X80管线钢埋弧焊接头冲击韧性及其断口形貌分析

对X80管线钢埋弧焊焊接接头进行了-80～20℃温度范围的夏比冲击实验。测试了其冲击吸收功和脆性断面率,用扫描电镜观察了其断口形貌,分析了焊接接头断裂形式和断口形貌,讨论了焊接接头的韧脆转变温度和冲击断裂的力学行为。结果表明,室温时断口为韧窝状分布,焊接接头的韧脆转变温度为-28℃;断口形貌由韧性断裂向脆性断裂转变,断口主要表现为解理断裂。     

风力发电机主轴用34CrNiMo6钢的韧脆转变温度分析

为获得风力发电机主轴用34CrNiMo6合金结构钢的韧脆转变温度,沿其径向不同位置处制取V型冲击试样,并在-110~25℃进行了夏比冲击试验,利用Boltzman函数对剪切断面率与温度进行拟合,得到韧脆转变温度曲线并获得脆性断面占50%所对应的试验温度(即FATT50)。利用扫描电镜分别观察试样脆性及韧性断口形貌,简要分析了该材料在脆性及韧性条件下的断裂行为。试验结果表明:该主轴用34CrNiMo6钢的韧脆转变温度在-50~-70℃,且主轴表面的韧脆转变温度比芯部的稍低。较高试验温度下试样塑性断口表现出典型的韧窝状形貌,随着试验温度的降低,逐渐向解理形貌过渡。     

13Cr11Ni2W2MoV马氏体热强不锈钢的韧-脆转变及脆化机理

13Cr11Ni2W2MoV马氏体热强不锈钢用于制备航天火工品构件时,服役温度低至-196℃,需其具有良好的低温冲击韧性.为此本实验研究了13Cr11Ni2W2MoV不锈钢在-150～100℃的夏比冲击性能.采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电镜分析其显微组织及冲击断口形貌,结合冲击能量及脆性断面率确定了韧-脆转变温度(DBTT),分析了韧-脆转变规律.结果表明:13Cr11Ni2W2MoV不锈钢的DBTT为-35.5℃.温度由100℃降低到-150℃,13Cr11Ni2W2MoV不锈钢的冲击吸收功由180 J降低至30 J.断口放射区主要表现为由撕裂棱和解理面共存的准解理断裂模式,随着温度降低,放射区解理台阶的高度减小,撕裂棱的宽度变窄.纤维区及剪切唇区表现为韧性断裂模式,断口以韧窝为主,随温度降低韧窝的数量及深度减少.裂纹萌生能量及稳定裂纹扩展过程中吸收的能量随温度降低显著下降,裂纹扩展的难度变低,因此发生了韧-脆转变.韧-脆转变的可能原因为低温下位错难以产生和滑动.     

δ-Fe对ZG06Gr13Ni4Mo不锈钢韧脆转变温度的影响

通过分析影响ZG06Cr13Ni4Mo不锈钢材料韧脆转变温度的因素,表明δ-Fe是降低此材料的抗低温冲击能力的主要原因。对此材料进行优化,减少δ-Fe含量,使材料具有良好的抗低温冲击能力。随后通过扫描电镜得到低温冲击试样断口形貌,显示此材料在极低的温度下仍保留良好的韧窝状韧性断口形貌,随温度降低,冲击断口会呈从完全韧窝状变成韧窝-解理状,再到完全解理状的变化规律。     

温度对退火态6.5%Si—Fe热轧合金塑性的影响

本文研究了退火态6.5%Si-Fe热轧合金在不同温度下拉伸时的力学性能，并观察了拉伸断口形貌及退火态6.5%Si-Fe热轧合金的金相组织。结果表明，经750℃保温140min后，6.5%Si-Fe热轧合金的层状组织消除；其断裂模式随拉伸温度的升高迅速由理解断裂向韧性断裂转变；在200℃拉伸时，为纯解理断口，此时该合金即具有高达26%的延伸率；但是在200℃-400℃温区，延伸率未随温度的升高而显著增大，其断口形貌为解理 韧窝的混合断口；在500℃拉伸时，为纯韧窝断口，其延伸率可达43%。     

高压燃气站螺旋焊管韧脆转变温度的测试

分别对某高压燃气站进站螺旋焊管母材和焊缝进行了系列温度(-80~20℃)冲击试验,并综合冲击吸收能量-温度曲线和冲击断口形貌对该焊管的韧脆转变温度及适用温度进行了测定与分析。结果表明:该高压燃气站焊管母材和焊缝的韧脆转变温度(50%冲击吸收能量转变温度ETT50)分别为-34.73℃和-37.02℃;根据ISO 3183-2007,该焊管母材和焊缝分别能满足在-80℃和-40℃低温环境下的使用要求。     

