喷射成形高合金化材料沉积坯内部疏松成因分析与改善

本文主要研究了大尺寸喷射成形高合金化材料高温合金沉积坯内部疏松成因及其改善工艺。研究认为,高温合金沉积坯中最后凝固部位液相金属补缩不足和断裂应变低是产生疏松的必要条件,而沉积坯的局部收缩变形产生的热应力是造成疏松的重要原因。通过有限元计算,提出一种热控喷射成形工艺,并得到试验验证。该工艺有效减少了坯体内部的疏松等冶金缺陷,改善了沉积坯的质量。     

喷射沉积SiC_P/Al复合材料的塑性变形致密化与冶金缺陷消除研究进展

喷射沉积SiC_P/Al基复合材料具有优异的力学性能,但因孔隙、沉积颗粒边界、沉积颗粒表面的氧化皮等冶金缺陷无法完全消除而使其应用受限,消除冶金缺陷和改进致密化技术对于提高喷射沉积铝基复合材料的性能和扩大其应用尤为重要。本文论述了喷射沉积颗粒增强铝基复合材料的致密化技术,着重介绍了楔形压制工艺、陶粒轧制、旋球同步致密化等新型致密化技术;展望了喷射沉积铝基复合材料的发展趋势,认为热等静压、陶粒轧制的剪切作用小,不能完全消除孔洞和沉积颗粒边界等缺陷;提出颗粒增强铝基复合材料的喷射沉积制备与致密化同步进行有利于减少晶粒与弥散粒子的粗化,提高复合材料的力学性能和成形性能。采用旋球同步致密减少坯料孔隙,降低坯料沉积坯中的氧含量,再通过楔形压制实现沉积颗粒间的完全冶金结合。     

热等静压对喷射成形高温合金组织和性能的影响

研究了热等静压工艺对喷射成形Ｋ１７和ＧＨ７４２两种高温合金显微疏松和室温拉伸性能的影响。结果表明，热等静压处理可以闭合坯件内的疏松孔洞，提高合金致密度，进而提高合金的强度和塑性。     

双扫描喷射成形高速钢SFT15性能研究

采用双扫描喷射成形炉制备了SFT15高速钢,对喷射成形SFT15的体密度、关键力学性能及其微观组织进行了研究。结果表明:SFT15沉积坯平均体密度为8.2g/cm3,达到理论密度的99.3%。采用双扫描喷射成形设备制备的SFT15高速钢晶粒细小,无宏观偏析,组织致密。经锻造热加工后,喷射成形SFT15高速钢的力学性能大幅提高,硬度达到HRC67.6,抗弯强度超过4200MPa。采用SEM研究SFT15的内部组织发现,SFT15高速钢内部包括均匀分布的细小碳化物。     

材料损伤HIP自愈合机理研究

目的研究金属注射成形烧结后内部缺陷自愈合方法。方法将热等静压(HIP)技术与金属注射成形(MIM)工艺结合,控制热等静压参数使得注射成形烧结后的内部缺陷产生自愈合。借助扫描电镜观察内部孔隙消除与缺陷的闭合情况,通过CAE仿真分析颗粒间应力变化,研究热等静压工艺(HIP)自愈合的机理,通过力学抗压试验测试HIP后力学性能。结果扫描电镜结果表明,内部孔隙与缺陷在HIP后完全消除,CAE结果表明,HIP自愈合过程主要是高温高压下的材料发生塑性变形流动机制与扩散蠕变机制起主导作用。力学性能结果表明,HIP后抗压强度提升21.47%,屈服强度提升28.91%,并且HIP后应变断裂点数值明显小于热等静压前。催化进度过程中,粉体内部聚甲醛气体分解挥发后,在零件的内部会形成多孔性结构,并且气体逃逸的通道形成了裂纹,造成烧结过程中厚壁件内部形成空隙与裂纹。结论热等静压后由金属注射成形烧结后形成的内部缺陷完全消除。随着研究的深入和完善,可为金属粉末成形零件的性能优化和广泛应用提供基础。     

耐热粉末铝合金筒体热旋成形试验

介绍了喷射沉积耐热铝合金管坯经挤压变形,变薄旋压筒体的研制过程;重点论述了热旋成形筒体的工艺路线.试验探讨了耐热铝合金的旋压温度为350～450℃,道次变薄率约为20%,累计变薄率约50%,需中间退火,退火温度宜取350℃.热旋结果认为,喷射沉积耐热粉末铝合金铸坯直接热旋成形困难,需经挤压比大于4的变形致密,有助于热旋成形.耐热粉末铝合金挤压坯加热变薄旋压,应采用小压下量多道次的变形过程,逐渐细化晶粒组织,才能旋出综合性能良好的筒形件.     

喷射成形高速钢高温应力应变特性分析EI北大核心

主要研究了喷射成形高速钢SFT15在热处理后与热等静压+热处理后两种状态在700,800,900,1000℃和1100℃温度下的应力-应变特性及其组织形貌。喷射成形制备的SFT15高速钢内部为细小等轴晶,并且组织均匀,无宏观偏析。采用GLEEBLE3500热力模拟试验机测试SFT15的应力应变特性,热等静压工艺有助于提高喷射成形高速钢SFT15的抗压强度,热等静压后在700℃下的抗压强度比热等静压前提高了约300MPa。     

喷射成形颗粒增强金属基复合材料研究进展

喷射成形是将熔融金属雾化和沉积过程相结合,直接由熔融金属制备具有快速凝固组织特征坯体的新型金属材料成形工艺。被引入到非连续增强体金属基复合材料制备领域后,先后发展出了预混喷射成形、反应喷射成形和喷射沉积等工艺方法。介绍了上述颗粒增强金属基复合材料喷射成形工艺方法的基本原理、特点及研究现状。通过对比分析发现喷射沉积技术由于其成形条件限制较少,适用范围广等特点得到了更为广泛的发展,最后结合自身研究对传统喷射沉积技术进行了一定的改进,采用气体-增强颗粒两相流作为雾化介质以期获得提高雾化效率和改善增强颗粒分布均匀性的双重效果。     

喷射成形工艺过程数值计算的研究进展

主要介绍了国内外目前对喷射成形过程中3个重要工艺环节(即雾化过程、金属熔滴沉积坯凝固时的热传输以及沉积坯形状控制)数值计算的研究进展,同时简介了喷射成形工艺流程,并对喷射成形数值计算以后的发展提出了一些观点.     

结构材料喷射成形技术与雾化沉积高温合金

喷射成形是利用快速凝固方法直接制备金属材料坯料或半成品的先进材料制造技术 ,喷射沉积高温结构材料的冶金性能好、生产效率高、成本低 ,因而在近几年得到了迅速发展 .本项研究的主要目的是要通过喷射成形工艺参数的调整、最大限度地直接减少喷射成形坯中的孔隙度 ,进而得到优质坯料 .利用优化的雾化喷射沉积技术制备了多种高温合金沉积坯 ,沉积坯整体致密、晶粒细小、组织均匀、无宏观偏析、含气量低、力学性能提高 .还简要地比较了喷射成形高温合金与用常规铸锭冶金工艺和粉末冶金工艺制备高温合金的异同 ;总结了航空材料研究院喷射成形高温材料近年来的研究状况 ,包括专用高温材料喷射成形装置和技术及其应用 .     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.