絮凝法处理甘蔗渣蒸煮黑液

在碱性条件下吸附絮凝处理甘蔗渣蒸煮黑液。通过实验获得适宜吸附絮凝条件为：膨润土用量120 g/L,双氰胺-甲醛絮凝剂用量6 mL/L,反应温度40 ℃,快速搅拌时间2 min,澄清时间25 h。分析表明:吸附絮凝沉淀物中除含大量木质素外,还含有氮、钾等营养元素,为制备固体有机肥料创造了条件;上层清液可作为工艺水循环使用。     

预絮凝-Fenton-磁助凝处理环氧氯丙烷废水

采用预絮凝-Fenton-磁助凝耦合工艺处理环氧氯丙烷废水,对影响工艺的主要影响因素进行了研究和优化.预絮凝过程中,选择最佳pH值、聚合氯化铝(PAC)加入量、聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)加入量,CODCr去除率可达到最大值30.5％.Fenton过程中选择最佳pH值、双氧水加入量和FeSO4加入量,反应时间为40 min时,...     

两性壳聚糖复合絮凝剂对印染废水的絮凝性能研究

以两性壳聚糖为絮凝剂处理了丝绸印染废水,并与羧甲基壳聚糖、壳聚糖季铵盐、聚合氯化铝和聚丙烯酰胺的絮凝性能进行了比较,研究了废水的pH、絮凝剂的质量浓度、助凝剂的类型及其与两性壳聚糖的复配比对其絮凝性能的影响.结果表明,两性壳聚糖的絮凝性能优于羧甲基壳聚糖、壳聚糖季铵盐、聚合氯化铝和聚丙烯酰胺;在pH为5.0～6.0、絮凝剂两性壳聚糖的质量浓度为90 mg/L时,废水的COD去除率可达76.8%;助凝剂的加入可提高两性壳聚糖对COD的去除率.在m(助凝剂):m(絮凝剂)=40、混凝剂的加入量为2 500～3 000 mg/L时,废水COD的去除率可在80%以上.     

聚硅酸铝铁絮凝剂处理造纸黑液研究

利用新型无机高分子絮凝剂聚硅酸铝铁对造纸黑液进行混凝处理研究。通过烧杯混凝试验,着重研究了pH值、聚硅酸铝铁投加量、聚硅酸铝铁和聚丙烯酰胺共同作用对混凝效果的影响。试验结果表明,黑液CODCr的质量浓度为5850mg/L情况下,在较宽的pH值范围内,聚硅酸铝铁对CODCr的去除率超过50%;聚硅酸铝铁的最佳投加量为300mg/L时,CODCr去除率为62.4%,木质素及色度分别达到90%和72%的去除效果;在与聚丙烯酰胺共同作用后,形成矾花密实、沉降时间缩短。     

有机高分子絮凝剂处理炼油废水的初步研究

用有机高分子絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)与壳聚糖分别处理炼油废水,考察了pH、温度、絮凝剂投加量、沉降时间等因素对絮凝效果的影响。结果表明,壳聚糖的处理效果优于PAM;PAM处理炼油废水的最佳条件为:用量3 mg/L,pH为8,温度30℃,沉降时间40 min,此时石油类物质的去除率达97.96%,COD去除率达90.92%,NH3—N去除率达54.36%;壳聚糖处理炼油废水的最佳条件为:用量100 mg/L,pH为8,温度35℃,沉降时间40 min,此时石油类物质的去除率达98.33%,COD去除率达92.25%,NH3—N去除率达52.60%。     

复配絮凝法脱除柠檬酸废水中的铝

以聚合氯化铝和聚丙烯酰胺为原料,复配絮凝工业含铝的柠檬酸废水,考察了不同废水pH,复配絮凝剂投加量、有机无机絮凝剂投加比不同的情况下铝元素的去除率。研究结果表明,在pH在7左右、投加量为30mL、聚铝：聚丙烯酰胺的比为1：4、静置时间为2h、混合搅拌速率为50r／min的条件下,复配絮凝剂对废水中铝的去除率可达94％以上。     

离心-絮凝沉淀-膜分离处理红薯淀粉废水的研究

开展了离心-絮凝沉淀-膜分离法对红薯淀粉废水的预处理实验研究。结果表明,在废水pH为4.4、离心分离因素(RCF)为2 500时,1 L淀粉废水离心得到55.8 g的沉淀物,沉淀物中淀粉、蛋白质的质量分数分别为75.8%、6.6%;离心上清液中依次加入为1 000 mg/L的聚合氯化铝和15 mg/L的聚丙烯酰胺,絮凝沉淀后废水的浊度、COD去除率分别达98.8%、80.0%;絮凝沉淀上清液中残留的有机物主要为乳酸、乙酸、乙醇,其质量浓度分别为2.9、1.4、1.4 g/L;纳滤膜DL、反渗透膜BW30处理絮凝上清液后,废水残留COD分别为3.477、1.797 g/L,膜透过液可采用生化处理或综合利用。红薯淀粉废水经预处理后,减轻了后续生化处理系统的负担,回收了淀粉等有机物。     