X70管线钢焊接热影响区的局部脆化

研究了热循环对Ｘ７０管线钢焊接的热影响区低温脆性的影响及其断口特征,重点探讨了二次热循环对粗晶区性能的影响。结果表明,随着峰温的提高,低温冲击韧性下降,峰温９５０℃时韧性最好,断口形貌为韧窝状;峰温１２００℃和１３６０℃时韧性低于母材,发生脆化,断口形貌为解理状。粗晶区再经峰温９５０℃第二次热循环作用韧性提高,断口形貌转变为准解理状;再经７８０℃第二次热循环作用产生严重脆化,断口形貌为解理状,再经     

AZ31B变形镁合金TIG焊接头组织及断口形貌分析

以AZ31变形镁合金为研究对象,采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜等测试手段对其TIG交流自动焊接头的微观组织和接头的断口形貌进行了观察分析,结果表明,在TIG自动焊条件下,AZ31B镁合金接头的焊缝区主要为细小的等轴晶,热影响区为粗大的过热组织,晶粒比较粗大,通过对接头断口形貌观察发现其接头断裂特征为韧-脆混合断裂.     

低碳双相钢冲击韧性及断裂特征

本文研究了低碳双相钢中不同体积百分比及不同强度比的铁素体、马氏体双相组织对钢的冲击韧性及断裂过程的影响。结果表明:马氏体数量增加使钢的韧性降低,回火温度升高使钢的韧性提高。冲击断口形貌由室温的韧窝型转变为-78℃时以准解理为主及-196℃时全部解理型。     

07Cr12NiMoVNb耐热钢回火脆性研究

通过冲击试验和断口形貌分析确定07Cr12NiMoVNb耐热钢有回火脆性,并存在二个回火脆性温度区间(450～525℃和575～625℃)。低温回火脆性到高温回火脆性区间的断口形貌从准解理+解理到解理+沿晶断裂,出现沿晶断裂时,冲击值最低。为方便工程上判断是否出现回火脆性,借用了韧/脆转变的(FATT50)概念。     

Experimental study on tensile property of AZ31B magnesium alloy at different high strain rates and temperatures

As the lightest metal material, magnesium alloy is widely used in the automobile and aviation industries. Due to the crashing of the automobile is a process of complicated and highly nonlinear deformation. The material deformation behavior has changed significantly compared with quasi-static, so the deformation characteristic of magnesium alloy material under the high strain rate has great significance in the automobile industry. In this paper, the tensile deformation behavior of AZ31B magnesium alloy is studied over a large range of the strain rates, from 700 s⁻¹ to 3 × 10³ s⁻¹ and at different temperatures from 20 to 250 °C through a Split-Hopkinson Tensile Bar (SHTB) with heating equipment. Compared with the quasi-static tension, the tensile strength and fracture elongation under high strain rates is larger at room temperature, but when at the high strain rates, fracture elongation reduces with the increasing of the strain rate at room temperature, the adiabatic temperature rising can enhance the material plasticity. The morphology of fracture surfaces over wide range of strain rates and temperatures are observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The fracture appearance analysis indicates that the fracture pattern of AZ31B in the quasi-static tensile tests at room temperature is mainly quasi-cleavage pattern. However, the fracture morphology of AZ31B under high strain rates and high temperatures is mainly composed of the dimple pattern, which indicates ductile fracture pattern. The fracture mode is a transition from quasi-cleavage fracture to ductile fracture with the increasing of temperature, the reason for this phenomenon might be the softening effect under the high strain rates.     

Fracture mechanism of AZ31 magnesium alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing comparing three point bending test and tensile test

A commercial magnesium alloy, AZ31 in hot-rolled condition, has been processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) to get microstructure modified. Uniaxial tensile tests were conducted along the rolling/extrusion direction for as-received AZ31 alloy and ECAPed AZ31 alloy. Then, three point bending fracture tests were conducted for specimens with a pre-crack perpendicular to the extruded direction. Digital image correlation (DIC) technique was adopted to determine the deformation field around the crack tip. The fracture surfaces of the failed specimens after tensile tests and fracture tests were observed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). To explore the deformation mechanism, the microstructure and texture of different regions on the deformed specimens were examined through electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). The results show ECAP process improves both the tensile elongation and fracture toughness of AZ31 alloy. Different from the slip dominated deformation mechanism in the tensile test, deformation twinning presents in the deformation zone adjacent to the crack tip in the three point bending fracture tests. The fracture surface is characterized by co-occurrence of dimple and cleavage features.     

