增进居民社会交往的社区公共空间环境研究：理论逻辑与实施框架

社区公共空间作为城市居民日常生活的中心场所,能有效增进居民的社会交往。文章基于建成环境的主动式干预思路,梳理了社区公共空间增进居民交往的理论逻辑,尝试建立增进居民社会交往的公共空间环境研究框架,并提出研究重点：(1)探索居民交往行为规律及社区公共空间特征;(2)识别社区公共空间环境导控要素;(3)研判适宜交往的社区公共空间环境特征;(4)构建促进人群交往的社区公共空间环境。增进居民社会交往的社区公共空间环境理论逻辑与实施框架可为建设社区健康支持性环境提供理论与实践参考。     

浅析城市滨水区住宅设计

本文尝试对城市滨水区住宅群落进行疏浅的分析。将从城市滨水住区概念构成要素入手,明晰住区营造是一个整体意义上的住宅群落的建构,是为完成各层次居民居住、游憩、社会交往的实体空间和精神空间。     

居民行为活动与居住环境

介绍了居住环境的构成要素,并从研究空间环境本身和人在此环境中的行为活动入手,针对我国居住环境存在的问题,着重探讨了居民行为活动与居住的环境,以期为居民创造良好的生活环境。     

评价居住环境以及对定居意识的考察

在城市开发及居住区规划中,常常涉及两方面内容,一个是居民日常生活服务设施的方便程度;另一个则是居民社会交往的活动程度。 居民日常生活服务设施的规划,是物质规划;而居民的社会交往的规划,则是非物质规划。前者能通过区域空间定位来描述,而后者却不能。但后者恰是居住区规划中的重要因素,它涉及地区及居住区内的人际关系。 本文介绍的是,对居住环境的评价以及对定居意识的研究方法。     

居住环境社交空间分区探究——基于“多种空间分区理论”视角的实证研究

本篇意在研究宜居城市概念下居住环境与社会交往之间的关系,以北京地区居住空间环境为例,研究我国文化认知背景下的社交空间分区的模式及加强环境影响社交活动的空间可能性。理论回顾表明空间的"领域性"及"领域"的"可读性"是影响社会交往的两种重要空间品质。据此,从"多种空间分区理论"视角出发,通过对社交空间分区的分析,研究北京地区四类居住环境中空间作用于社会交往的模式;进而利用类型学分析,比较四类居住环境中"领域性"及"可读性"的空间表现;最后探讨通过空间设计帮助使用者"控制"其社交关系的可能策略。研究结论表明,多空间分区的"领域"划分模式和强调"领域"边界的界定方式有助于提升居住环境中使用者对其社交关系的"控制感",即加强居住环境与社会交往之间的联系。在北京地区居住环境中的具体空间表现为:嵌套式路网结构,公共到私密领域的过渡空间,对应社会关系亲密程度的多层级空间分区,以及能够被清晰认知的"领域"边界。     

居住建筑室外环境的设计探讨

居住建筑的室外空间是室内空间的伸展和延续，室内外空间的结合，使大自然渗透到居住空间之中．使生活环境丰富多彩，充满生机，这也是近些年来居民们越来越关注的新的生活需求。     

浅谈家庭居室的空间构成

人们在一定的地域空间内生活。决定了家庭具有两种最基本的特征:即它同时具有环境性和空间性。前者是指作为主体的人(家庭成员),在日常生活、自我肯定和社会交往过程中长期形成的居住文化的环境;后者是指满足居住生活的各种功能而进行的居室空间的限定与组织。本文就居室的空间性及其构成的基本要素、形态等,从理论上加以探讨。     

相遇空间:城市住区邻里互动空间营造研究——以黄岛开发区奋进路人才公寓为例

住区作为城市生活构成的最小单元,是记载和展示居民的生活状态的基本场所,其理想状态应该是物质环境建设与人文关怀构建并重。文章通过对住区邻里交往现状进行现场调研并总结分析存在问题,结合实际规划建设项目,从空间尺度、文化特质、交流空间层次等方面展开研究并提出相应的空间营造策略,增加邻里互动,提高居民对居住空间的归属感和认同感。     

