钢包壁工作衬用耐火材料

选择钢包内衬用耐火材料时,应主要考虑包衬的使用条件、对钢水纯净度的要求、钢包操作的安全性.以及最佳的单位产品的费用支出.在欧洲大多采用碳质、铝镁碳质及方镁石刚玉碳质耐火材料作钢包工作衬.在钢包及钢包炉中对钢水进行炉外精炼时,则推荐采用镁碳质耐火材料.     

高铝矾土-尖晶石钢包砖用结合剂的研究

研究了以硅微粉作结合剂,以四种外加剂在不烧高铝矾土－尖晶石钢包砖中的作用机理;阐明了硅微粉和糊精作复合结合剂时砖体强度和温度之间的关系。生产的不烧砖在平炉钢包渣线上使用,取得了较好效果。     

攀钢全连铸钢包长寿化技术的实践

随着攀钢全连铸工艺的实现和钢产量的不断增加,钢包使用条件日益苛刻,现行钢包对全连铸工艺的不适应已明显显现。为满足攀钢生产需要,攀钢钢包从耐火材料和施工工艺等方面进行了一系列的改进,从而延长了钢包使用寿命,优化了全连铸工艺;同时针对钢包目前现状,提出了下一步改进建议。     

提高150t钢包包底冲击区使用寿命的生产实践

结合天津钢管公司150t钢包的使用环境,分析了影响钢包包底使用寿命的因素,制定了针对性的改进措施。通过优化包底铝镁尖晶石碳砖的材质、改进包底冲击区的砌筑方式、加强钢包运行过程中的维护、改变包底砖尺寸等措施,明显提高了钢包冲击区的使用寿命,降低了生产成本,提高了钢包运行的安全性。     

用苦闪橄榄岩制造的钢包耐火材料的试用

在北方钢铁股份公司转炉车间的３８５ｔ钢包中进行了由以哈巴泽罗夫斯和的苦闪橄榄岩料生产的烧成镁橄榄石南砖作内衬的试验。砖是按圣彼得堡耐火材料研究院的工艺生产的,同时阿述了砖的性能。钢包衬砖在冶多种钢转炉上进行了试用。研究了使用的耐火材料,查明了蚀损特征。试验内衬的寿命为２３次。确定了在大型钢包中使用镁橄榄石组成的耐火材料具有前景。     

钢包用轻重质复合保温砖的研究与开发

精炼钢包永久衬用轻重质复合保温砖的重质部分相当于高铝砖，轻质部分相当于粘土质隔热砖。实际使用表明，采用轻重质复合保温砖作钢包永久衬，节能效果明显．可以获得显著的社会经济效益。     

钢包盖对钢包衬热机械性能的影响

Esfahan钢厂是伊朗年产量在220万t的钢铁企业之一。对钢铁企业来说,钢包的长寿命显得尤为重要。从这个意义上来理解,耐火材料的热机械性能和抗热震性就是非常重要的。目前经常使用热机械性能模拟实验来检测因使用了钢包盖而导致的浇铸过程中钢包用耐火材料性能的变化。研究结果表明,在连铸过程中,使用钢包盖可以减少钢包的热损失,从而使耐火材料内部的热量维持平衡,仅使其内部应力稍有增加。在转炉出钢前后的间歇期内,钢包加盖是有利的。使用钢包盖后,可改进钢包的周转过程,并提高钢铁企业的生产效能。     

钢包寿命的提高及耐火材料的改进

1钢包寿命的提高武进大众钢铁有限公司在钢包的砖型设计及操作实践上作了许多改动，使钢包寿命逐步得到提高。1996年初，钢包寿命仅有30次左右。随着砖型及耐火材料材质的改进，至1997年时钢包寿命稳定在60－65次以上。随着维护的加强及操作水平的提高，1998年又稳定提高至80－90次以上。1．l砖型的改进按照40try精炼炉尺寸特性等自身特点，对钢包砖型进行了重新设计。用原砖型砌筑的钢包沿高度方向共砌11层，其中10层为扇形砖，第11层为万能弧形砖，在使用过程中极易脱落，造成钢水从钢包上口耐火砖脱落处渗入，发生穿包等严重事故；改造后…     

