GM T 熔融浸渍中熔体在玻纤毡中的流动

通过改装毛细管流变仪建立了专门的实验装置, 研究高温高压下熔体在纤维床层中的流动行为。采用一维恒压流动实验分别测量了不饱和及饱和流动状况下玻纤毡厚度方向聚丙烯熔体的渗透率, 考察了玻纤毡空隙率、单丝直径、针刺等几何结构对渗透率的影响。根据实验结果进一步讨论了GM T 片材熔融浸渍过程中的气泡形成以及浸渍工艺参数的选择。      

连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯预浸带熔融预浸过程

采用熔融浸渍法制备连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯（GF/PP）热塑预浸带,研究了PP熔体浸渍连续GF束过程。采用旋转流变仪对PP进行测试分析,结果显示其流变特性符合Carreau模型。以达西定律为理论基础,结合浸渍模具结构参数、材料物性参数及相应工艺参数,推导了Carreau流体树脂浸渍连续GF束的理论模型。在不同浸渍温度与牵引速度下进行实验以验证浸渍模型的准确,实验结果与理论值相符。利用浸渍模型分析模具结构参数及工艺参数对浸渍程度的影响,结果表明,通过增加模具浸渍辊数目、增大浸渍辊半径、减小辊间距及提高浸渍温度等方法可提高浸渍程度。     

C/C多孔体的高温热处理对C/SiC复合材料结构及力学性能的影响

以三维针刺碳毡作为预制体,先采用树脂单向加压浸渍-热解工艺制备出C/C多孔体,再通过反应熔体浸渗法获得C/SiC复合材料。重点研究了C/C多孔体的高温热处理对C/SiC复合材料结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,C/C多孔体的高温热处理不会改变C/SiC复合材料的相组成,但可使复合材料中的SiC含量提高,C含量降低;高温热处理有利于熔融Si浸渗,使复合材料致密度增大,孔隙率降低,从而使其弯曲断裂强度提高约28%;高温热处理还可使纤维-基体界面结合强度降低,改善复合材料的断裂韧性。     

纤维增强热塑性片材的关键技术与成型工艺

热塑性复合材料以其优越性能以及便于回收,近年来其增长速率几乎是热固性复合材料的2倍。以玻纤毡为增强材料,热塑性树脂为基体制备的复合片材GMT(Class Mat Reinforced Thermoplastics)是最重要的品种。为适应我国轿车工业的发展,“纤维增强热塑性片材的关键技术与成型工艺”在1996年作为863新材料专题立项,经过4年多时间的艰苦努力,突破一系列关键技术,无活性基团的聚丙烯(有机物)与玻璃纤维(无机物)之间的界面结合;高粘熔融聚合物浸渍(多孔纤维层);加温、加压     

HDPE熔体连续挤出自增强的研究(Ⅰ)机头压力与温度对自增强试样结构与性能的影响

通过SEM、DSC与拉伸测试,研究机头压力与机头出口温度对HDPE熔体连续挤出自增强片材(厚度1.5 mm)结构与性能的影响.结果表明,可在40 MPa或更低的机头压力下通过熔体连续挤出来制备具有高性能的体型聚烯烃材料,熔体温度是影响熔体连续挤出自增强效果的重要参数.     

界面柔性层对玻璃纤维毡增强聚丙烯复合材料力学性能的影响

通过橡胶分子链在玻璃纤维表面的接枝,在玻璃纤维毡增强聚丙烯复合体系中引入了界面柔性层,研究了柔性层的种类及厚度对复合体系界面结合及力学性能的影响,结果表明,采用容易与玻璃纤维表面形成化学键等牢固结合与基体树脂有一定相容性的橡胶分子链作为界面柔性层,可以获得高强度,高抗冲的玻璃纤维毡增强聚丙烯复合材料,柔性层的厚度对复合体系的力学性能有很大的影响,超过一定的厚度后,随着柔性层的增厚,玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能呈下降的趋势。     

HDPE熔体连续挤出自增强的研究（Ⅰ）机头压力与温度对自 …

通过ＳＥＭ、ＤＣＳ与拉伸测试，研究机头压力与机头出口温度对ＨＤＰＥ熔体志愿同自增强片材结构与性能的影响。结果表明，可在４０ＭＰａ或更低的要头压力下通过熔体连续挤出来制备具有高性能的体型聚烯烃材料，熔体温度是影响熔体连续挤出自增强效果的重要参数。     

