包装分拣过程视觉跟踪系统设计

目的 为提高包装生产线的分拣精度,以Delta机器人为研究对象,设计一种视觉跟踪系统.方法 详细介绍包装生产线分拣系统的结构,包括机器人模块、控制模块、视觉模块和传送带模块等.提出一种平移标定算法,可简化整个标定过程,既可以提高准确性,又可以降低标定用时.该算法可以较好地解决空间限制对跟踪系统的影响.论述一种图像处理方法,通过连通区域的面积、圆度和矩形度等参数实现物料识别、定位和抓取.利用具体实验验证所述系统的可行性和有效性.结果 Delta机器人视觉跟踪系统的漏抓率小于0.1％,误抓率接近于0,精确度得到明显提高.结论 整个过程中机器人运行稳定,并没有出现冲击、颤动等现象,系统可靠性比较高,完全能够满足包装等相关行业要求.     

基于视线跟踪的增强现实交互

为了给增强现实系统提供一种直接、自然及双向的交互手段,本文将视线跟踪技术和增强现实技术相结合,提出了基于视线跟踪的增强现实集成原型系统,该系统既能跟踪用户的视线方向,获得用户在场景的感兴趣区域,又能体现增强现实系统的特点.针对集成系统的基本要求,结合光学透视式头盔显示器的虚拟摄像机模型,详细介绍了系统的原理,光路设计和虚拟信息注册算法.实验结果表明,集成系统达到了良好的人机交互效果,为视线跟踪与增强现实技术的广泛应用奠定了良好的基础.     

A Pupil-Positioning Method Based on the Starburst Model

Human eye detection has become an area of interest in the field of computer vision with an extensive range of applications in human-computer interaction, disease diagnosis, and psychological and physiological studies. Gaze-tracking systems are an important research topic in the human-computer interaction field. As one of the core modules of the head-mounted gaze-tracking system, pupil positioning affects the accuracy and stability of the system. By tracking eye movements to better locate the center of the pupil, this paper proposes a method for pupil positioning based on the starburst model. The method uses vertical and horizontal coordinate integral projections in the rectangular region of the human eye for accurate positioning and applies a linear interpolation method that is based on a circular model to the reflections in the human eye. In this paper, we propose a method for detecting the feature points of the pupil edge based on the starburst model, which clusters feature points and uses the RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC) algorithm to perform ellipse fitting of the pupil edge to accurately locate the pupil center. Our experimental results show that the algorithm has higher precision, higher efficiency and more robustness than other algorithms and excellent accuracy even when the image of the pupil is incomplete.     

RETRACTED: Implementation System of Human Eye Tracking Algorithm Based on FPGA

With the high-speed development of transportation industry, highway traffic safety has become a considerable problem. Meanwhile, with the development of embedded system and hardware chip, in recent years, human eye detection eye tracking and positioning technology have been more and more widely used in man-machine interaction, security access control and visual detection.
In this paper, the high parallelism of FPGA was utilized to realize an elliptical approximate real-time human eye tracking system, which was achieved by the series register structure and random sample consensus (RANSAC), thus improving the speed of image processing without using external memory. Because eye images acquired by the camera often generate a lot of noises due to uneven light and dark background, the preprocessing technologies such as color conversion, image filtering, histogram modification and image sharpening were adopted. In terms of feature extraction of images, the eye tracking algorithm in this paper adopted seven-section rectangular eye tracking characteristic method, which increased a section between the mouth and the nose on the basis of the traditional six-section method, so its recognition accuracy is much higher. It is convenient for the realization of hardware parallel system in FPGA. Finally, aiming at the accuracy and real-time performance of the design system, a more comprehensive simulation test was carried out.
The human eye tracking system was verified on DE2-115 multimedia development platform, and the performance of VGA (resolution: 640×480) images of 8-bit grayscale was tested. The results showed that the detection speed of this system was about 47 frames per second under the condition that the detection rate of human face (front face, no inclination) was 93%, which reached the real-time detection level. Additionally, the accuracy of eye tracking based on FPGA system was more than 95%, and it has achieved ideal results in real-time performance and robustness.     

