学性质,目前已合成了空心碳球、碳纳米管、碳纳米颗粒、碳纳米片等多种氮掺杂碳基纳米材料,在催化、电化学、吸附等许多领域中具有广阔的应用前景,成为材料领域的研究热点。     

一维V_2O_5纳米材料在锂离子电池正极材料中的应用及其研究进展

综述了一维纳米结构的锂离子电池正极材料V_2O_5的研究进展,阐述了一维纳米结构V_2O_5(纳米线、纳米棒、纳米管、纳米带)的制备及其表面改性和复合改性的方法,其中包括水热法、静电纺丝法、模板法等,总结了一维纳米结构的V_2O_5材料在二次锂离子电池正极材料的应用。最后,就一维V_2O_5纳米材料在锂离子电池中的应用前景进行了展望。     

一维纳米材料的制备、表征及应用

一维纳米材料是指仅长度为宏观尺度,其他方向为纳米尺度的新型材料,在光电子、生物医用、纳米传感、纳米储能等诸多领域具有潜在的应用前景,已成为21世纪化学、物理学、材料学及生命科学等科技领域的研究热点。本文介绍了一维纳米材料的制备方法,阐述了一维纳米材料各种生长机理,总结了一维纳米材料的表征方法,及在物理、化学、机械、材料等领域的应用。     

碳纳米材料在橡胶中的应用研究进展

介绍了新型零维碳纳米材料(富勒烯、炭黑-白炭黑双相粒子)、一维碳纳米材料(碳纳米纤维、碳纳米管)以及二维碳纳米材料(石墨烯、氧化石墨烯)在橡胶中的应用研究进展,指出了碳纳米材料今后的研发方向。     

Self‐Assembly of Multiblock Copolymers

Block copolymers (BCPs) are a subclass of soft matter extensively used in materials science and nanomedicine. They consist of two or more incompatible segments and are prone to self‐assemble into nanostructures with a characteristic size of 10–100 nm. BCPs thus naturally address the structural dimension between molecular and colloidal scales. This review gives a brief overview of recent developments in BCP self‐assembly under various conditions. Special emphasis is put on linear BCPs with three or more sequentially linked blocks, i. e. ABC triblock terpolymers, ABAC tetrablock terpolymers, and so on. We discuss their microphase separation in bulk, in the confinement of nanoemulsion droplets, and their hierarchical self‐assembly to multicompartment nanostructures in selective solvents. Regarding applications, block copolymers are widely used in templating and drug delivery, but their inherent asymmetry is also particularly useful for the synthesis of Janus nanoparticles.     

Organization of layer-type supramolecular nanostructures of a combined liquid-crystalline homopolymer toward lattice packing

For a designed LC homopolymer, bearing a polyimide backbone mesogen and two terminally-connected cyanobiphenyl mesogens via aliphatic spacers in a repeat unit, the formation of layer-type supramolecular nanostructures, and involved organization route within sheared film have been studied in this research. The anisotropic layer scheme induced within sheared film identified the feasible phase separation between distinct mesogens under the restriction of connection spacers. Further considering the periodic correlation of 2.3 nm preferably along the stacking direction, alternate stacks of mesogen bilayers were accounted for the growth of nanostructures. The shear-aligned assembly of layer-type nanostructures led to the presence of orientational order along the film x- and z-axes, and thus the formation of biaxial supramolecular nematic phase. The further annealing process at 160 °C initiated the development of orthorhombic lattice packing, which is conceivably via parallel sliding motion of nanostructures. This growth mechanism explains the existence of large range of bond orientation order, but less extensive positional order. For this orthorhombic lattice, the preferred azimuthal orientation and unusually high aspect ratio between transverse lattice dimensions approved the development of lattice packing from prior stacking of layer-type nanostructures. Upon annealing at 240 °C, the continue ordering process favored closer interaction between neighboring backbone mesogens along the b-axis, which nevertheless expanded the a-axis dimension and caused the packing of cyanobiphenyl mesogens much less oriented. These evolved structural features were attributed to the presence of a regular buckled pattern of cyanobiphenyl bilayers within lattices, as a result of mechanical deformation while being unable to linearly extend within insufficient lattice dimension. These structural analyses helps to describe multiple-step organization of layer-type nanostructures toward lattice packing, which is not likely referred to the packing behavior of individual repeat units.     