RTM玻璃纤维/E51环氧树脂复合材料孔隙含量对超声特征参数的影响

在0.1~0.35 MPa的树脂注射压力条件下,制备了孔隙含量不同的玻璃纤维连续毡/E51环氧树脂的树脂传递模塑（RTM）工艺试件,采用超声法、金相法和密度烧失法测量试件的孔隙含量。讨论了孔隙含量随树脂注射压力变化以及孔隙含量对RTM玻璃纤维/环氧树脂复合材料超声参数和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,树脂注射压力的变化对孔隙含量产生明显影响,注射压力由0.1 MPa增加到0.35 MPa过程中,玻璃纤维连续毡/E51环氧树脂复合材料的孔隙含量从9.95%减小至3.73%。超声特征参数随孔隙含量的增加呈近于线性递增,尤其是超声非线性特征参数的变化更加明显,超声特征参数的变化可评价复合材料孔隙含量。     

SAG对长玻纤增强AS复合材料性能的影响

以苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物作为基体,苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯作为相容剂,热塑性弹性体聚氨酯作为增韧剂,采用熔体浸渍工艺制备了长玻纤增强苯乙烯-丙烯腈复合材料。研究了不同苯乙烯-丙烯腈接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯用量对长玻璃纤维增强苯乙烯基-丙烯腈复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,随着相容剂含量的增加,长玻璃纤维增强苯乙烯-丙烯腈复合材料的机械力学和动态力学性能呈现先增大后降低的趋势;对长玻纤增强苯乙烯-丙烯腈复合材料的形态分析得出,添加相容剂后的玻璃纤维表面包覆了一层树脂。     

双酚A型二氰酸酯树脂浸渍GC／PTFE透波复合材料的性能

采用双酚A型二氰酸酯(BADCy)树脂热融法对玻璃布(GC)/聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料进行浸渍以改善GC/PTFE透波复合材料的力学性能,研究了BADCy树脂的浸渍工艺、GC/PTFE复合材料孔隙率、BADCy浸入量等对复合材料介电性能及力学性能的影响规律,并用扫描电子显微镜对断口形貌进行了分析。结果表明,当GC/PTFE复合材料的孔隙率为25%时、采用85℃抽真空(0.01 MPa)的浸渍工艺能获得BADCy含量为14.4%(质量分数)的GC/PTFE复合材料,该复合材料具有较优的力学性能和良好的介电性能。湿/热研究表明,经BADCy浸渍后的GC/PTFE复合材料具有较好的耐水煮性能,可满足结构透波材料的使用要求。     

水悬浮法制备连续玻璃纤维针刺毡增强PVC复合材料工艺的研究

介绍了水悬浮法制备连续玻璃纤维针刺毡增强PVC复合材料（PVC／GMT）的成型工艺。讨论了材料成型过程中的工艺设计的要点。针对硬质PVC难加工的特点，选用了ACR-401作为加工过程中的流动改性剂，并且讨论了ACR-401流动改性剂的含量对PVC／GMT材料力学性能的影响。同时研究了不同玻璃纤维含量对PVC／GMT材料力学性能的影响。     

铺层结构对PP/GMT片材孔隙含量和力学性能的影响

针对PP/GMT材料，研究了铺层结构对片材孔隙含量和力学性能的影响。铺层结构的变化，可使弯曲性能和拉伸性能分别提高25%和13%左右，而其抗冲击性能约下降20%，因而，改变铺层结构，可以调控材料的某些性能指标，以满足材料特定的使用场合。     

云母和纤维组合增强聚丙烯复合材料Ⅰ.力学性能研究

以云母填充聚丙烯为基体,连续无规玻璃纤维毡为增强材料,通过双钢带压机制成了云母填充ＧＭＴ（Ｇｌａｓｓ Ｍａｔ Ｒｅｉｎｆｏｒｃｅｄ Ｔｈｅｒｍｏｐｌａｓｔｉｃ）．研究了云母的加入对 ＧＭＴ力学性能的影响,结果表明,少量云母的加入,使ＧＭＴ的力学性能发生明显变化,强度和刚性显著提高,云母和纤维表现出正的组合效应;随着云母填充量增加,ＧＭＴ的强度和模量下降,云母与纤维的组合表现出负效应,云母对ＧＭＴ力学性能的影响主要与云母的加入引起的玻璃纤维与聚丙烯基体之间的界面结合有关,少量云母的加入使玻璃纤维与基体的界面结合强度提高,而大量云母的加入则造成纤维与基体界面结合强度下降,向基体中添加马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（ＭＰＰ）,能有效改善在云母含量较高情况下纤维与基体的界面结合状况,使高填充云母ＧＭＴ表现出优良的力学性能　还研究了云母粒径对云母填充ＧＭＴ力学性能的影响,     