手机新闻客户端不同页面设计下用户视觉浏览规律研究

目的手机新闻客户端已经成为智能手机用户必不可少的应用之一,现有的手机新闻客户端页面布局主要有左文右图和右文左图。不同的页面布局与用户交互方式是否对用户浏览行为产生影响是本文研究的主要目的。方法本文选用不同页面布局的手机新闻客户端,运用眼动仪记录用户在使用左手或右手在不同页面布局下进行新闻浏览过程中的眼动数据,通过提取热点图、视线切换频次、总注视时间等特征,对不同状态下用户视觉浏览规律进行量化和对照比较。结果不同页面布局和交互方式对用户视觉浏览行为产生一定影响。结论建议手机新闻客户端根据用户使用习惯提供个性化定制的页面布局。     

基于眼动仪的非物质文化遗产平面视觉体验研究

目的通过可用性与用户体验设计中的研究方法,研究非物质文化遗产平面视觉的体验设计,得到非物质文化遗产平面设计的视觉构建方式与用户体验需求。方法通过眼动仪实验与访谈获得用户注视非遗平面海报的热点图、轨迹图和注视区域图,从用户体验与可用性角度,基于眼动实验的有效数据详细探讨针对可视性非遗文化的体验现状和视觉构建。结果从可用性的角度出发提出针对非物质文化遗产平面设计的体验需求,结合眼动实验的定量分析结果与访谈用户的定性分析结果,提出针对非遗平面设计视觉体验的若干合理性建议。结论基于眼动实验结果提出的非遗平面设计视觉体验构建有助于促进非物质文化遗产信息的高效率传递,在可用性的基础上改进用户的视觉体验,助力非遗文化传播。     

可用性测试中的视线追踪技术

由于人机交互过程中用户性质的变化和以用户为中心的设计（user-centered design,UCD）的兴起,可用性测试成为计算机类产品设计过程的重要环节。由于传统工效学测试方法普遍存在着主观性强,样本量小、外部效度低等问题,将视线追踪技术引入可用性测试领域,尤其是应用到视觉用户界面评估过程中,能显著提高可用性测试的客观性和有效性,并有助于揭示用户的认知加工过程。目前存在多种眼动测量指标,应根据不同测试情景和测试要求慎重选用。     

Improved video-based eye-gaze detection method

Recently, some video-based eye-gaze detection methods used in eye-slaved support systems for the severely disabled have been studied. In these methods, infrared light was irradiated to an eye, two feature areas (the corneal reflection light and pupil) were detected in the image obtained from a video camera and then the eye-gaze direction was determined by the relative positions between the two. However, there were problems concerning stable pupil detection under various room light conditions. In this paper, methods for precisely detecting the two feature areas are consistently mentioned. First, a pupil detection technique using two light sources and the image difference method is proposed. Second, for users wearing eye glasses, a method for eliminating the images of the light sources reflected in the glass lens is proposed. The effectiveness of these proposed methods is demonstrated by using an imaging board. Finally, the feasibility of implementing hardware for the proposed methods in real time is discussed     

Internet-Enabled Calibration Services: Design of a Secure Calibration System

A growing number of measurements in the commercial and industrial sectors need to refer to traceability to national and international standards. Instrument and reference standard calibration is resource and time consuming. Since many available digital instruments are provided with some communication interfaces and Internet-enabled metrology has rapidly been developing in recent years, it is possible to create an actual remote calibration system with remote control capabilities. This approach addresses a wide range of possible applications that can drive many kinds of different devices and can be easily upgraded. This paper focuses on some of the security problems regarding remotely executed Internet-enabled calibration processes.      

