稀土和铬对铁基自熔合金喷涂层抗氧化性能的影响

本研究着眼于用稀土对价格低廉的铁基自熔合金粉末进行改性,以提高其抗高温氧化性能。结果表明,稀土的添加大大提高了合金涂层的高温抗氧化性能,具有较大的应用前景。同时分析了稀土提高抗氧化性的机理,认为稀土的添加改变了合金氧化过程的扩散动力学,从而改变氧化膜的形貌与粘附性,提高抗氧化能力。单纯增加铁基合金中铬的含量对合金的抗氧化性影响不明显。     

稀土铁基自熔基合金抗硫化氢腐蚀性能的实验研究

近年来关于稀土在热喷涂（焊）材料中的应用研究正日益受到人们的重视。铁基自熔合金末作为一种广泛使用的热喷涂（焊）材料具有价格低廉，喷涂（焊）层的耐磨性较好等优点，但其耐蚀性较差。为此，本研究引入稀土对其改性。通过熔炼－雾化工艺制备了稀土铁基自熔合金粉末，并考察了稀土对铁基自熔合金喷焊层在硫化氢介质中气蚀和在含硫化氢的中性氯化钠溶液中浸蚀的影响。结果表明，铁基自熔合金（含稀土和不含稀土）喷焊层试样表现出较强的抗硫化氢能力。铁基合金喷焊层试样在含硫化氢的4Wt%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀速率随稀土的添加量增加量增加而逐渐降低，且稀土添加量有最佳值0.2Wt%。     

稀土对铁基自熔合金自熔性的影响

制备了含稀土的铁基自熔合金并考察了这种自熔合金在氧－乙炔火焰喷焊过程中的自熔性。结果表明，适量的稀土可以非常显著地改善铁基自熔合金的自熔性。这可归因于稀土可降低铁基自熔合金中表面活性元素氧和硫的含量，从而改善了喷焊过程中合金熔滴间的相互润湿，加速了其向喷焊层融合，减少了合金熔滴表面生成氧化膜的可能性。     

稀土对铁基自熔合金喷焊层组织与耐蚀性能的影响

通过熔炼—雾化工艺制备了稀土铁基自熔合金粉末,并考察了稀土对铁基自熔合金喷焊层的显微组织及其在弱酸、中性盐溶液中耐蚀性能的影响。采用金相显微镜、SEM、EDAX对合金喷焊层的物相结构、显微组织进行了观察和分析。在实验结果的基础上,对稀土的有关作用机制进行了分析和讨论。     

稀土对Ni-Cr-Cu合金铸铁组织及耐碱腐蚀性能的影响

设计了不同含量的稀土镍-铬-铜合金铸铁,采用光学显微镜观察组织,用失重法测定合金铸铁在动态、高温、高浓度碱液中的腐蚀速率。结果表明,添加稀土可以改善合金铸铁中石墨的形态及分布,使之由长条形逐渐球化;并且随着稀土含量的增加,石墨数量增加,合金铸铁的耐蚀性增强。但稀土过量会使得合金铸铁的耐蚀性减弱。     

金与氯化银的共沉淀作用——银及钯银合金中微量金的分析

银及银合金中金的分析用硝酸使基体成分溶解,而少量金不溶,分离后再溶解残渣测定金.但由于样品不同以硝酸溶解时,尤其是金含量很低时,金可能会部份溶解损失,因此需要寻求一个能在硝酸溶液中富集微量金的方法.文献中富集微量金采用的方法,大多在盐酸介质中进行,不适用于含大量银、钯、铂及钴等的硝酸介质.作者发现在一定条件下氯化银可在硝酸溶液中与金共沉淀,本文着重研究此共沉淀的条件及硝酸溶样时影响部份金溶解的因素,并拟定出银及钯银合金中微量金的分析方法.微量金的测定仍采用灵敏、准确、选择性高的孔雀绿一醋酸丁酯萃取光度法.     

冷拔1Cr18Ni9Ti不銹鋼管酸洗与潤滑工艺的研究

某些合金元素含量较高的镍铬不锈钢在经过热处理后,其表面上生成一种含有镍铬等合金元素氧化物的氧化皮。这种氧化皮具有致密的结构,特别是靠近钢基体的一层中,有时几乎完全由铬或镍的氧化物组成。含有铬及镍的氧化皮极难溶于硫酸或盐酸溶液中,而且致密的氧化皮使酸溶液很难渗过它而与金属接触。因此,这类合金钢经常不能用单一的硫酸或盐酸溶液来酸洗,需要使用活性较强的化学溶液。为了酸洗镍铬含量较高的不锈钢,通常采用由硫酸、硝酸、盐酸、氢氟酸以及它们的一些盐类按各种不同比例配成的水溶液。由于利用酸洗来去除不锈钢钢管表面的氧化皮是一项非常细致的工作。操作稍一不慎,就会使酸洗过的表面出现各种缺陷或由于氧化皮、残渣等去除得不干净     

