六方氮化硼的合成与高温精制

采用氯化铵-硼砂法合成的h-BN,得到含量97%,粒度小于1微米的h-BN,G.I.值为3.4左右,以反复试验,温度为900℃最佳。高温精制温度为2060℃,粒度为3~5μm,G.I.值为1.72,纯度在99%以上。     

Gr/Al-0.7Si-1.2Mg复合材料制备及摩擦性能研究

采用二次热压法制备Gr质量分数为10%~25%的Gr/Al-0.7Si-1.2Mg复合材料,研究了制备工艺对组织结构及其摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明,采用较快速率升温的热压法可有效防止石墨铝复合材料制备过程的有害界面反应,得到组织均匀且致密的石墨铝基复合材料.Gr/Al-0.7Si-1.2Mg复合材料的摩擦系数随载荷的增大而降低,在较大载荷时,可形成完整的石墨润滑膜,不同石墨含量的复合材料的磨擦系数趋于一致,达到0.17.石墨含量高的复合材料容易形成润滑层,所以摩擦系数在较低载荷下就能达到最小值.复合材料相对密度对磨损率的影响较大,接近理论密度的复合材料在本研究试验条件下能保持较低的磨损率,最低可达到0.5×10-3~2.1×10-3mm3/m.     

Microstructure and tribological properties of laser clad Ni-Ag/Tic composite coating

Ni-Ag/TiC composite coating was prepared on the 45 steel substrates by means of laser cladding. Microstructure and wear properties of composite coatings were analyzed using optical microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and wear machine. The experimental results show that defects, such as cracks and pores, do not occur in the laser-cladded Ni-Ag/TiC composite coating and 45 steel substrate, and they present good metallurgical bonding between them. Compared with Ni/TiC composite coating, micro- hardness values of the two coatings do not present evident differences. The wear experiment result shows that Ni-Ag/TiC composite coated with Ag possesses low friction coefficient and good wear resistance compared with Ni/TiC composite coating.     

粘结石墨基固体润滑涂层的微动摩擦磨损性能

为了探讨粘结石墨基固体润滑涂层的微动摩擦磨损性能的作用机理,使用SRV微动摩擦磨损试验机对粘结石墨基固体润滑涂层在微动试验条件下的摩擦学性能以及抗承载能力进行研究,对其磨痕形貌和对偶转移膜进行分析。研究结果表明：粘结石墨基固体润滑涂层的磨损率随着试验载荷和摩擦速度的增大而减小;而摩擦因数随着试验载荷增大而减小,随摩擦速度增大而缓慢增大;在微动摩擦过程中,高载高速可以促进高质量转移膜在对偶表面形成,从而使得粘结石墨基固体润滑涂层具有良好的抗承载能力和优异的抗磨减摩性能。     

Tribological properties of electroless Ni-P-SiC composite coatings in rolling/sliding contact under boundary lubrication

Ni-P-SiC composite coatings were prepared under a given bath composition and operation parameters of electroless plating. The tribological properties of the Ni-P-SiC composite coatings after annealing at 400℃ for 1 h were tested in rolling/sliding contact under boundary lubrication condition using a two-roller tribometer. The measurement contained friction coefficient, contact surface temperature, contact electrical resistance, and wear rate of the Ni-P-SiC composite coatings under various slide to roll ratios, loads, and rolling speeds. For the simultaneous examination of the effect of the chosen parameters on the tribological properties of the Ni-P-SiC composite coatings, an orthogonal regression experimental design method was used.     

等离子喷涂NiCr/Cr_2C_3、Ni/C及其复合涂层的耐磨性能

为了加强车辆机械零件的表面防护,采用等离子喷涂工艺在304N不锈钢表面分别制备了NiCr/Cr_2C_3涂层、Ni/C涂层以及NiCr/Cr_2C_3和Ni/C复合涂层,观察了涂层组织形貌,测试了涂层硬度和耐磨性,分析了涂层的摩擦磨损机理.结果表明,3种涂层中NiCr/Cr_2C_3和Ni/C复合涂层的耐磨性能最好.金属粘结相NiCr可以起到足够的支撑作用,从而防止涂层剥离与黏着磨损的产生.Ni/C作为固体润滑剂,通过自润滑作用降低了涂层的整体摩擦系数.     

