河道护岸工程的水生态补偿机制研究

随着人们环保意识的提高,水生态环境亟待修复和改善。根据水利部相关政策文件的规定,加快推进水生态文明建设,是推动民生水利新发展的重要任务。根据河道护岸工程现状和河道生态系统的重要性方面,探讨了河道护岸工程需要进行水生态补偿机制实施的必要性和迫切性,并进行了水生态补偿机制相关层面的研究,进行了制度设计,为进一步推进水生态补偿机制研究提供参考。     

泗河生态河流建设与管理探析

泗河流域面临严峻的生态问题,亟待治理与修复。基于人与自然和谐相处的理念,在分析泗河流域水质和水生态存在问题的基础上,提出"保护为主、适量开发、人水和谐"的建设原则和建设生态河道的目标,主要通过建设生态河岸、控制水质污染、建设生态湿地、发展生态旅游等措施来维护泗河的健康生命。     

生态修复技术在温州河道污染治理中的应用

以横河生态修复工程为例,分析了温州市河道生态修复技术应用的效果及问题.通过水体的生物修复及水生态的重建,对城市河道污染水体和底泥进行治理,从而使河道水质得到明显改善,并逐步建立稳定良好的水体生态环境,逐步使水体功能得到恢复.     

瀑河橡胶坝工程的设计要点

河北省承德市宽城满族自治县瀑河段橡胶坝工程2009年全部竣工并投入使用,在县城段瀑河河道上形成带状梯级水面,生态效益、社会效益显著。经过水文计算、工程布置、水力计算及坝袋设计等工作,确定了橡胶坝的结构形式及坝袋类型,在橡胶坝管理中提出了定期检查、观测、维护等相应措施。     

Strategies for building partnerships in the context of river basin management: The role of ecotechnology and ecological engineering

The theory of ecosystem management is described and its importance and application to the management of river basins and watersheds is considered. Eleven ecosystem principles and their application within the context of watershed management are discussed. The development of partnerships in river basin management is important. In their development, the research system, public and private sectors, and community participation are seen as key components.     

丁坝在三屯河河道整治中的成功经验

三屯河渠首以下3km范围内的河道，东西两岸毗邻三屯河东西干渠及耕地，河道两岸多年遭受洪水的严重侵蚀破坏，直接危及到了下游东、西引水干渠的安全。2000年，对该段河道采用丁坝型式进行了总体整治设计，当年秋季竣工。经过近3a的运行，整治效果较明显，彻底根治了水患，确保了东、西引水干渠的安全，取得了巨大的防洪效益。     

An attempt to facilitate water management issues in the Zambezi river basin using decision support systems

This paper reviews the Decision Support Systems for Managing Large International Rivers Project at IIASA, and its application in the Zambezi river case study.     

Channel response to sediment replenishment in a large gravel‐bed river: The case of the Saint‐Sauveur dam in the Buëch River (Southern Alps,France)

The Saint‐Sauveur dam was built in 1992 in the middle section of the Buëch River. Downstream of the dam, a channel incision by several meters was observed. A gravel replenishment operation was planned in order to restore the active channel. An equivalent of two times the mean annual bedload‐transport capacity (43,500 m³) was replenished downstream of the dam in September 2016. The aim of this paper is to quantify morphological change associated with sediment remobilization in order to evaluate the efficiency of the restoration works. The monitoring was based on a combination of (a) change detection using sequential high‐resolution digital elevation models (from airborne LiDAR data), (b) bedload tracing using active ultrahigh‐frequency radio‐frequency identification technology, and (c) complementary field surveys of channel grain‐size distribution and morphology for bedload‐transport computation. Field monitoring allows us to capture a net aggradation along a 2‐km reach after the first post‐replenishment flood. A sediment balance analysis was performed to back‐calculate bedload supply coming from the sluicing operation during the flood. Although the sediment replenishment operation clearly had a positive impact on the morphological conditions of the starved river reach, the effective bedload supply from artificial berms (22,650 m³) was insufficient to initiate substantial channel shifting along the restored reach and a subsequent amplification of the sediment recharge. The combination of high‐resolution topographic resurveys and sediment tracing was successful to evaluate the downstream propagation of sediment replenishment effects.     