含稀土磷灰石精矿酸浸试验研究

分别用硝酸、硫酸和盐酸对某复杂含稀土磷灰石精矿进行浸出试验。结果表明,硝酸浸出时,磷灰石中绝大部分磷进入溶液,而稀土则分散于浸出液和渣中;硫酸浸出时,稀土浸出率较低,磷浸出率较高,可控制合适的条件初步分离精矿中的磷和稀土;盐酸浸出时,磷和稀土的浸出率均较高,可以通过溶剂萃取的方法从溶液中分离磷和稀土。     

含P元素铁基非晶合金涂层在碱性溶液中的耐蚀性能影响因素的研究

本文采用含有P元素的铁基合金粉末,通过大气等离子喷涂工艺(APS)制备具有不同非晶相含量、孔隙率和表面粗糙度的非晶合金涂层,通过电化学工作站对涂层在碱性腐蚀介质中的耐蚀性能进行了研究。提出贡献率的概念,为非晶合金涂层的耐蚀性能提供了评价方法。研究表明非晶相含量、孔隙率和表面粗糙度对铁基非晶合金涂层在碱性溶液中自腐蚀电位贡献率的大小分别为66.34%,33.66%和0%;对自腐蚀电流密度贡献率的大小分别为86.19%,13.19%和0.6%。     

稀土对HAl62-3-3-0.7合金组织和性能的影响

通过对合金成分的调整分别配制了添加不同量稀土元素的试验用HAl62-3-3-0．7合金。借助金相与扫描电镜观察和分析了各合金的显微组织结构,运用模拟设备测试了各合金的力学性能。文章阐述了稀土元素对该类高强度耐磨黄铜的组织和性能的影响,试验表明适量加入稀土会显著细化晶粒,过量的稀土会导致在合金显微组织中形成线形富稀土相。随着合金中稀土含量的增加,合金的硬度升高,但当稀土含量超过0．1％时,由于线形富稀土相的形成,反而会使合金的力学性能下降。     

Comparative Evaluation of Low Nickel and Nickel Free Lean Duplex Stainless Steels with 316L in a Variety of Corrosive Media

For many applications duplex stainless steels with their superior strength coupled with lower raw material cost have emerged as an attractive alternative to austenitic stainless steels. With emphasis on conservation of scarce resources like nickel and molybdenum there is continuing endeavour to develop essentially molybdenum free lean duplex stainless steels with low nickel content such as 2304 (23Cr–4Ni), 2202 (22Cr–2Ni), 2101 (21Cr–1.5Ni). This paper compares the corrosion behaviour of a low nickel duplex (21Cr–1.5Ni) and a nickel free duplex (21Cr–1.5Cu) with 316L stainless steel in several corrosive media. All the three alloys exhibit similar excellent corrosion resistance under boiling conditions in less aggressive organic acids such as 20 % acetic acid, 25 % lactic acid, 25 % citric acid. However, in stronger organic acids such as 5 % formic acid, 5 % oxalic acid, and mixture of formic and acetic acid, the duplex grades exhibit superior corrosion resistance. This edge over 316L continues on addition of chloride ions in these acids. In boiling 50 % nitric acid solution, the corrosion resistance of these nickel free and low nickel duplex is slightly better than 316L grade. Since 304L grade is generally used in nitric acid plants, tests were also conducted on 304L and these duplex grades were found to be more resistant. Similarly in 50 % phosphoric acid also, the duplex grades exhibit superior corrosion resistance compared to 316L grade. Alloying with nickel and molybdenum is known to give rise to significant improvement in corrosion resistance in this acid. However, even in the absence of these elements, the beneficial effect of higher chromium content is evident. Of all the inorganic acids, sulfuric acid is used in largest volume in the industries. Boiling tests in dilute 1 and 5 % H₂SO₄ indicate that nickel free copper bearing duplex is more resistant than low nickel duplex grade and vastly superior to 316L Thus nickel-free and low-nickel duplex stainless steels offer a very attractive combination of high corrosion resistance coupled with cost effectiveness in a wide variety of corrosive media.     

Corrosion Behavior of Nitrogen Containing Hot Rolled 304LN in Nitric Acid Medium

The corrosion behaviour of 304LN stainless steels containing three different nitrogen content (0.132, 0.193, 0.406 wt% N) was investigated by potentiodynamic anodic polarization technique, in 1, 4, 6 M nitric acid and simulated high level waste (HLW) medium. The results showed that all three alloys exhibited good corrosion resistance in nitric acid and simulated HLW and the corrosion properties were found to be similar. Owing to the spontaneous formation of the protective chromium oxide passive film in nitric acid and simulated HLW, increasing the nitrogen content of the alloy did not indicate any discernable effect on the corrosion resistance in both media. It was also found that the oxidizing ions present in simulated HLW did not deteriorate the passive film stability of the nitrogen containing alloys. In chloride medium, the highest nitrogen content 304LN stainless steel showed a profound increase in pitting corrosion resistance when compared to the lower nitrogen content alloy. Optical and scanning electron microscopy was carried out to obtain information about the microstructure. The results of the investigation are discussed in the paper.     

