Double and tandem end seals

Forms of double and tandem end seals are considered. Double end seals are classified. The main distinguishing features for their classification are given, and schemes are presented for using them in numerous double and tandem end seals produced by well known Russian and overseas firms. On the basis of classifying forms of end seals terms are provided for determining the forms and layouts of double end seals. Classification of the forms of double end seals proposed makes it possible for operators to approach knowledgably the selection of assembly layouts for prescribed operating parameters of a sealing units.     

Calculating and designing end seals for pipeline equipment

The paper discusses the effects of roughness and corrugation in metal-metal seal contacting surfaces on the sealing. A method is given for calculating the sealing factor by a finite-element method, which includes the design dimensions of the seal, the actual microgeometry of the working surfaces (derived by three-dimensional analysis), and the physical characteristics of the working medium.     

Nonisothermal flow of polymeric fluids in helix seals with longitudinal circulation

The nonisothermal flow of a viscous fluid in seals, which are two-turn screw conveyers with channels of varying depth, is examined. Expressions are derived for determination of pressure differentials and fluid flow rates in the deep and shallow channels of the seal, heating of the fluid, and the capacity required of the channels. In solving the problem, it was considered that the temperature of the fluid varies only along the channels, but its heat exchange with the surrounding medium takes place according to Newton’s law, and only through the housing of the seal. The temperature dependence of the viscosity of the product was taken into account by the Reynolds’ and hyperbolic laws. __________ Translated from Khimicheskoe i Neftegazovoe Mashinostroenie, No. 3, pp. 12–15, March, 2006.     

Heat generation at sealing junction of end seal rings

Models of operation of regular, hydrostatic, and hydrodynamic end seals are examined. A procedure is proposed for calculating heat generation in the end slot of a seal. In comparison with experimental data, the error in the calculation is not higher than 10%. __________ Translated from Khimicheskoe i Neftegazovoe Mashinostroenie, No. 7, pp. 23–26, July, 2006.