Mechanical properties of hybrid kenaf/glass reinforced epoxy composite for passenger car bumper beam

It is estimated that the annual world car production rate will reach 76 million vehicles per year by 2020. New regulations such as the EU End of Life Vehicles (ELV) regulations are forcing car manufacturers to consider the environmental impact of their production and possibly shift from the use of synthetic materials to the use of agro-based materials. Poor mechanical properties and certain manufacturing limitations currently limit the use of agro-based materials to non-structural and semi-structural automotive components. The hybridization of natural fiber with glass fiber provides a method to improve the mechanical properties over natural fibers alone. This research is focused on a hybrid of kenaf/glass fiber to enhance the desired mechanical properties for car bumper beams as automotive structural components with modified sheet molding compound (SMC). A specimen without any modifier is tested and compared with a typical bumper beam material called glass mat thermoplastic (GMT). The results indicate that some mechanical properties such as tensile strength, Young’s modulus, flexural strength and flexural modulus are similar to GMT, but impact strength is still low, and shows the potential for utilization of hybrid natural fiber in some car structural components such as bumper beams.     

Strain field inhomogeneities and stiffness changes in GMT containing voids

During compression moulding of glass mat thermoplastics (GMT), voids may form. However, it is not clear whether voids are as critical to mechanical performance in GMT as in thermoset composites. The present investigation also considers the general problem of damage mechanisms in GMT. Conventional tensile tests, acoustic emission, a stiffness degradation test and a speckle technique for strain field measurements are used as well as optical microscopy of polished cross-sections. The void content (up to 5%) does not significantly influence the strength or stiffness degradation process. The reason is the large inhomogeneity of the strain fields in GMT. Failure occurs in locally soft regions and void effects are of secondary importance. Details of the failure process are discussed, emphasising the large local strains in matrix-rich regions.     

Morphology and mechanical properties of isotactic polypropylene glass mat thermoplastic composites modified with organophilic montmorillonite

Satisfactory impregnation of glass fiber mats may be obtained with isotactic polypropylene/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites under conditions comparable with industrial conditions. However, it is demonstrated here that the high melt viscosity of the nanocomposite matrix at low shear rates may significantly influence the release of the compressive load in the glass mat and hence the glass fiber distribution in consolidated specimens. Thus, depending on the initial lay-up and overall glass fiber content, the bending modulus may either increase or decrease with increasing MMT content, whereas the tensile modulus is more consistent with micromechanical models assuming a uniform glass fiber distribution. Results from fractographic analyses show that the presence of matrix rich layers at the specimen surfaces may also lead to premature crack initiation and failure in flexion.     

Preparation and performance of long carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 composites injection-molded from core/shell structured pellets

In this work, long carbon fiber reinforced polyamide 6 (LCF/PA6) composites were prepared by injection-molding a novel kind of core/shell pellets that were mass produced by a convenient and scalable process of melt impregnation assisted by a single screw extruder. The effect of fiber sizing treatment on fiber distribution, melt flowability, and mechanical properties of the LCF/PA6 composites was investigated. It was demonstrated that the melt flowability exhibited a continuous increase with the increase of sizing concentration while the mechanical properties showed peak values at a sizing concentration of 22 wt.%. In addition, the mechanical properties of the LCF/PA6 composites at the optimal sizing concentration were examined as a function of the content of carbon fibers. These findings may provide guidance for the studies aimed at developing long carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites with desirable mechanical properties.     

粉末浸渍长玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯的压缩模塑

采用粉末浸渍的方法制备连续玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯预浸料,经切割获得长纤维增强聚丙烯粒子,采用单螺杆挤出机挤出形成模塑料,探索了模塑料的压缩模塑成型工艺,研究了成型后材料的力学性能及其影响因素。结果表明:粉末浸渍的长纤维增强聚丙烯经压缩模塑后可获得力学性能优良的制品;随着预浸料切割长度的增大、纤维含量的增加,材料的力学性能提高;在基体聚丙烯中添加接枝极性基团的功能化聚丙烯,可改善体系的界面结合,提高材料的力学性能,但功能化聚丙烯的含量超过一定值后,材料的冲击强度有所下降;适当提高模具温度、模塑料温度及成型压力,可以提高材料的力学性能。