超音速火焰喷涂鉄基粉末涂层取代硬镀铬在印刷行业的应用

目前,在印刷行业采用HVOF喷涂铁基合金涂层取代硬镀铬处理印刷辊成为必然的趋势。首先,采用喷涂AISI316L材料在此应用领域基本上可满足其抗腐蚀条件。不过,AISI316L材料的耐磨损性能却不能满足其应用环境。采用GTV公司的K2喷涂系统,使用两种不同的高铬含量和高硼含量硬合金材料可以达到更高的耐腐蚀性能和同等的抗磨损效果。当然,喷涂参数以及喷涂颗粒的状况和涂层的显微组织结构都需要进行优化。下文中对本涂层的耐磨和抗腐蚀性能与AISI316L材料和硬质合金材料进行了比较。新开发的铁基硬合金材料涂层的平均硬度可达850HV0.3。与传统的AISI316L涂层相比,在进行盐雾试验和摩擦磨损试验中,铁基合金材料涂层的耐腐蚀和抗磨损性能要高得多。试验结果得到证实,并且在目前全球顶尖的印刷设备生产商开始正式的投用。     

Effects of Carbon on the Corrosion Behaviour in Fe‐18Cr‐10Mn‐N‐C Stainless Steels

The effects of carbon on general and pitting corrosion behaviour of Fe‐18Cr‐10Mn‐(0.33～0.44)N‐(0～0.38)C alloys were investigated using potentiodynamic tests. Carbon made the nitrogen‐bearing alloys inert and thus promoted general corrosion resistance. These results were supported by experimental findings, such as elevated corrosion potential, reduced active dissolution rate, lowered passive potential and accelerated hydrogen evolution rate in sulphuric acid solution. The resistance to pitting corrosion in chloride solution was also enhanced by the addition of carbon, which was attributed to the improvement of the stability of the passive film. XPS analysis revealed that the cationic fraction of chromium in the passive film was increased and hence the protection ability of the film was improved by the carbon addition.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定镍基体料中铜

采用盐酸、硝酸溶解样品, 加入氢氟酸和高氯酸, 加热蒸发至干, 以除去四氟化硅和过剩的氢氟酸, 然后以稀盐酸溶解可溶性盐类, 用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定溶液中的铜。考察了不同比例的混合酸溶解样品的效果, 对测定介质种类、酸度和共存元素的干扰进行了试验。结果表明：盐酸+硝酸+氢氟酸+高氯酸可以将样品消解完全;2.5%(体积分数)以内的盐酸介质不影响铜的测定;在100mL溶液中, 40mg镍、1mg钴、10mg铬对0.02mg铜的测定没有影响;200mg的铁对0.02mg以上的铜的测定也没有影响, 但不同量的铁对0.01~0.02mg铜的测定有所影响, 因此测定低含量铜时可采用在空白溶液中加入铁基体的方法消除干扰。铜的检出限为0.011μg/mL, 测定下限为0.038μg/mL。方法用于镍基体料实际样品分析, 测定结果的相对标准偏差（n=11）在1.7%～2.0%范围, 加标回收率在98%~108%之间。     

铸造超低碳镍基合金的含铬量对其组织与性能的影响

设计了耐盐酸复合介质的新型铸造超低碳镍基合金的化学成分，着重研究了含铬量对其组织与腐蚀行为的影响。试验结果表明，含有15％Cr的超低碳铸造Ni-Cr-Mo-Fe合金，在苛刻的盐酸复合介质中具有优良的耐蚀性能，并具有良好的机械性能、切削加工性能与铸造性能。     

锌冶炼工艺高铅废料中高含量氯的测定

基于高沸点酸可置换低沸点酸的原理,用稀硫酸处理高铅废料中的氯,加热到160℃时,样品中的氯以氯化氢的形式随水蒸气逸出,同时在溶液中加入硝酸溶液,在硝酸存在时,氯与硝酸根离子生成NOCl,含氯化合物易于分解,反应更完全。以氢氧化钠溶液作为吸收液,氯的吸收液经硝酸酸化后,用Volhard返滴定测定吸收液中的氯含量。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定粗硒中的银

当粗硒中的银量在5~500 g/t时,采用硝酸、盐酸溶解试样,加入硫酸挥发去除硒,在10%的盐酸介质中采用火焰原子吸收光谱仪测定银;当粗硒中的银量在300~10 000 g/t时,采用硝酸溶解,在25%的盐酸介质中采用火焰原子吸收光谱仪测定银。通过测定介质、基体和共存元素对粗硒中银测定的影响进行研究,其实验结果表明,共存元素对银的测定没有干扰,测定试液中硒质量浓度小于4 mg/m L时不干扰银的测定。该方法检出限低,测定结果准确、稳定,相对标准偏差为0.39%~8.62%,加入标准物质回收率为99.0%~102.4%,可用于粗硒中银量为5~10 000 g/t的测定。