CTS/PAM/PAC絮凝剂处理造纸废水的应用研究

为了改善传统絮凝剂聚合氯化铝/聚丙烯酰胺(PAC/PAM)的絮凝效果,本课题研究了壳聚糖/聚合氯化铝/聚丙烯酰胺(CTS/PAM/PAC)复合絮凝剂的制备方法,考察了絮凝剂用量、pH值、搅拌速率和搅拌时间等因素对造纸废水CODcr和浊度去除效果的影响.结果表明:当复合絮凝剂中CTS、PAM和PAC用量分别为12 mg/L、60 mg/L和200 mg/L时,在pH值为7.2、搅拌速率和搅拌时间分别为80 r/min和8 min条件下,絮凝效果最好,CODcr与浊度的去除率分别为53.9％和98.6％.与PAC/PAM混合絮凝剂相比,CODcr与浊度的去除率分别提高了13.2％和5.9％,药剂成本下降了21.1％,因此,CTS/PAM/PAC絮凝剂具有明显的环境效益与经济效益.     

快速消解分光光度法测定造纸黑液酸析絮凝木质素

介绍了通过快速消解分光光度法测定造纸黑液分离酸析絮凝木质素后滤液化学需氧量(COD)值计算木质素含量的方法.建立了COD值对吸光度的工作曲线.分别考察了pH、温度、絮凝剂用量对COD值的影响,得到了最佳工艺条件,分析了呈现的规律和原因.     

基于响应面法优化絮凝沉降处理气田不含醇采出水

以H2O2为氧化剂,NaOH为pH调节剂,聚合氯化铝与聚丙烯酰胺为复合絮凝剂,通过响应面法考察絮凝工艺对不含醇采出水中固体悬浮物及油的去除效果。结果表明,各药剂的显著顺序为聚合氯化铝pH调节剂氧化剂聚丙烯酰胺;药剂最优添加量:氧化剂616 mg/L,pH调节剂161 mg/L,聚合氯化铝213 mg/L,聚丙烯酰胺3.3mg/L。在此条件下,不含醇采出水的水质总指标实际值为70.3%,与响应面模型预测值误差仅为2.23%,两者吻合度良好。     

麦草制浆造纸黑液的处理新工艺研究

对麦草制浆造纸黑液的处理工艺进行了报道,在酸析时加入硫酸铝,木质素析出更加完全,混合絮凝能有效去除污染成份,为中小型造纸厂黑液的治理提供了新途径。     

Preparation and characterization of novel polymer hydrogel from industrial waste and copolymerization of poly(vinyl alcohol) and polyacrylamide

A novel hydrogel was prepared from industrial waste to form a green polymer with a higher swelling capacity. This hydrogel was synthesized by two methods for chemical crosslinking, namely crosslinking by radical polymerization and crosslinking by addition reaction. In crosslinking by radical polymerization, graft copolymerization of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and polyacrylamide (PAAm) was carried out using ceric ammonium sulfate in presence of N,N',‐methylenebisacrylamide, and then mixed with the black liquor resulting from alkaline pulping of rice straw. While, in crosslinking by addition reaction, the same above reagents were mixed with the black liquor in absence of the initiator. The black liquor is an industrial waste resulting from the pulping method and consists of dissolved lignin and carbohydrates. The black liquor causes environmental water pollution due to its dumping into the sea. The formed hydrogels were characterized using FT‐IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was noted that the hydrogel prepared by radical polymerization showed high swelling capacity, 60.00%, compared to that prepared by the addition reaction, 27.27%. The hydrogels formed were used also to study the influence of sodium chloride on the absorption capacity at room temperature and swelling ratios at different temperatures and pHs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

Cleaner Production of Wheat Straw Pulp HUANG

1 INTRODUCTION China is one of the largest non-wood pulping countries because of the shortage of forest resources. Usually pulp mills are located in the countryside in China and caustic soda or lime is used as cooking reagent, which produces high pH wastewater with high content of organic pollutants. Black liquor from straw digestion contains high content of silicate and is highly viscous, so it is difficult to recover alkali from the black liquor. The investment of alkali recovery appa…     

