Multi-perspective digital image correlation method using a single color camera

A novel 3 D digital image correlation(DIC) system based on a single three charge-couple device(3 CCD) color camera is proposed in this paper. Images from three different perspectives are captured by a 3 CCD camera using a reflective-based pseudo-vision system. These images are then separated by the different CCD channels, and the correlation algorithm for the multi-camera DIC system is adopted to evaluate the images. Compared to the conventional multi-camera DIC system, the proposed system is much more compact. In addition, the proposed system has no loss of spatial resolution, compares to the traditional single camera DIC system. The complex surface measurement ability and the measurement accuracy is significantly improved through the use of the multi-camera DIC algorithm. The principle of the proposed system is described in detail as well as the experimental setup. A series of validation tests are performed, and the results are verified with the commercial 3 D-DIC system.     

Visual attention and clustering-based automatic selection of landmarks using single camera

An improved method with better selection capability using a single camera was presented in comparison with previous method. To improve performance, two methods were applied to landmark selection in an unfamiliar indoor environment. First, a modified visual attention method was proposed to automatically select a candidate region as a more useful landmark. In visual attention, candidate landmark regions were selected with different characteristics of ambient color and intensity in the image. Then, the more useful landmarks were selected by combining the candidate regions using clustering. As generally implemented, automatic landmark selection by vision-based simultaneous localization and mapping（SLAM） results in many useless landmarks, because the features of images are distinguished from the surrounding environment but detected repeatedly. These useless landmarks create a serious problem for the SLAM system because they complicate data association. To address this, a method was proposed in which the robot initially collected landmarks through automatic detection while traversing the entire area where the robot performed SLAM, and then, the robot selected only those landmarks that exhibited high rarity through clustering, which enhanced the system performance. Experimental results show that this method of automatic landmark selection results in selection of a high-rarity landmark. The average error of the performance of SLAM decreases 52% compared with conventional methods and the accuracy of data associations increases.     

单光纤光栅对温度与应变的同步测量

提出了一种采用单光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)进行温度与应变同步测量的新颖设计。一根FBG被分成等长的两部分,用环氧胶水涂敷在其中一部分的表面,再套上金属套管,此时可以看成具有不同的布拉格波长的2个FBG,利用它们之间不同的杨氏模量和热膨胀系数,应变和温度能够同步测量。实验结果表明,在2700με和75℃的测量范围内,可以达到约6.1με和1.0℃的应变和温度精确度,误差主要来源于光谱仪分辨率的限制和FBG其中一部分的胶水涂抹不够均匀,通过使用高分辨率的解调仪和提高胶水涂抹工艺可得到更高的测量精确度。     

用数码相机测量斜拉桥拉索模型的变形

结合数字近景摄影测量技术的优点及斜拉桥拉索变形的特点,利用普通数码相机对斜拉桥拉索模型的变形进行非接触式测量。考虑到相机光学畸变的直接线性变换,在确定变形平面的基础上,利用单张相片求解目标点物方三维坐标。介绍了实验的整个过程,包括控制点布设、相片拍摄、参数求解、变形平面确定、拉索上目标点变形值计算等。通过对已知点检验证明了用本文方法得到的变形测量精度能满足对桥梁模型进行分析研究的要求。     

高速运动物体飞行参数的CCD测量方法研究

高速运动物体的飞行参数的测量如：坐标测量着靶位置、偏航及飞行姿态等是弹箭类常规武器试验的关键项目。本文从CCD原理出发,通过高速数据采集,计算机图像处理,用扫描CCD相机对上述参数的测量方法进行探索和研究。由试验证明,该方法是一种全新、实时和准确的好方法。     

一种新型的利用普克尔元件的空间电场测量系统

本文介绍一种新型的利尔元件测量空间电场的测量系统。该系统中由电场调制的激光光强经光电变换后，由单片机完成信号的重复采集和数据处理，从而消除激光光强波动和噪声对测量精度的影响。即使用普通的稳定度不高的激光源也能获得满意的测量精度。     

DSCM在中温环境下SnSb8.5焊丝变形测量中的应用研究

研究了无铅中的一种SnSb8．5焊丝的力学性能，它是大变形材料并且在中温环境下进行应变测量，因此，普通引伸计不适用．在此，介绍了一种非接触式的应变测量方法——数字散斑相关法（DSCM）．DSCM有着全场、非接触、高精度和易操作方面的突出优点，将DSCM应用于中温环境中SnSb8．5无铅焊丝的应变测量．首先用实验验证了此方法的可行性，再将其应用于中温环境中SnSb8．5焊丝的力学性能测试，并成功得出了应力应变数据，为无铅材料的推广应用提供了理论依据．     

切削变形规律观测装置的设计与实验分析

根据实验教学的经验,研究了金属切削过程中采集试样标本的“快速落刀”装置和制备试样样本的镶嵌机,并进行了切削变形规律观察和测量,取得了一定的实验效果,设计的两种装置,被用于本科生的实验教学和研究生的课题实验中,由于它制造容易,成本价低,结构简单,使用方便,采集和制备试样稳靠,作为本科生课堂的实验装置和研究生的课题试验装置是可行的.     