基于视觉认知理论的产品形态优化设计方法

目的针对传统的产品形态设计与用户视觉认知之间因缺乏关联而产生设计代沟的问题,提出一种基于视觉认知理论、结合眼动追踪技术的产品形态优化设计方法。方法首先,运用形态分析法提取产品的形态设计要素;其次,基于眼动追踪实验获取视觉形态的眼动认知数据;接着,采用单因素分析法,筛选与形态高度关联的眼动指标;最后,应用数量化I类理论对设计要素进行参数化编码,通过数据挖掘技术建立眼动追踪指标与设计要素的关系模型。结果最终得出眼动追踪指标与设计要素的关系模型,继而提炼出与用户视觉认知关联紧密的形态设计要素及其权重排序,从而确定出形态设计的优选方案,并以电热水壶为例,验证了方法的可行性。结论建立眼动追踪指标与形态设计要素关联的优化设计方法,能够帮助设计师从用户视觉认知的视角优化产品形态,从而提升设计的科学性和合理性。     

ATTRIBUTES FOR EXPEDIENT COMPUTER VISION INSPECTION

The visual inspection of parts as they progress through die manufacturing process is an important task in all industries. Visual inspection, when performed by humans is a tedious task and is prone to error. This is precisely what makes it a good candidate for automation. Although computer vision systems have been around for over 30 years, die industrial applications of vision systems have become practical only in die last decade. Image processing and pattern recognition algorithms used in industrial vision systems are built upon a broad body of knowledge in vision research. But the use of computer vision systems in quality control has been limited to replicating die visual inspection tasks as they would be performed by a human operator. It is die contention of this study that when computerized inspection is employed, quality control inspection plans suitable for computerized inspection should also be employed to assure cost-effectiveness.

We study a simple gauging inspection task and propose a quality control plan that exploits die characteristics of computer vision systems in order to improve cost-effectiveness.     

一种埋弧焊视觉跟踪系统

论述了一种埋弧焊缝视觉跟踪系统的原理，重点讨论了跟踪系统的参数选择和视觉跟踪控制处理部分的组成，实验表明，本系统具有景深大、工作距短、控制准确、可靠性高等特点。     

Research and realization of an auto-calibration technique based on stereovision

The purpose of this research is to analyse the present-day state of calibration techniques and to realize an auto-calibration technique based on a projected grating 3D measuring system. An auto-calibration technique, called multiple target tracking for detecting outlines based on random placing and regular numbers, was proposed. The practical algorithm was also presented at the same time. According to this arithmetic, the relevant experimental result was gained. Furthermore, the precision of the calculation result was analyzed. The results showed that the operation was simplified, the orientation precision of image outline edges was ensured and calibration precision was kept within 0.02–0.05 mm by using the arithmetic in this work. The research verified the feasibility of auto-calibration, providing arithmetic that is extremely useful for the industrial application of computer vision technologies. The paper deals with experimental work on innovative techniques for which the data have not been seen in the literature. In particular, an original auto-calibration technique, which is named as multiple target tracking for detecting outlines based on random placing and regular numbers, was provided.     

Compact scanning laser ophthalmoscope with high-speed retinal tracker

The effectiveness of image stabilization with a retinal tracker in a multifunction, compact scanning laser ophthalmoscope (TSLO) was demonstrated in initial human subject tests. The retinal tracking system uses a co confocal reflectometer with a closed-loop optical servo system to lock onto features in the fundus. The system is multifarious and modular to allow configuration for many research a clinical applications. Adult volunteers were tested without mydriasis to optimize the tracking instrumentation and to characterize imaging performance. The retinal tracking system achieves a bandwidth of greater than 1 kHz, which permits tracking at rates that greatly exceed the maximum rate of motion of the human eye. The TSLO system stabilized images to an accuracy of 0.05 deg in all test subjects during ordinary saccades with a velocity up to approximately 500 deg/s. Feature lock was maintained for minutes despite subject eye blinking. Even when nearly 1000 frames were coadded, image blur was minimal. Successful frame coaddition allowed image acquisition with decreased noise in low-light applications. The retinal tracking system significantly enhances the imaging capabilities of the scanning laser ophthalmoscope.     

