基于ABAQUS的典型薄壁件加工变形仿真与试验研究

介绍了薄壁件铣削加工受力模型和有限元法在薄壁件铣削加工中的应用. 针对薄壁零件铣削加工中的变形问题进行了研究,设计了有限元分析的加载过程与方法.结合铣削加工试验,并运用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,获得典型薄壁件加工变形的基本规律,为进一步研究控制薄壁件加工变形方案提供了依据.     

航空薄壁件铣削加工铣削力预测方法研究

铣削加工中铣削力是导致加工变形的直接原因,而航空薄壁件加工中,加工变形是加工误差产生的主要因素.本文以航空薄壁件铣削加工过程的铣削力为研究对象,通过确定铣削力模型和切削系数参数,建立了刚性和考虑刀具工件变形耦合的柔性预测两种模型.在柔性模型中,采用预扭Timoshenko梁单元的刀具/工件独立建模的方法建立有限元模型,利用Python语言在通用有限元软件Abaqus下迭代求解.实验验证表明预测模型具有很高的准确性和有效性.     

薄壁结构件铣削加工变形的有限元分析

鉴于薄壁结构件铣削过程中加工变形对面形精度存在不利影响,文章基于有限元分析(FEA)方法研究薄壁件铣削面形误差分布对装夹方案和走刀路径等因素的依赖关系,并分析工件未铣削区域材料残留对铣削变形误差的影响规律。研究结果表明:薄壁结构件的加工变形误差不仅取决于装夹方案和走刀路径,而且还严重依赖于未铣削区域的材料残留,通过合理选取装夹方案和走刀路径可以有效提高薄壁结构件铣削加工的面形精度。     

接头薄壁件铣削加工刀具角度的优选

针对航空接头薄壁件的铣削变形问题,通过改变铣刀的工艺角度建立三因素五水平的正交实验,应用ABAQUS建立工件的有限元模型,并对该零件进行模拟加工和实验结果分析,获得最优的铣刀工艺角度组合:γ=8°、α=5°、β=63°。采用该最优刀具角度加工工件得到的变形量低于正交实验最小变形量。选取一组仿真值进行实际加工,验证了有限元分析模型的有效性,证明该方法是控制薄壁件加工变形的一种有效方法。     

薄壁件铣削加工刀具几何参数优化

针对汽车检具薄壁件铣削变形问题,通过改变铣刀的几何参数建立铣削单因素和三因素四水平的正交实验。利用有限元软件AdvantEdge和ABAQUS分别对铣削加工过程和加工残余应力引起的变形进行仿真,研究不同的刀具几何参数对工件变形的影响。采用田口法分析了刀具几何参数对加工变形的综合影响程度。结果表明:刀具后角对工件加工变形影响的最为显著,螺旋角次之,前角最不显著;获得AA5083铣削的铣刀刀具几何参数组合。通过实验对优化后的刀具几何参数的正确性进行验证,证明该方法是检具薄壁件加工中刀具几何参数优化选择的一种有效的方法。     

基于ABAQUS的薄壁件装夹优选方案有限元分析

对在铣削过程中因装夹方案不同引起的框体类薄壁件整体变形的影响进行了研究.采用三维非线性动态有限元分析方法,对铣削过程中的薄壁件装夹方案进行了优选.刀具为三维造型,并以刚体形式导入ABAQUS软件,工件被定义为变形体,通过对有限元软件的操作,分别对装夹位置、装夹顺序和卸载方案三个因素在装夹过程中对框体类薄壁件产生变形的影响进行了模拟.提出了以最小加工变形为目标、装夹方案为设计变量的优化设计方案,对框体类薄壁件的加工变形控制提供了有效方案.     

ABAQUS二次开发及在曲面薄壁件加工变形模拟中的应用

针对目前有限元软件无法对大型曲面薄壁件铣削过程进行连续模拟的问题,采用Python脚本语言对ABAQUS前处理模块进行了二次开发,通过Python脚本程序将切削力动态加载到工件的加工区域,近似模拟了四坐标铣削过程,解决了大尺寸曲面薄壁件加工变形的模拟问题。实例模拟计算表明,所开发的程序界面友好,实用性强,仿真结果符合实际规律,证明利用有限元二次开发技术可以较好地预测大型曲面薄壁件的加工变形,为其在其他领域的应用提供了重要的借鉴和指导。     

薄壁件加工变形仿真及工艺参数优选

针对汽车主模型检具铣削变形问题进行研究。利用有限元软件ABAQUS模拟铣削过程,建立单因素实验和四因素三水平正交试验,分析检具铣削时各工艺参数对两指标(工件加工变形和材料去除率)的影响规律。运用多量纲归一化方法和综合评分法对两指标进行归一化计算,采用极差分析法对计算结果进行分析,确定各工艺参数对两指标归一化后的贡献度,并获得AA5083薄壁零件铣削工艺参数的最佳组合,通过加工实验对优化后的工艺参数的正确性加以验证。实验结果表明:工件加工的平均偏差比优化前降低了18%,材料去除率比优化前提高了135%。证明该方法是一种较为有效的优化方法。     

铣削加工对铝合金内应力测试与结构变形的影响

以7075铝合金试样为对象,借助应力测试、MSC.Marc程序二次开发并辅助试验研究铣削加工中铣削参数对内应力测试的影响及铣削路径对结构变形的影响。结果表明,对于无内应力或内应力较小的结构件,铣削参数对其测试结果影响不大;但在具有较大内应力的场合,采用新刀具、良好的冷却条件、较小的进给量与合适的单层铣削量对获得准确的内应力测试结果非常有利。而铣削出的薄壁件结构变形向材料去除部分凹陷,并在薄壁处向内翘起,各种铣削方法在横向上产生的加工变形较轧向大15%以上;同时外环铣削法优于其他方法,为铝合金薄壁件的优选加工策略。     

铝合金5A06高速铣削加工表面残余应力研究

铣削速度和铣削深度显著影响铣削共形件的残余应力,为了获得航空共形薄壁结构件用5A06铝合金材料高速铣削过程中铣削参数对残余应力的影响,因此进行了基于Advantage的铝合金5A06高速铣削三维仿真研究。基于J-C本构方程模拟工件的应力应变关系,研究了铣削速度和铣削深度对表面残余应力的影响规律,为进一步有效控制共形件结构变形提供了新的研究方法,研究共形件表面残余应力的规律对于铣削加工参数的选取具有一定的参考价值。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。