热输入对AZ31B镁合金/PRO500超高强钢TIG熔-钎连接特性的影响

利用TIG电弧作为热源开展了AZ31B镁合金与超高强钢PRO500熔-钎连接试验,研究了不同焊接热输入条件对接头微观结构及力学性能的影响。结果表明:利用TIG电弧能够实现AZ31B镁合金/PRO500钢的有效熔-钎连接,强度可达镁合金母材的85%,接头界面区形成由Fe-Mg-O化合物、金属间化合物AlFe_3相和基体Fe元素、熔敷金属中扩散过来的Mg元素等共同组成的过渡区;随着焊接电流的增大,AZ31B镁合金/PRO500钢熔-钎焊接头断裂模式由包含了延性断裂和准解理断裂的混合断裂模式转化为准解理断裂主导的脆性断裂模式,结合强度显著下降。     

Temperature evolution analysis of AZ31B magnesium alloy during quasi-static fracture

Fracture toughness of AZ31B magnesium alloy subjected to quasi-static loading was investigated by infrared thermography. The results showed that temperature evolution around the crack propagation path during fracture underwent three stages: initial steady stage, monotonic increase stage and final steady stage. The temperature increase at the beginning of stage II is nearly corresponding to the initiation of unstable crack propagation. And based on this phenomenon, a method applying infrared thermography to estimate fracture toughness of AZ31B magnesium alloy was proposed. Fracture toughness was calculated through infrared thermography, which was in good agreement with the result determined by traditional standard method. Finally, the fracture mechanism was investigated.     

Effects of Ca addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91magnesium alloy

The effects of Ca addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy have been studied. The results show that the Ca addition can refine the microstructure, reduce the quantity of Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase, and form new Al₂Ca phase in AZ91 magnesium alloy. With the Ca addition, the tensile strength and elongation of AZ91magnesium alloy at ambient temperature are reduced, whereas Ca addition confers elevated temperature strengthening on AZ91 magnesium alloy. The tensile strength at 150°C increases with increasing Ca content. The impact toughness of AZ91magnesium alloy increases, and then declines as the Ca content increases. The tensile and impact fractographs exhibit intergranular fracture features, Ca addition changes the pattern and quantity of tearing ridge, with radial or parallel tearing ridge increasing, tensile strength, elongation and impact toughness reduce.     

390MPa级低合金高强钢的低温韧性

采用系列冲击试验研究了控轧控冷技术生产的390MPa级低合金高强钢的低温韧性,并分析了其低温韧性与组织特征的关系。结果表明：该钢具有良好的低温韧性,在-40℃时的冲击功为127J,远大于相关标准的技术要求,按照能量法确定的韧脆转变温度为-56℃;由于该钢晶粒十分细小,裂纹在扩展过程中频繁改变断裂路径,提高了其抵抗解理断裂的能力,从而使其具有良好的低温韧性。     

Experimental and numerical investigation on ductile-brittle fracture transition in a magnesium alloy

Tensile test on smooth and circumferentially notched specimens, systematic observation of fracture surfaces and large deformation finite element analysis were conducted to understand the deformation and failure behavior of a magnesium alloy (AM60). The plastic deformation is considered to be dominated by twining mediated slip. The tensile properties were not sensitive to the strain rates applied (3.3 × 10⁻⁴∼0.1). Corresponding to the same loading level, higher stress triaxiality but lower plastic strain was observed in the specimens with a smaller notch profile radius. Deformation and failure of the magnesium alloy were sensitive to the constraint level and ductile-brittle fracture transition occurred with decreasing the notch profile radius.     

异步轧制AZ31镁合金板材的超塑性工艺及变形机制

经过异步轧制工艺获得AZ31镁合金薄板。在300~450℃范围内,分别通过5×10-3,1×10-3s-1和5×10-4s-1不同应变速率进行高温拉伸实验研究其超塑性变形行为,计算应变速率敏感指数m值、超塑性变形激活能Q及门槛应力σ0值。通过EBSD分析和扫描电镜观察拉伸断裂后的断口形貌,分析AZ31镁合金的超塑性变形机制。结果表明:AZ31镁合金的塑性变形能力随着变形温度的升高及应变速率的降低而增强。当拉伸温度为400℃、m=0.72、应变速率为5×10-4s-1时,AZ31具有良好的超塑性,伸长率最大为206%。温度为400℃时,异步轧制AZ31镁合金的超塑性变形是以晶格扩散控制的晶界滑移和基面滑移共同完成的。     

镁合金笔记本电脑外壳的温成形技术研究

采用0.6mm厚的AZ31镁合金材料,以温成形方式获得了复杂外形尺寸的笔记本电脑外壳.通过研究温度对AZ31镁合金板料拉深成形性能的影响发现:180～280℃成形的镁合金电脑外壳零件不会出现断裂和起皱缺陷,但角部高度随成形温度的升高而增加;低于180℃成形,零件圆角出现褶皱;高于280℃成形,圆角被拉裂;并且成形速度和摩擦也会影响零件成形.