探讨单台摄像机结合计算机软件摄制精品课程

主要根据福建工程学院拍摄精品课程实践经验,探讨单台摄像机与计算机软件相结合对精品课程进行摄制的方法。单台摄像机与计算机软件相结合摄制精品课程教学录像片,资金投入少、人员动员少、制作时间短,不失为中小规模学校摄制精品课程录像片一种借鉴途径。     

深度相机与惯性测量单元的相对姿态标定

为解决深度相机和惯性测量单元之间相对姿态难以直接测量的问题,提出一种通过捕捉同一手部运动来构造位移向量继而利用最小二乘法求取两传感器相对姿态的非接触式标定方法.首先描述和分析一类相对位姿时变的深度相机和惯性测量单元的相对姿态标定问题,然后使用深度相机与惯性测量单元同时捕获手部向空间任意方向摆动的运动信息,构造相应的位移向量,进而基于刚体旋转不变性原理建立求解模型,最后使用最小二乘法求取最佳相对姿态,即标定结果.为验证标定方法的准确性和有效性,一方面组织标定解算结果和白噪声仿真数据比对从而得出偏差估计的实验,结果表明标定后相对姿态偏差少于±4°;另一方面使用深度相机和惯性测量单元组成的传感系统对人手臂运动进行捕捉实验,结果表明标定后测得数据方可正确反映人手臂参数.本文所提出的标定方法原理简单、操作方便、无需接触测量或其它辅助标定设备,适用于机器人远程操纵和体感游戏设备等场景相应传感器标定中.     

GD—96型鼓轮式高速摄影机电控仪设计

介绍了ＧＤ９６型鼓轮式高速摄影机电控仪的关键技术,该电控仪可用于控制ＧＳ９６型高速摄影机和ＸＧＳ３型狭缝式高速摄影机．     

冬季供热温度测量控制器设计

论述了冬季供热温度测量控制器设计与制作.通过测温电路采集室内温度,根据用户设定的温度改变脉冲阀的开关状态,从而控制通过暖气片的热水流量,达到控制室内温度的目的;由RS485接口与主机进行通信,传递温度、时间信息.     

Real-time auto-focusing technique using centroid method for space camera

A real-time auto-focusing system with auto-collimation method is introduced, which is used in auto-detecting the focus of the space camera with long focus. Auto-focusing is the key technique to ensure high quality in space imaging. It can measure and compensate the defocus caused by the change of temperature and air pressure etc. in space. To solve the problem of auto-focusing with auto-collimation method of the camera whose axis is perpendicular to the ground, it is designed that two small caliber pentagonal prisms are placed in the area of aperture suitable to the camera’s relative aperture based on the theory of auto-focusing with auto-collimation, which can replace the big caliber plane reflector used in other cameras. Using the characteristic of pentagonal prism refracting light vertically, the target slit is imaged in CCD through the two-separated lens. It transforms the detecting of the axial defocusing quantity to the landscape orientation measurement of the faculae’s position in the direction of CCD pixels. The defocusing quantity is obtained by measuring the opposite position of the two faculae on the CCD. The Centroid method is adopted to measure the position of the auto-collimation faculae. The arithmetic error is analyzed especially, and the causation is given. Experiments show that this real-time auto-focusing system using centroid method is reliable and the focusing precision can reach ±0.01 mm.     

铁路散堆装货物密度计量装置的研究

散堆装货物在单位容器内的密度 ,是确定装载该货物车厢装载参数的依据 ,提出了利用单片机实现散堆装货物密度计量的方法 ,介绍了其工作原理及软、硬件设计过程 该装置将大大提高散堆装货物计量的工作效率 ,可应用于需进行散堆装货物密度计量的各行业和部门     

基于单目RGB摄像机的三维人脸表情跟踪算法

利用单目摄像机对人脸表情进行三维跟踪有两个关键问题,一是从单幅图像中重建人脸的三维模型,二是建立不同三维模型之间稠密的对应关系。针对上述问题,提出一种有效的三维人脸表情跟踪算法。对输入的各帧人脸图像进行自动特征点检测,并根据2D特征点,利用Multilinear Model重建不同表情的三维模型。通过将三维模型重投影至图像空间,计算各帧图像间的Optic Flow与Sift Flow对应。根据图像间的对应关系,利用Laplacian网格变形对三维模型进行修正,建立不同表情之间三维的稠密对应。试验表明,该方法可以重建出较为真实的三维人脸表情模型,同时可以精确跟踪连续变化的三维表情序列。     