新型郊区社区的邻里交往空间构建*——以南国乡村为例

居住空间有限、绿化环境有限、邻里交 往淡漠的现实使许多城市居民对“归园田居”式 的、充满人情味的乡村生活十分向往。新冠肺炎 疫情的出现和蔓延,使人们在抗击疫情的过程 中意识到人与人之间的善意与互助是共克时艰 的重要支撑。城市居民对充裕的生活空间与紧密 的邻里关系的渴望进一步提升。探索鼓励邻里 交往活动发生的空间因素,促进社区社交网络 的构建,是新的居住社区建设过程中面临的重 要问题。在国家实施乡村振兴策略的大背景下, 功能复合、特色鲜明的郊区社区建设逐渐开展, 这是一种实现城乡一体化、推动农村产业升级 的居住模式实践。生活在这类新型郊区社区的 居民,在没有亲缘联系与宗族文化凝聚的情况 下,自发形成了紧密的邻里社交网络。探索这类新型郊区社区居民社交网络形成的原因与相关的空 间因素,有助于在新社区规划与设计的过程中更为主动地引导良性邻里社交网络的建构。文章以 坐落于广西南宁市郊的南国乡村为分析案例,通过现场调查与居民访谈探讨以城市中产阶级居民 为主体的新型郊区社区的邻里关系构建,分析邻里交往空间是如何参与并影响这一构建过程,总 结促进邻里交往的公共空间建设原则为构建复合型社区功能空间、强调社区特色与归属感、营造 自然和谐的空间环境、建设多层级的邻里社交空间体系。     

建构以人为本的居住空间环境——山西省地方电力公司通廊跃层式高层住宅设计浅谈

居住空间环境是一个复杂的有机整体,其质量的优劣直接关系到人们的居住生活。随着居民经济水平的提高,人们对居住环境提出了深层次的要求,他们希望居住空间环境优美、亲切、安静、建筑空间造型独特、高品位。建筑师要不断更新观念,更多地关注人们对居住空间环境心理需求产生的变化,为居住者创造出更理想的空间环境。以下把省地方电力公司高层住宅（简称地电住宅）空间环境创造的体会写出来,望得到同行们指教。     

Beyond designer diversity: Planners, public space and a critical politics of difference

This article is concerned with the connection between the planning of public space, social justice and the politics of difference. I argue that, to remedy injustice in public spaces, planning must be informed by a critical politics of difference, which can distinguish between various kinds of social difference. The article outlines some important dimensions of a critical politics of difference with reference to three recent conflicts in Australian public spaces: over graffiti, a women's pool and the policing of public spaces in Perth.     

Beyond designer diversity: Planners,public space and a critical politics of difference

Abstract

This article is concerned with the connection between the planning of public space, social justice and the politics of difference. I argue that, to remedy injustice in public spaces, planning must be informed by a critical politics of difference, which can distinguish between various kinds of social difference. The article outlines some important dimensions of a critical politics of difference with reference to three recent conflicts in Australian public spaces: over graffiti, a women's pool and the policing of public spaces in Perth.     

关于人居环境科学的几点思考——读吴良镛先生所著《人居环境科学导论》

人居环境科学基于在中国复杂环境中实践所取得的成果，提出了一种新的解决中国人居问题的方法体系。该文通过对吴良庸先生所著的《人居环境科学导论》一书的学习与分析，针对人居环境科学理论体系本身和实施中存在的一些具体问题提出了自己的看法。     

适宜城市老人的户外环境研究

随着我国城市人口老龄化的迅速发展，研究适宜城市老人的居住环境显得越来越重要。本文依据老年人在生理、心理、社会三方面对户外环境的特殊需求，分析有助于维持老年人独立生活能力和身心健康的多层次多种类的户外活动环境，并分别提出家居老人和集居老人各种户外活动空间的设计和建议。     

Hard rain gonna fall: Strategies for sustainable urban drainage in informal settlements

Inadequate drainage of stormwater, greywater and sewage plagues informal settlement ‘slum’ dwellers throughout the developing world. Residents, local governments and others find drainage solutions hard to come by due both to physical challenges – densely packed shack homes and few roads or open spaces – and social challenges associated with the often contentious, turbulent and legally uncertain nature of informal settlements. While concepts of sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) and integrated water resource management (IWRM) hold promise for informal settlements, we find little practical guidance available for their application in these contexts. To begin filling this gap, we propose a simple model for understanding various informal settlement contexts and ‘upgrading’ strategies that affect drainage development strategies. We then use this model to report on a series of small projects in South Africa that illustrate social and structural dynamics and practical techniques relevant to implementing collaborative drainage efforts in informal settlements.     