PET工厂液相热媒系统的操控调整

对PET厂液相热媒系统作了讨论。针对一个热媒站供2套PET装置的情况进行重点分析,提出2套PET装置相互影响下调整液相热媒系统以稳定生产的注意要点及调整方向。     

苯环侧链烃基氧化研究进展

苯环侧链氧化是有机合成反应中的重要反应类型之一。综述了近年来苯环侧链烃基氧化的各种方法,并阐明了各种方法的优缺点,提出了苯环侧链烃基氧化反应的研究方向。     

高温压电陶瓷掺杂研究现状

高温压电陶瓷应用广泛,掺杂是提高材料性能的重要手段之一。从离子取代(A位、B位及A/B位复合掺杂)、多元复合和助烧剂掺杂等方面阐述了高温压电陶瓷掺杂改性的研究现状,并提出了今后可能的发展方向。     

Crystalline Gaq3 Nanostructures: Preparation, Thermal Property and Spectroscopy Characterization

Crystalline Gaq₃ 1-D nanostructures and nanospheres could be fabricated by thermal evaporation under cold trap. The influences of the key process parameters on formation of the nanostructures were also investigated. It has been demonstrated that the morphology and dimension of the nanostructures were mainly controlled by working temperature and working pressure. One-dimensional nanostructures were fabricated at a lower working temperature, whereas nanospheres were formed at a higher working temperature. Larger nanospheres could be obtained when a higher working pressure was applied. The XRD, FTIR, and NMR analyses evidenced that the nanostructures mainly consisted of δ-phase Gaq₃. Their DSC trace revealed two small exothermic peaks in addition to the melting endotherm. The one in lower temperature region was ascribed to a transition from δ to β phase, while another in higher temperature region could be identified as a transition from β to δ phase. All the crystalline nanostructures show similar PL spectra due to absence of quantum confinement effect. They also exhibited a spectral blue shift because of a looser interligand spacing and reduced orbital overlap in their δ-phase molecular structures.     

城市污泥中重金属去除技术研究

重金属污染是目前城市污水处理厂污泥农用的主要障碍之一。综述了城市污泥中重金属去除的常用四种技术：化学浸提、生物淋滤、动电技术和固化-稳定化,同时分析了污泥中重金属去除技术的发展方向。     

A comprehensive understanding of melting temperature of nanowire, nanotube and bulk counterpart

Surface energies of nanostructures are of considerable interest, and thermodynamic methods have provided valuable insight into the physics and chemistry of these systems. Although the effect of surface energy on melting behaviors of nanostructures has been widely investigated in theoretical calculations and simulations, from the thermodynamics at the nanometer scale point of view, the comprehensive understanding of the fundamental physical and chemical issues involved in nanostructures' melting is still lacking. For instance, nanostructures with negative curvature, such as nanotubes, show different melting behaviors compared with the nanostructures with positive curvature such as nanowires, and both nanotubes and nanowires exhibit abnormal melting temperature compared with that of the bulk counterparts. Herein, we put forward a general model to elucidate the melting temperature of the nanostructures with positive and negative curvatures based on the surface energy at the nanometer. Further, the surface mean square relative atomic displacement (MSRD) of these nanostructures has been studied from the perspective of the size-dependent cohesive energy consideration, which can provide the atomic understanding of the nanostructures' melting. Theoretical analyses indicate that both melting temperatures of the nanostructures with the positive and negative curvatures decrease with decreasing dimensionality, and the surface MSRDs show different size effects in the systems with the positive and negative curvatures, respectively. The melting temperature of the surface with the negative curvature is higher than that of the surface with the positive curvature, and both melting temperatures are smaller than that of the bulk counterpart when the size of nanostructures is less than a threshold value. The unique melting behaviors of nanostructures are attributed to the size- and curvature-dependent surface energy of nanostructures. These results provide new insight into the fundamental understanding of the melting temperature of nanostructures.     

碳一化合物合成乙二醇技术的研究进展

我国具有丰富的煤和天然气资源,以碳一化合物合成乙二醇(EG)具有广阔的发展空间和应用前景。本文综合国内外相关文献,对当今碳一化合物合成EG的技术进展进行了综合论述,并提出了其今后的发展方向。     

自组装润滑膜体系的研究进展

介绍了有机聚合物类自组装润滑技术、自组装润滑膜体系的类型、影响润滑膜自组装行为的因素和自组装润滑膜的主要表征方法,提出了该领域今后的发展方向及需要解决的重点课题。