160t钢包用铝镁尖晶石碳砖的研制与使用

随着钢铁工业的迅速发展,钢包已不仅仅是盛放钢水的容器,而且担负着精炼的任务。钢水温度升高,停留时间延长,以及钢水湍动,加剧了对钢包衬的冲刷,使钢包工作条件更加苛刻。铝镁碳砖综合了铝镁不烧砖和炭素材料的优点,具有良好的抗侵蚀、抗剥落、不粘渣等性能,但它的热导率较高,在使用过程中膨胀过大,导致钢包工作衬在使用过程中产生应力,导致开裂、剥落,造成钢包寿命降低。为此,在原铝镁碳砖的基础上研制了综合性能良好的铝镁尖晶石碳砖,并在唐钢第一炼钢厂160t钢包上使用,效果良好,使用寿命高于85次。1研制1.1原料主要原料有:特级高铝矾土…     

16Ot钢包用铝镁尖晶石碳砖的研制与使用

随着钢铁工业的迅速发展,钢包已不仅仅是盛放钢水的容器,而且担负着精炼的任务.钢水温度升高,停留时间延长,以及钢水湍动,加剧了对钢包衬的冲刷,使钢包工作条件更加苛刻.铝镁碳砖综合了铝镁不烧砖和炭素材料的优点,具有良好的抗侵蚀、抗剥落、不粘渣等性能,但它的热导率较高,在使用过程中膨胀过大,导致钢包工作衬在使用过程中产生应力,导致开裂、剥落,造成钢包寿命降低.为此,在原铝镁碳砖的基础上研制了综合性能良好的铝镁尖晶石碳砖,并在唐钢第一炼钢厂160 t钢包上使用,效果良好,使用寿命高于85次.     

不锈钢冶炼用铁水包Al2O3-SiC-C内衬砖的性能与侵蚀机理

铁水包内衬材料长期服役于间隔周期较长的高、低温交替环境,极易发生剥落与侵蚀损毁。为了探索影响铁水包内衬材料使用寿命的主要因素,对市面上四种铁水包Al₂O₃-SiC-C内衬砖的化学成分、物相组成、物理性能和微观结构进行了分析,并以高炉渣为侵蚀介质,重点研究了不锈钢冶炼用铁水包Al₂O₃-SiC-C内衬砖的侵蚀机理。结果表明:铁水包Al₂O₃-SiC-C内衬砖中Al₂O₃含量越高,高温下制品的液相量越低,越有利于提高耐火砖的高温力学性能;随着含碳量的增加,铁水包Al₂O₃-SiC-C内衬砖的抗渣性得到明显改善,但抗氧化性及高温抗折强度呈下降趋势;高炉渣中CaO、MgO向耐火砖中渗透,与耐火砖中的Al₂O₃、SiO₂发生反应形成高熔点的镁铝尖晶石及低熔点的钙长石等,生成的低熔相会加剧耐火砖的侵蚀。     

Multifunctional Refractory-lined Vessel: Ladle Aggregate

A ladle primarily is a container used to transport molten steel from the steelmaking unit to the casting facility.The essential requirements are heat resistant,insulative and strong enough to hold molten steel up to 300 t,with a structure of multilayered refractory lining in a steel shell vessel.When a ladle is assembled with three-phase graphite electrodes,a ladle furnace forms,starting steel refining process with/without the vacuum tank degasser and RH circulating degasser,in order to meet the growing demand on high purity and higher quality steel.The working lining is under aggressive conditions that comprise the chemical reaction with molten steel,the severe corrosion of liquid slag,the disaggregation through oxidation,and the strong stress due to the impacting of the melts and gases and the effects of thermomechanical behaviors.Magnesiacarbon brick is one of the major materials,being indispensable for the slagline of a ladle furnace.Alumina-magnesiacarbon brick has played an important role to substantially increase the service life in the metal zone,from the early lining materials of high alumina and doloma bricks.The permanent lining must assume sufficient responsibility to allow finishing the process of the engaged charge in case of a failure in the working lining.The insulation layer must be as thin as possible in order to maximize the ladle’s capacity,and reduce the shell temperature for saving energy.In this issue,several integrant refractories are reviewed or investigated in order to compile a lining overview,and to contribute a prolonged service life under aggressive working conditions of the ladle furnace.     

Innovative Lining of Unburnt Al_2O_3-MgO Brick for 300t Steel Ladle in Baosteel

The manufacture of clean steel needs high performance carbon-free bricks for ladle lining.Based on long term application experiences of the prefab Al₂O₃-MgO blocks,unburnt Al₂O₃-MgO brick has been developed by pressing a mix of alumina,spinel and magnesia as major raw materials and Al₂O₃-MgO gel powder as binder.In addition to low open porosity and high strength,the unburnt Al₂O₃-MgO brick shows superior corrosion resistance and thermal shock resistance to the prefab block.Field trials in a 300t steel ladle have indicated the residual lining of unburnt Al₂O₃-MgO bricks showed smooth surface without large spalling and seldom steel infiltration,consequently longer service life than the prefab blocks.The reliable,unburnt Al₂O₃-MgO bricks have more advantages of high efficiency,energy-saving and eco-friendly production.It will be one of the best options for ladle lining in the manufacture of high-purity steel.     