The (in)formal,the (il)legal and the (il)licit. Roma informal settlements and institutional pragmatics of compromise and compassion in a Roman periphery

Using the lens of informal Roma settlements in the southwestern periphery of Rome, this article explores Romani approaches to urban space, showing how these are informed by heterogeneous understandings of non-Roma conceptions and practices of (in)formality, (il)legality and (il)licitness. The article also highlights complex and ambivalent attitudes concerning Roma and their informal settlements on the part of non-Roma residents of the neighboring district. Finally, it frames the existence of the informal settlements within the authorities' juggling of formal rejection and informal calculated acceptance of urban informality. The grey spaces that emerge from the convergence of institutional pragmatics of compromise and compassion are connected to governmental discourses that frame informal Roma settlements as dangerous and polluting spaces, and treat their inhabitants as exploitable labor force and politically expendable subjects. Urban (in)formality is also the space that Roma, like many non-Roma, navigate to cope with vulnerability and express their right to the city. Informal Roma settlements thus appear fully embedded in the political, socio-economic and cultural fabric of Rome, which embraces them precisely by treating them as separate polluting spaces.     

我国农村住区集约化布局评价指标与方法的研究进展和思考

回顾了我国关于城乡土地集约化利用评价指标与方法,包括综合指标体系方法、最优集约度法和各类信息技术方法及其研究进展,提出并分析了我国农村住区集约度的概念与基本特征,指出从"经济属性、社会属性、文化属性、空间属性和村民满意度(4+1)"方面,建构我国不同地域农村住区规划开放式数据库基本框架的思考,为建立全国范围典型农村住区类型的三维数据库打好基础,有效分类指导我国不同地域的新农村规划建设。     

Heterogeneous Spaces in the City: Study on Spatial Characteristics of Tibetan Settlements in Chengdu

Settlement of the minorities is a particular heterogeneous space in a metropolis,and such spaces exist as inseparable parts of the city for historical,social and geopolitical reasons.Taking Tibetan settlement in Wuhou District,Chengdu City for example,this study analyzed spatial features and evolution history of minority settlements,and explored how to respect and accept historic signifi cance and cultural value of these heterogeneous spaces during the rapid urban development,and then use them reasonably and reform creatively,so as to maintain their original spatial features and integrate the spaces into the overall urban structure.     

Women and the transformation of domestic spaces for income generation in Dhaka bustees

A widespread phenomenon of Third World cities is using homes not only for shelter, but also for income generation through informal-sector activities. Today, many women from low-income settlements have the potential to self-create jobs and have shown significant results in creating working spaces in their homes, despite every limitation. Although there exists a vast literature about gender issues and home-based jobs as a survival strategy, the types of jobs and the way women create and transform domestic spaces for various economic activities have yet to be explored. One objective for today’s global market is the targeting of women as cheap labor, achieved by using their domestic spaces within the sub-contracting system, especially in the low-income settlements of Third World cities. In Dhaka’s bustees, similar features can be observed as a number of NGOs have introduced training programs and micro credit, especially for women to use their domestic spaces for income generation. This study explores the potential of the women and the domestic spaces in the bustees; and how the women are involved in such economic activities in Dhaka. Three bustee settlements, based on different housing policies, have been investigated to explore home based jobs and the physical spaces. Two factors (tenure security and location) are important in categorizing the home based jobs and the extent of transformation in these settlements.     

基于聚落分形同构研究的村镇人居空间设计 ——以楚雄地区彝族传统聚落为例

传统聚落及民居凝结着在地居民的经验智慧, 是在地文化的主要体现形式。但随着生活方式的改变,彝族民居中的火塘、厦子等典型空间的功能属性逐渐湮灭,其精神属性也无从归属,加剧传统地区建筑特色的日渐消退。将分形同构应用于楚雄彝族聚落空间定性分析,通过探究实例中空间形式在不同尺度和层级上的相似性,以及形式背后的社会文化不同层级间存在的相似特征,进而归纳出空间形式与社会文化、生活方式和宗教习俗的高度一致性,并总结出基于这种分形同构的楚雄地区彝族聚落空间秩序定性分析方法,选取李方村重新构建承载集体记忆的各层级人居空间,探索分形同构视角下营造新型民居及聚落的可能性,为现代地域建筑特色的探索创作提供更多思考方式。