烃分子添加剂在公交车两用燃料发动机油中的摩擦学试验研究

为了提高公交车两用燃料发动机油的摩擦性能,将烃分子添加剂加入 CNG/汽油两用燃料机油中,采用四球摩擦磨损试验机和梯姆肯试验机,考察其对 CNG/汽油两用燃料机油摩擦性能的影响,利用 SEM表面分析技术对摩擦副表面进行了磨损机理分析.试验表明:烃分子添加剂对CNG/汽油两用燃料机油摩擦学性能有所提高,对摩擦副表面具有修复平整作用     

铝合金上电沉积Ni-P-CNTs复合镀层及其摩擦性能研究

采用复合电沉积法在铝合金表面上制备了镍 磷 碳纳米管（Ni-P-CNTs）复合镀层,并用X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）对其进行了表征,分析了电流密度和镀液中碳纳米管的质量浓度对复合镀层形貌及其摩擦磨损性能的影响.当电流密度为3.0 A/dm2时可以得到表面光亮、平整的复合镀层,复合镀层中碳纳米管体积分数随着镀液中碳纳米管质量浓度的增加而增加.Ni-P-CNTs复合镀层比Ni-P镀层具有更高的硬度、耐磨性能和更低的摩擦系数.随着复合镀层中碳纳米管体积分数的增加,复合镀层的磨损量和摩擦系数逐渐降低.复合镀层摩擦性能的改善是由于碳纳米管具有优异的力学性能和良好的自润滑性能.     

Processing technique and sliding friction and wear behavior of TiB2／ZA27 composite

In-situ TiB2 particles reinforced ZA27 composite was prepared by the stir-casting technique and a twostep method. TiB2/Al composite was produced by incorporating K2 TiF6, KBF4 salts and other agents into Al melt. As a master alloy, TiB2/Al composite was used to manufacture TiB2/ZA27 composite, which results in the generation of well-distributed reinforcing TiB2 phase. The hardness, friction and wear behavior of TiB2/ZA27 composite were investigated. The results show that the hardness of the composite is enhanced with increasing the content of TiB2 particles, the incorporation of TiB2 reduces the wear rate of TiB2/ZA27 composite and improves the friction property under lubricated and dry sliding friction conditions. The worn track width of ZA27 alloy is 1.6 and 2.5 times as long as that of 2.1%TiB2/ZA27 composite at 150 N and 700 N load under lubricated conditions, which indicates that TiB2/ZA27 composite possesses higher bearing ability.     

镍、磷和空心微珠复合镀层摩擦磨损性能研究

运用化学镀方法,把空心微珠作为第二相加入化学镀镍和磷镀液中,制得以镍、磷和空心微珠为主的复合镀层.X射线分析显示,复合镀层经过热处理后由非晶态变成晶态.复合镀层经过热处理后显微硬度及摩擦学性能提高.复合镀层耐磨性比纯镍和磷镀层提高约30%,抗腐蚀性提高77%.运用SEM和XPS等对复合镀层性能和结构进行分析.     

碳纤维/环氧复合材料制备工艺对自润滑性能的影响

本文探讨了采用碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料制造自润滑轴承的基本工艺。对不同固化剂对材料的自润滑性能进行了试验分析,并对比其结果。使用电子显微镜及光学显微镜对断口及摩擦表面进行了观察。     

Effects of oxidation treatment on properties of SiO2f/SiO2-BN composites

The silica fiber reinforced silica and boron nitride-based composites (SiO_2f/SiO₂-BN) were prepared firstly via the sol-gel method and then the urea route, and the effects of oxidation treatment on the component, structure, mechanical and dielectric properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that the oxidation treatment at 450 °C will not impair the structure of boron nitride, and carbon is the main impurity with the excessive urea. The density of SiO_2f/SiO₂-BN composites is 1.81 g/cm³, and the flexural strength and elastic modulus are 113.9 MPa and 36.5 GPa, respectively. After oxidation treatment, the density varies to 1.80 g/cm³, and the flexural strength and elastic modulus are decreased to 58.9 MPa and 9.4 GPa, respectively. The mechanical properties of the composites are severely damaged, but they still exhibit a good toughness. The composites show excellent dielectric properties with the dielectric constant and loss tangent being 3.22 and 0.003 9, respectively, which indicates that the oxidation treatment is ineffective to improve the dielectric properties of SiO_2f/SiO₂-BN composites.     

载荷对Kevlar/PTFE纤维混杂织物摩擦学性能的影响

采用电子小样织机机织Kevlar/PTFE纤维混杂织物,借助于MMU-5G端面摩擦磨损试验机,激光扫描共聚焦显微镜（CLSM）,考察了Kevlar/PTFE纤维混杂织物在高速、干摩擦时不同载荷下的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,在转速为300 r/min下,载荷越高,稳态摩擦系数值越低,随着载荷的不断增加,稳态摩擦系数下降趋势变缓;织物磨损深度随载荷增加而增加,但磨损率反而降低,织物的摩擦磨损与织物结构有关,磨损方式主要为磨粒磨损,以及PTFE在法向载荷挤压和摩擦剪切作用下发生塑性变形。     