黑液和碱木素在石油工业中的应用

本文综述了碱法制浆黑液以及碱木素在石油工业中的应用。黑液可以直接作为低粘度稠油的驱油剂,也可作为高粘度稠油的降粘剂。与蒸汽驱或蒸汽吞吐配合使用,可显著地提高稠油的采收率。从黑液中分离出的碱木素,可用作钻井泥浆添加剂、注水或注蒸汽采油的堵水剂和调剖剂、表面活性剂驱油的牺牲剂、污水处理的絮凝剂等。在石油工业中充分利用碱法制浆黑液和碱木素,对解决黑液污染问题,降低油田化学剂成本,具有重要意义。     

Cleaner Production of Wheat Straw Pulp

A pulping method using NH4OH with less amount of KOH as cooking liquor on wheat straw was developed. KOH could reduce consumption of NH3 and cooking time for its strong alkalinity. The effects of various pulping conditions such as composition of cooking liquor, liquid-to-solid ratio, maximum temperature, cooking time to the maximum temperature and cooking time at the maximum temperature were studied. Experimental results indicated that the rate of delignification was 85.12% and the pulp yield was 49.65% under suitable pulping conditions. It looks promising to use black liquor containing nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic substance as fertilizer resources for agricultural production. A new pattern of ecological cycling may be set up between paper industry and farming.     

zeta电位与菌悬液絮凝活性

通过克雷伯杆菌、有机高分子絮凝剂表面zeta电位分析和絮凝实验,初步研究了有机高分子絮凝剂对克雷伯杆菌的絮凝特性和絮凝机理。zeta电位测定表明克雷伯杆菌的等电点大致为2.2,阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（cPAM）表面的零电点约为8.0,非离子聚丙烯酰胺（nPAM）和阴离子聚丙烯酰胺（aPAM）表面均带有少量负电荷。pH<8,cPAM带正电,能与带负电的菌体电中和,显示良好的絮凝效果,最佳絮凝条件为pH7,絮凝率（FR）达94.5%。加入无机电解质后,nPAM絮凝效果变化最明显,pH4时絮凝率达95.1%,结果表明,克雷伯杆菌发酵液絮凝除菌过程是以电性中和为主,吸附架桥为辅。     

微波辐射制备木质素基陶瓷添加剂及应用研究

以马尾松硫酸盐法制浆黑液为原料,采用微波辐射技术进行羟甲基化、磺化反应,制备改性木质素基陶瓷添加剂（LST）。通过正交实验得到最佳反应条件：HCHO用量为3％（占黑液质量分数）,NaHS03用量为6％（占黑液质量分数）,磺化温度为110°C,磺化反应的微波功率为450W,磺化时间为25min;用红外光谱法测定了LST结构特征参数并进行了产品的应用研究。实验结果表明,当LST的添加量为0．6％（占陶瓷粉料质量分数）时,陶瓷浆料流出时间为20S,比重为1．705g／mL,生坯强度为2．618MPa,皆优于对比样。     

Recovery and characterization of lignin from alkaline straw pulping black liquor: As feedstock for bio‐oil research

Conversion of lignin derived from lignocellulosic biomass to bio‐oil has the promising potential to significantly reduce petroleum dependence. For that purpose, it is necessary to search for a low‐cost lignin source. In this study, lignin sample was separated from straw pulping black liquor by HCl‐precipitation, followed by extraction with a mixture of dioxane and water. The content of lignin in the total black liquor solid reached up to 34.8%, determined by UV spectroscopy, and the yield could account for 74.4% of the total lignin composition. The structure of lignin was investigated by various spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, ¹H‐NMR, XRD, and XPS. The structural analysis revealed that recovered lignin preserved basic lignin structure, but had relatively lower amount of β‐O‐4 linkages. The molecular weights were studied through THF‐eluted GPC showing that separated lignin had the low M_n, which was favorable for the full degradation process during conversion of lignin to bio‐oil. Therefore, a feasible solution for effective utilization of lignin in straw pulping black liquor as feedstock for bio‐oil was proposed in the study. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 42057.     

Electrochemical Treatment of Black Liquor from Straw Pulping

Abstract

The conventional black liquor regeneration process is not always suitable for pulping plants of nonwood fibers due to the unfavorable ratio of organic to inorganic solids. This paper presents an alternative treatment based on an electrolysis process of the soda black liquor from straw pulping. This alternative method minimizes the environmental impact by recovering the caustic at the same time that the liquor is acidified, which favors the later separation of the lignin.     

麦草氨法制浆工艺及动力学

1 INTRODUCTION Under the pressure of rising consumption on wood resource, more attention has been paid to using non-wood raw materials in papermaking industry. Pulping on non-wood fiber material is expected to increase from 7%—8% at the present to 10%—15% in 2010 in the world[1]. Non-wood material, particularly wheat straw, are exploited as the main raw material for papermaking in China because of the limited wood resource with a forest coverage of only 13.94%[2]. The main problem that …