Application of ecological engineering principles in lake management

The Ecological Engineering and Ecosystem Restoration previously presented 19 ecological principles that can be used for all ecotechnological projects. This report discusses how all projects that incorporate or involve engineering and management of ecosystems should be guided by these previously noted ecological principles. The principles also can be used as a checklist for ensuring that all relevant ecological considerations are taken into account in the development and implementation of ecotechnology and ecological management projects. This report demonstrates how these 19 principles can be applied in lake management issues. It is shown that the principles also are useful as a checklist for lake management efforts. This report further identifies general and 12 specific recommendations for lake management efforts, which are based on the 19 principles.     

用变化范围法(RVA)确定河流环境流量

介绍了确定河流环境流量的一种新方法--变化范围法(RVA)的形成、研究现状及应用进展.在分析水文变化指标(IHA)的基础上,总结未受干扰的时间序列中的流量范围作为初始的环境流量范围,并通过监测生态影响来修正该流量范围,并论述了水文变化指标与变化范围法的关系.     

长江南京河段河势控制工程实践与思考

分三个阶段总结评价了新中国成立以来长江南京河段的河势控制工程实践,分析了长江南京河段河势目前存在的主要问题,对下一阶段河势控制工作应重点关注问题进行了思考,提出了重点河段治理初步方案。     

西北干旱内陆河流域生态安全保障体系建设初步研究 --以石羊河流域为例

加强区域生态安全保障体系建设,维护国土生态安全已成为国家的战略需求.西北干旱内陆河流域水资源严重短缺,生态系统十分脆弱且强烈依赖于水资源;由于自然环境的变化和人类活动的影响,西北干旱内陆河流域的许多地区已出现严重的生态与环境问题,对生态安全构成了严重的威胁.以甘肃省石羊河流域为例,分析了其生态安全方面存在的问题,提出了生态安全保障体系建设的思路和对策.     

生态护坡在辽宁省城市河道整治中的应用

简述了传统护坡治理中存在的问题,介绍了生态袋护坡、三维植被网护坡及稻草垫生物护坡在辽宁省河道治理中的应用,结合工程实例阐述了三种护坡形式的特点及实际应用中应注意的问题。     

太原市汾河河道治理工程橡胶坝设计

太原市汾河河道治理工程是一项集河道治理、城市美化、交通旅游与土地开发为一体的大型综合工程。文章对橡胶坝工程设计进行了概要介绍。     

河床演变的均衡稳定理论及其在黄河下游的应用

在系统分析有关河床演变均衡稳定理论的研究成果基础上,指出河流熵理论的最小可用能耗率原理及其表达式完整地表达了冲积河流河床演变的自动调整作用基本原理,应用河流最小可用能耗率原理的表达式封闭河床演变方程组,建立河床演变均衡稳定数学模型,应用该模型计算了黄河下游各河段在不同水沙条件下的河槽均衡稳定断面,并计算分析了小浪底水库下游的清水冲刷、拦粗排细和水温变化及涨冲落淤等因素对河槽均衡稳定的影响,分析了河道输水输沙优化的临界指标,提出了强化非恒定流调水调沙、调控60-100 kg/m3的不利来水含沙量和以滞洪拦粗排细运用为主等改善小浪底水库运用的措施。     

黄河下游窄河段挖河断面不同尺度的减淤效果及对河势影响的试验研究

根据模型试验的方法,研究了黄河下游窄河段不同挖河断面尺度下的减淤效果,以及对河势的影响。同时,进行了数学模拟计算,以便与河工模型试验结果相互佐证。依据模型试验和数模计算结果,认为,挖河断面越大,开挖河段的回淤量越大,开挖段上游一定范围内河段的溯源冲刷量也越大。另外,挖河可以在一定时段内起到理顺河势的效果,但要维持其效果,还应有一定的河道整治工程相配套。     

黄河下游马庄潜坝试验及其应用效果

黄河下游的河道整治，多以修建土结构坝的方法来控导溜势，达到安全行洪的目的，经多年探索后试验的马庄潜坝，低水位控导溜势，洪水期漫坝溢流，坝的结构由软件沉排和散石坝体两部分组成，采用管膜布防冲，管袋填土压重，从而满足抗俘，抗滑等技术要求，防冲排布的铺放和压重管袋的充填及其在深水中的沉放方法是该坝施工中关键的技术环节，近几年的实践证明，坝体的中导溜作用和沉排的护底功能均达到设计要求，不需经过反复抢险即可