CuCr_2O_4/TiO_2复合薄膜电极对染料敏化太阳能电池光电性能的影响

将制备的CuCr2O4纳米粉体以不同比例掺杂到TiO2粉体中制成浆料,采用丝网印刷法在FTO导电玻璃上制备CuCr2O4/TiO2复合薄膜电极。利用X射线衍射仪对复合薄膜进行晶型分析,数显测厚指示表测试复合薄膜的厚度,用光电转换测定仪测试了DSSC性能。结果表明,掺杂CuCr2O4纳米粉体能够提高电池的光电转化效率,当薄膜厚度为20μm、掺杂粉体的质量分数为2%时,薄膜电极具有良好的光电性能;与纯TiO2薄膜电极相比,光电转化效率提高了22.6%,达到6.5%。     

Preparation and properties of Al-Ni composite anodic films on aluminum surface

Ni element was introduced to aluminum surface by a simple chemical immersion method,and Al-Ni composite anodic films were obtained by following anodizing.The morphology,structure and composition of the Al-Ni anodic films were examined by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy disperse spectroscopy(EDS)and atomic force microscopy(AFM).The electrochemical behaviors of the films were studied by means of polarization measurement and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS).The experimental results show that the Al-Ni composite anodic film is more compact with smaller pore diameters than that of the Al anodic film.The introduction of nickel increases the impedances of both the barrier layer and the porous layer of the anodic films.In NaCl solutions,the Al-Ni composite anodic films show higher impedance values and better corrosion resistance.     

Preparation and properties of the Ni-Al/Fe-Al intermetallics composite coating produced by plasma cladding

A novel approach to produce an intermetallic composite coating was put forward.The microstructure,microhardness,and dry-sliding wear behavior of the composite coating were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM),energy dispersive spectrum (EDS) analysis,microhardness test,and ball-on-disc wear experiment.XRD results indicate that some new phases FeAl,Fe0.23Ni0.77Al,and Ni3Al exit in the composite coating with the Al2O3 addition.SEM results show that the coating is bonde...     

脉冲负偏压对TiN-Cu复合膜结构与性能的影响

为了研究薄膜的生长过程对薄膜结构和性能的影响并促进该类薄膜的商业应用,利用电弧离子镀在不同脉冲负偏压下沉积了TiN-Cu复合膜,并对其表面形貌、晶体结构、能谱、硬度、结合强度和耐磨性进行研究.结果表明,在50~300 V范围内,随脉冲负偏压值增加,沉积薄膜中Cu原子分数逐渐减少;薄膜中最大的Cu原子分数低于Cu-Ti合金靶中Cu原子分数.沉积膜中TiN相存在明显的(111)晶面织构,并且脉冲负偏压值增大,薄膜的织构程度增加.脉冲负偏压值增加,沉积的TiN-Cu复合膜的硬度和耐磨性降低,但结合强度增加.沉积膜结构与性能的变化与脉冲偏压引起薄膜中Cu原子分数的变化有一定关系.     

包覆法制备Gp/SiC复合材料的显微结构和性能

以不同粒径的石墨颗粒和SiC粉体为原料,采用SiC粉体包覆石墨颗粒的方法,于2000℃热压制备了石墨/碳化硅（Gp/SiC）复合材料.利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM,EDS）分析了材料的金相和断口显微结构.研究表明,石墨粒径较小且质量分数较少的复合材料比石墨粒径较大且质量分数较多的复合材料在热压工艺中更致密.石墨颗粒呈岛状紧密地镶嵌在SiC基体中,石墨与SiC界面处C和Si的扩散不明显.复合材料的相对密度、抗折强度,断裂韧性和硬度随石墨粒径和质量分数的减少而增加.断口形貌表明SiC陶瓷基体为脆性,石墨为韧性断裂.当石墨粒径为125μm、SiC与石墨的质量比为3.5时,复合材料的综合性能最佳,开口气孔率为0.3%,相对密度为97.9%,抗折强度为75±15 MPa,断裂韧性为5.4±0.5 MPa.m1/2,硬度为26.8±3GPa.     

微凹坑相对位置变化对表面减摩性能的影响

为探讨微凹坑相对位置变化对织构化表面减摩性能的影响,在试件表面分别加工变换微凹坑列与速度方向角度、增大微凹坑横向间距减小纵向间距、以及减小微凹坑横向间距增大纵向间距等三种微凹坑相对位置变化系列的表面织构,利用理论方法分析了表面织构在产生流体动压力时微凹坑之间的相互影响,并利用往复式摩擦试验法进行研究.研究结果表明：在固定的微凹坑直径、深度和面积率下,微凹坑相对位置变化对表面织构的减摩性能具有很大的影响;与微凹坑正方形网格分布的织构化表面相比,微凹坑横向间距与纵向间距比值为r=1/3的织构化表面具有最优的减摩提高效果,在试验载荷200N、曲柄转速400r/min时,可进一步降低摩擦22.14%.