光化学法对含Cr（Ⅳ）水溶液的处理

本文研究了壳聚糖（ＣＴＳ）通过离子交联吸附Ｃｒ（Ⅵ），并用光化学方法解吸，同时Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）转化为Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）。为工业废水去Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）提供一个可行性方法。     

Cr（Ⅵ）—氯代苯酚共存污染体系中的光反应与光催化反应研究

Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）－４ＣＰ（４－氯苯酚）共存污染体系中Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）离子的紫外光致还原主要是由于Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）与４ＣＰ光解产物之间的氧化还原反应而引起的．Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）离子还原受光强和体系酸度影响较大,还原速率呈零级反应．随体系ｐＨ值增大,Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）离子还原速率下降．中性条件下,光反应结束后有沉淀产物生成,这对于采用光化学方法消除环境污染提供了很有意义的结果．４ＣＰ存在对Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）离子在ＴｉＯ２表面的暗态吸附没有影响．Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）－４ＣＰ－ＴｉＯ２体系中Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）离子的紫外光致还原主要包括了两种反应：Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）与４ＣＰ之间的均相反应以及Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）离子在ＴｉＯ２表面的光催化还原反应．一定波长紫外光下,排除Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）－４ＣＰ－ＴｉＯ２体系中的均相反应,使得４ＣＰ对Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）离子光催化还原反应的促进作用得以证实．     

钠、铝改造型膨润土对溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)吸附及其机理研究

天然Ｃａ基膨润土经水洗后可提高其中蒙脱石含量１５％～２５％,加入钠铝化合物制得的改性膨润土,在ｐＨ＝６时,可去除溶 液中９５％的Ｃｒ（Ⅱ）。与活性炭相比,这种改性膨润土在处理低浓度含Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）溶液Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）１０ｍｇ／Ｌ）其效果相同,在处理高浓度含Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）溶液（Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）为１５０ｍｇ／Ｌ）其效果高出活性炭３％。蒙脱石吸附Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）包括表面吸附络合作用和层间离子交换作用,但以后者占主导地位,铬在层间     

泡塑对Cr（VI）吸附性能的研究

本文通过大量的实验，找出泡塑对Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）的最佳吸附条件，并研究对Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）吸附规律。泡塑作为一种处理含铬离子废水的新资源具有广泛前景。     

液膜法去除水中Cr（VI）的研究

本文采用液膜去除回收水中Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）。对膜溶剂、载体、稳定剂的种类及用量进行了优选。用优选出的膜配方制成乳液处理含Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）水样，对制膜速度及时间、混合速度及时间、内外水相ｐＨ、膜内比及乳水比等操作条件对Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）去除率的影响进行了研究。     

液膜法去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)的研究

本文采用液膜去除回收水中Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）。对膜溶剂、载体、稳定剂的种类及用量进行了优选。用优选出的膜配方制成乳液处理含Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）水样，对制膜速度及时间、混合速度及时间、内外水相ｐＨ、膜内比及乳水比等操作条件对Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）去除率的影响进行了研究。     

电子供体影响Cr（Ⅵ）光还原速度的ESR／全息法研究

分别用电子自旋共振（ＥＳＲ）法和全息法研究了六价铬离子Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）在不同电子供体－二甲基亚砜（ＤＭＳＯ）和Ｎ，Ｎ＇－二甲基甲酰胺（ＤＭＦ）－作用下向三价铬离子Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）的光转换速度。两种方法得到相同的结论：ＤＭＳＯ和ＤＭＦ都不同程度地加速了Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）光致还原速度，ＤＭＳＯ的效果更加显。     

化学修饰电极—石墨炉原子吸收光谱法联用测定水体及其悬浮物中铬（…

本文以Ｎａｆｉｏｎ化学修饰电极，聚乙烯吡啶（ＰＶＰ）化学修饰电极分别在ｐＨ４．０的溶液中预富集Ｃｒ（Ⅲ），Ｃｒ（Ⅵ），以石墨炉原子吸收法测定，Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）测定的线性范围为５～４０ｎｇ／ｍｌ，检出限为２．５ｎｇ／ｍｌ。十次平行测定含１０ｎｇ／ｍｌＣｒ（Ⅲ）的溶液，相对标准偏差为５．０％，Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）在ｐＨ４的盐酸介质中，测定的线性范围为１～２５ｎｇ／ｍｌ检出限为０．４ｎｇ／ｍｌ，十次平行测定含１０displa     

吸附条件对几种活性碳氧化还原吸附Cr（Ⅳ）的影响

本文研究了吸附条件对几种基体的活性碳纤维（Ａｃｔｉｖａｔｅｄ Ｃａｒｂｏｎ Ｆｉｂｅｒｓ,简称ＡＣＦ）氧化还原及吸附Ｃｒ（Ⅳ）的影响。结果表明：不同基体的ＡＣＦ不仅可以吸附Ｃｒ（Ⅳ）,而且能部分地将其还原至低价态的Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）。ＡＣＦ吸附和还原的能力,尤其是还原能力与吸附条件紧密相关。Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）的吸附量强烈地依赖于溶液的ｐＨ值,当ｐＨ值低时,可有效增加ＡＣＦ对Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）的吸附量和还原量;氧化还原可用     

5－Br－TAR的合成及其在反相HPLC分离测定Co（Ⅱ）、Cr（Ⅵ）、Rh（Ⅲ）中的应用

以合成的新试剂５－Ｂｒ－ＴＡＲ为往前衍生试剂，首次用阴离子表面活性剂Ｓ，Ｄ．Ｓ．为对离子试剂。以含１×１０（－２）ｍｏｌ·Ｌ（－１）的ｐＨ５．８的乙酸－乙酸钠缓冲溶液和３．５×１０（－４）ｍｏｌ·Ｌ（－１）的Ｓ．Ｄ．Ｓ．的甲醇－水（６８：３２，Ｖ／Ｖ）为流动相，在Ｃ（１８）柱上，１５ｍｉｎ内分离测定了Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）、Ｒｈ（Ⅲ）、Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）的５－Ｂｒ－ＴＡＲ配合物。当ＳＮＲ＝２时，检出限分别为０．４９、０．３２、０．４４ｐｐｂ。用于废水及电镀液中Ｃｏ（Ⅱ）、Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）的测定，效果较好。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。