The Effect of Colour Contrast on Consumers' Attentive Behaviours and Perception of Fresh Produce

The market for fruits and vegetables has received considerable interest in recent years, with much of its growth attributed to consumer interest in nutrition and health. Quality has been indicated to be the most important factor in produce sales, and appearance is of noted significance with regard to perceived quality. The broad objectives of this research were to identify the impact of simultaneous colour contrast (i.e. the produce viewed through a mesh bag) on (a) attentive behaviours as measured by eye tracking and (b) perceived quality, visual appeal and purchase intention as measured with a Likert scale. To accomplish these objectives, six different types of produce (red apples, oranges, lemons, green apples, purple onions and white onions) were photographed with four differently coloured mesh treatments: the same (as the produce), complementary, complementary‐analogous and analogous. Visual stimuli were then presented during the eye tracking study and in a subsequent questionnaire. Colour contrast was found to have a significant effect on both resultant eye tracking variables [number of visual fixations (p < 0.001) and time spent (p < 0.001)]. Produce shown with mesh of the same, or an analogous colour, induced significantly more visual fixations and more time than those depicted with complementary or complementary‐analogous treatments. Subsequent to the eye tracking study, subjects were shown the stimuli and asked to rate the expected quality, visual appeal and their purchase intention for the 24 photographs (6 types of produce × 4 colour contrasts) by using a Likert scale. Pairwise comparisons suggested that produce packaged in the same or analogous mesh were perceived by subjects to be of higher quality, more visually appealing and evoked a higher level of purchase intention than those packaged in complementary or complementary‐analogous mesh (α = 0.05). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Sequential Experiment Design for Contour Estimation From Complex Computer Codes

Computer simulation often is used to study complex physical and engineering processes. Although a computer simulator often can be viewed as an inexpensive way to gain insight into a system, it still can be computationally costly. Much of the recent work on the design and analysis of computer experiments has focused on scenarios where the goal is to fit a response surface or process optimization. In this article we develop a sequential methodology for estimating a contour from a complex computer code. The approach uses a stochastic process model as a surrogate for the computer simulator. The surrogate model and associated uncertainty are key components in a new criterion used to identify the computer trials aimed specifically at improving the contour estimate. The proposed approach is applied to exploration of a contour for a network queuing system. Issues related to practical implementation of the proposed approach also are addressed.     

A Neuromorphic Chip That Imitates the ON Brisk Transient Ganglion Cell Set in the Retinas of Rabbits

In this paper, a new CMOS design methodology is proposed to implement CMOS neuromorphic chips which imitate the ON brisk transient ganglion cell (GC) set of rabbits' retinas. The measurement results on the fabricated CMOS neuromorphic chip are consistent with the biological measurement results. Thus, the biological functions of the chip have been successfully verified. It can be used to understand more biological behaviors and visual language of retinas under different input optical images which have not yet been tested in biological experiments. Based on the results, the full GC sets of retina can be designed. Thus, many potential applications of retinal chips on motion sensors, computer vision, retinal prosthesis, and biomedical devices are feasible.     

基于视觉引导和超声测距的运动目标跟踪和抓取

提出了装配机器人系统中一种基于视觉引导和超声测距的运动目标跟踪和抓取方法。介绍了运动目标的跟踪原理 ,采用图像雅可比矩阵进行机器人运动控制 ,跟踪运动的目标。利用视觉引导技术 ,获取目标在图像平面中的位置与方位 ,进行平面跟踪 ,然后引导超声波测距装置测取目标深度信息。实验结果验证了本文提出的这种方法的可行性和有效性     

Calibration of adhesion models based on Bayesian inference

The use of composite materials in a myriad of applications fostered the development of reliable procedures to connect components with adhesives. This led to a demand for reliable adhesion models to be used in engineering designs that are based on computer simulations. This paper presents a strategy to be used for calibration of adhesion models. The proposed methodology is built on the formalism of Statistical Inverse Problems. Uncertainties about the unknowns are inferred using Population-Based Markov Chain Monte Carlo and Adaptive Metropolis. It is proposed to perform model assessments based on the analysis of a validation metric. Realizations of the validation metric are computed with the posterior densities of model parameters that are provided by the calibration process. The analysis of the validation metric allows for model selection to be performed. Some numerical experiments are presented with noise-contaminated data. The calibration strategy proved effective when dealing with both the nonlinearity and nondifferentiability of the adhesion constitutive equation.