拨杆零件车床车加工平面钻孔夹具设计

借助于夹具,将零件的平面加工和钻孔等工序安排在一台车床上,充分发挥车床高效加工能力,减少转序时间,提高加工效率。由夹具控制零件与车床的相对位置,由夹具精度保证零件加工精度。平面加工采用5点定位,V形块夹紧机构。钻孔加工采用6点定位,螺纹连接夹紧。夹具体设计为圆形,便于安装在车床三爪卡盘上。     

簿壁壳体零件加工工艺及夹具设计

分析簿壁壳体零件特点和加工难点。设计车加工夹具,解决车加工变形问题;设计钻孔夹具,利用夹具精度,保证零件加工精度。通过设计工装夹具,解决了簿壁零件变形问题。     

车床钻削加工连杆零件小端孔夹具设计及应用

为提高加工效率,采用车床加工连杆零件小端孔,设计夹具实现六点定位,确保定位精度,刀具安装在刀架上,实现刀具轴向进给。该夹具结构简单,使用方便。     

简易自锁精车端面夹具

许多零件端面对内孔有较高的跳动(或垂直度)要求,一般采用一次装夹将零件的内孔和端面同时加工出来的工艺。但有许多零件由于工艺限制不可能将内孔和端面同时加工出来,有时即使工艺允许,而考虑生产率和节拍的要求,也是对端面和内孔在分别安装下加工。由于存在两次安装误差及两次加工的工艺方法不同,而使端面对内孔的跳动达不到技术要求。为此,出现了各种精车端面的夹具。下面介绍我厂曾成功设计与使用的简易精车端面夹具。     

基于PMC的连杆零件数控机床自动夹具设计与实现

为减小多次定位装夹引起的定位误差对零件加工精度影响,通过对连杆零件加工工艺分析,提出以零件不需加工的设计基准面为定位基准,以数控机床自身气源为动力、PMC为控制装置的工序集中式自动夹具设计理念。经设计夹具结构、气动系统和控制系统等,完成了基于PMC的连杆零件数控机床自动夹具制作。该夹具结构简单、定位准确、夹紧可靠、稳定性好。实验证明:利用该夹具加工连杆零件,连杆零件加工表面相互位置精度得到了一定程度的提高。     

弯管接头车床加工螺纹夹具设计

通过设计使用简单的夹具,解决了加工中的问题,提高了加工效率。利用零件本身的弯管部位和夹具上孔构成轴孔定位,利用零件本身的孔与夹具上削边销构成销孔定位,通过夹具使零件回转中心与车床回转中心重合,实现切削条件。夹具制造成本低,使用方便,有效保证了加工质量。     

提高数控加工质量的工艺措施

在数控加工中,除了受机床、刀具、夹具的制造误差和安装误差的影响外,加工质量还与数控加工中所采取的工艺措施密切相关。从加工工艺角度出发,论述了提高数控加工精度和零件表面加工质量的若干措施,以利于高效地使用数控机床。     

一种高效铣削弹性夹具设计与应用

为了加工一种具有特殊结构的汽车用高度调整销,解决加工时零件对称平面的对称性与平行性问题,设计了一种可一次装夹多件零件的弹性夹具。通过对夹具的结构设计与夹紧力分析,充分保证了夹具装夹的可靠性与高效性。实践证明,该夹具的使用提高了零件的加工效率,同时降低了零件的废品率。     

机械手臂支撑架加工工艺分析及专用夹具设计北大核心

为解决机械手臂支撑架零件外形不规则,在铣削加工中难以采用通用夹具进行定位装夹,零件的加工精度也较难保证的问题,设计了零件的专用夹具、制定了新的加工工艺,使加工效率提升了27%,合格率从68%提高到98%,满足了零件的生产需要。实践验证表明,通过设计专用夹具和优化加工工艺可以有效提高支撑架零件的合格率和生产效率,该方法对其它形状不规则零件的加工也具有一定的指导意义。     

柔性夹具在多工序精密零件加工中的应用

多工序精密零件的加工难点在于形位公差的控制,采用柔性夹具安装,可以有效减少加工工时,保证加工精度,并节省添置加工中心等高精度设备的费用,降低生产成本。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。