基于融合约束局部模型的三维人脸特征点定位

提出基于特征融合约束局部模型的三维人脸特征点定位算法. 该算法对每个特征点分别使用三维网格的深度信息和网格局部形状信息训练分类器,对分类器的响应进行融合. 使用基于融合响应的正则化特征点均值漂移算法进行模型拟合,实现特征点定位. 三维人脸特征点定位经常需要对每个特征点的候选点集进行遍历产生候选点组合,该算法使用模型拟合代替穷举搜索,避免了嵌套循环带来的快速增长的时间开销. 使用FRGC v2.0和Bosphorus数据库,对算法进行实验评估. FRGC v2.0库上的特征点平均误差为2.48~4.12 mm,总体检测成功率为97.3%,其中中性、温和及极端表情下的检测成功率分别为97.6%、97.4%和95.5%. Bosphorus库上3种姿态下的检测成功率分别是94%、95%和89%. 实验结果表明,提出方法具有较好的效果,对表情和小幅度的姿态变化具有较好的鲁棒性.     

基于MEMS传感阵列的海底地形形变原位监测装置

为了满足南海天然气水合物资源试采环境评价的迫切需要,提出基于微机电系统（MEMS）传感阵列的海底地形形变监测技术及装置.开发基于MEMS传感阵列的多点同步采集系统,在实验室理想环境测试中,实现30 m×30 m区域的地形原位监测,地形形变监测分辨率优于5 cm且监测误差小于13 mm.构建三维海底地形变形矢量模型,利用MEMS传感器的扭转角和各节的长度确定传感阵列变形后的空间位置,采用细分算法拟合获得地形的表面形态.所提海底地形形变监测装置在水深为1 203 m的天然气水合物试采区完成连续6个月的原位监测.海试结果表明,MEMS传感阵列观测到的地形最大沉降量为2 cm,最大抬升量为10 cm.     

An accurate loading experimental measurement device for superplastic free bulging

Superplastic alloy has very strong structure sensitivity. Superplastic bulging with a die of the plate is related not only to stress state but also closely to loading paths. It is an important basis for bulging forming with a die to study deformation law and experimental apparatus for superplastic free bulging, because the boundary of test piece is fixed and friction is insignificant for free bulging. In the paper, a pure high-pressure argon gas source is used as the loading media after it is heated by the heating system outside the furnace, which improves the heating efficiency and temperature uniformity of the test piece. The photoelectric non-contact measurement device can avoid negative influence on the additional stress and uneven temperature at the peak of bulging part caused by push rod in the contact measurement. The temperature and pressure of the test piece in cylindrical insulation furnace with blank holder give feedback control to improve the control precision. In loading gas channels, the pressure is adjusted by accurately measuring and controlling the rotation angle of the stepping motor, and is loaded by an electro-magnetic valve. It significantly increases the response characteristics of the control pressure. This paper also introduces steps and methods to realize several typical loading paths, such as constant pressure, jump pressure and additional back & differential pressure loading. These provide a new way to measure the strain rate sensitivity index m value and improve the deformation speed of superplastic free bulging.     

单矢量水听器ESPRIT波达方向估计算法

针对自相关算法的局限性,提出了一种基于高阶累积量的单矢量水听器ESPRIT算法.该算法首先对单个矢量水听器接收数据作-任意的时间延迟,以时间变元为旋转因子,构造了2个具有相同阵形的子阵,然后将高分辨信号子空间类方法的正交化原理及旋转子空间不变原理引入累积量域,得到基于高阶累积量切片的ESPRIT方法.仿真结果表明,借助高阶累积量的方法,在高斯白噪声下,ESPRIT算法能完全抑制高斯白噪声的影响,在高斯色噪声条件下,信噪比6dB以上该方法还是能获得高精度、高分辨率的渐近无偏估计.     

Hull deformation measurement for spacecraft TT&C ship by Photogrammetry

When voyaging,ships are subject to inevitable hull deformations caused by the changes in the environmental temperature and external stress.These are a crucial source of errors when measuring data using a spacecraft tracking,telemetry,and control(TTC) ship.A prototype system based on photogrammetry was developed for the real-time measurement of a spacecraft TTC ship's hull deformation.This system has high accuracy,a simple structure,and convenient maintenance,and requires few changes to the ship's structures.To improve its performance,an estimation approach is proposed for hull deformation angles.With the proposed approach,the central positions of cross spots in successive frames can be predicted based on the prediction of the camera's attitude,and their extract locations can be found by defining a series of small windows around each predictive location.Then,the optimal estimate of the camera's attitude is updated by the designed extended Kalman filter using the extracted cross spots and their corresponding local coordinates,with which the hull deformation angles can be found.To verify the proposed measurement approach,its performance was tested during the normal sailing,floating,and rocking on the sea of a spacecraft TTC ship.The experimental testing results demonstrated that the proposed approach performs well in terms of accuracy and robustness.It can satisfy the hull deformation measurement requirement for a spacecraft TTC ship in real time.