Tests of olivinite-based ladle refractory brick

A lining of burned forsterite—chromite brick, with the olivinite mined at the Khabozerovskoe deposit as the base, was tested in the 385-ton steel-teerning ladle of the converter plant at the Severstal' Works. The brick was made by the method developed at the St. Petersburg Institute of Refractories. The characteristics of the brick are given. The ladle lining was tested on a wide range of converter steel grades. At the end of the service period, the lining was examined and the nature of its wear was identified. The experimental lining withstood 23 heats. It is thought promising to use refractory brick of the forsterite composition in large-tonnage steel-teeming ladles.     

钢包内衬用MgO-CaO-C砖的开发与应用

采用抗水化处理后的镁钙砂为原料 ,研制了MgO -CaO -C砖 ,并对使用MgO -CaO -C砖过程中钢液中夹杂数量和氧含量的变化情况进行了分析。结果表明 :MgO -CaO -C砖在钢包包壁非渣线部位使用 ,能减少钢中氧含量和夹杂物数量 ,降低夹杂粒径 ,改变夹杂粒度分布 ,提高钢水质量。     

Testing ladle brick made by various factories

Conclusions The resistance of linings in steel-casting ladles depends on the working conditions and the construction of the lining, the quality of the brick laying during repairs of the working layer, and the resistance of the ladle brick. The greatest effect on the wear of the lining in ladles is exerted by the following working conditions: chemical composition of the slag, temperature of the metal being cast, the dwell time of metal and slag in the ladle during one casting, the height of the slag layer in the ladle, the thickness of the lining in each belt of the structure. The quality of the structure in the ladles is mainly determined by the size of the joints, the care with which they are filled with mortar, uniformity of drying and warming-up of the ladles before filling them with metal.The resistance of the ladle brick depends mainly on the apparent porosity and nature of the pores and the concentration of fluxes and mullite in the brick.The highest resistance in service was shown by Zaporozh'e ladle brick made from Polozhe kaolin and having the lowest apparent porosity. The concentration of iron oxides in the brick was moderate, and on average equalled 1.39%.In terms of falling resistance the ladle brick of the remaining concerns can be placed in the following order: Chasov-Yar, Semiluks, Bogdanovich, Magnitogorsk, and Borovich.In order to increase the resistance of steel casting ladle linings it is necessary to increase the resistance of the ladle brick by reducing the apparent porosity, using raw materials with low concentrations of fluxes and improving the firing in order to obtain the maximum conditions of the ladle, reducing to a minimum the quantity of slag and reducing the casting time; to use a more rational thickness for laying the ladles over the courses, taking into account better use of their capacity.Translated from Ogneupory, No.5, pp. 27–32, May, 1970.     

Increasing the life of steel ladle linings at the Cherepovets Metallurgical Factory

Conclusions A 4-stage lining was developed and introduced at the Cherepovets Metallurgical Factory for 300 ton steel ladles.As a result of introducing this lining and improving the quality of the brick the life of the ladle increased by 31% compared with that achieved in 1968.To ensure uniform resistance in the 4-stage lining over the height of the structure tests were made with a lining using semisilica brick based on Latnensk clay and Ovruch pyrophyllites in the upper and central belts of the structure. The use of the semisilica brick in place of the KShU-37 brick manufactured by the Borovich Refractories Combine increases the resistance of the lining in the ladles, and reduces the refractories consumption per ton of steel.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 4, pp. 22–25, April, 1971.     

Making ladle products using North Onezhsk bauxites

Conclusions It was found that the North-Onezhsk bauxites are promising raw materials for the production of highly resistant ladle bricks.We developed and mastered a technology in the BKO conditions for making ladle brick using these bauxites containing up to 6% iron oxides.In the lining of the steel ladles made with the use of bauxite chamotte, the bricks wear out 30–40% less than with ordinary ladle brick produced by BKO and the Chasov Yarsk Combine.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 4–9, August, 1980.     

铝镁尖晶石炭钢包砖的研制

在高铝质材料基质中加入MgO粉,并添加适量的碳素材料及抗氧化剂,研制出了铝镁尖晶石炭钢包砖。该铝镁尖晶石炭砖质量稳定,在太钢第二炼钢厂70t钢包上使用两年多来,包龄基本上稳定在75次左右,并且使用过程中侵蚀均匀,与打结包相比,挂渣少,无剥落。