聚乙烯基木塑复合材料的吸水性及其影响

将配方中部分至全部的聚乙烯(PE)用马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(MAPE)替代,用挤出成型法制备聚乙烯基木塑复合材料(WPC),研究WPC的浸水时间、MAPE含量对WPC吸水率的影响,以及吸水率对WPC的弯曲强度、冲击强度和吸水膨胀的影响.结果表明:随着WPC浸水时间增加,初期WPC的吸水速率较快,随后吸水速率逐渐减慢,浸水时间足够长后,WPC的吸水率达到饱和而不再增加;随着WPC中MAPE含量增加,WPC的吸水率降低,吸水膨胀率减小;WPC的弯曲强度、冲击强度和WPC材料尺寸与其吸水率有直接关系,随着WPC吸水率增加,WPC的弯曲强度和冲击强度趋向于降低,WPC吸水膨胀率增加,当WPC吸水达到饱和吸水率后,WPC的弯曲强度、冲击强度和材料尺寸均趋于稳定.     

建筑用聚丙烯基木塑复合材料耐水性能研究

制备了聚丙烯(PP)基木塑复合材料(WPC),研究了马来酸酐(MAH)、木粉用量以及木粉粒径对WPC性能的影响,并考察了浸泡及擦干放置后WPC的性能变化和恢复情况。结果表明:随着增容剂MAH用量的增加,WPC的拉伸强度和冲击强度均先增大后减小,吸水率则呈下降趋势;当浸水1天后,WPC浸水试样的拉伸强度下降,冲击强度则有所提升,并且随着MAH用量的增加,材料拉伸强度的下降趋于显著,冲击强度的提升幅度则逐渐减小;当MAH用量超过8份后,干燥后的WPC浸水试样(擦干放置1天),力学性能基本恢复。随着木粉用量的增加,WPC的拉伸强度先增大后减小,冲击强度不断减小,而吸水率则有所增大,其中当木粉含量超过10份时,干燥后的WPC浸水试样,其拉伸强度仅能得到部分恢复。另外随着木粉粒径的减小,WPC的吸水率明显增大,冲击强度有所提高;而木粉粒径对干燥后WPC浸水试样的拉伸强度恢复情况影响不大,其中当木粉粒度为60目时,试样的冲击强度比浸水前有所提升。     

高分子相容剂对玻璃纤维增强PA66性能的影响

研究了高分子相容剂(PE-g-MAH和POE-g-MAH)对干态和湿态下玻璃纤维增强尼龙66(PA66)性能的影响。结果表明:在干态和湿态下,随着相容剂用量的增加,两种高分子相容剂都能使玻璃纤维增强PA66的冲击强度增大,而使其拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量降低,其中POE-g-MAH增韧效果更为明显;吸水率随相容剂用量的增加而缓慢下降,但相容剂种类对吸水率影响较小。     

环境因素对木塑复合材料性能的影响

以高密度聚乙烯( HDPE)为塑料基体,木粉为填料,用挤出成型法制备了高木粉含量的木塑复合材料( WPC).用万能材料试验机的控温箱加热和冷冻的方法模拟环境温度变化对WPC力学性能的影响,用常温浸水法模拟环境雨水对WPC吸水率和力学性能的影响,用DSC测定了WPC在室外环境暴露前后的氧化诱导期,以快速研究和间接推测WPC抗老化的性能.结果表明:随着温度升高,WPC的拉伸和弯曲强度明显降低;随着浸水时间增加(吸水率增大),WPC的力学强度先是有一定幅的降低,然后趋于稳定值;在室外环境暴露10个月后的WPC表面取样测得的氧化诱导期明显低于新制得的WPC,而其内部取样测得的氧化诱导期则较长,说明WPC在室外环境中暴露10个月后,表面老化明显,但内部无明显老化现象.     

不同塑料基木塑复合材料的性能对比研究

以小麦秸秆粉(WSP)与线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)、高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物(ABS)、聚苯乙烯(PS)及聚丙烯(PP)等几种塑料为原料,采用挤出加注塑工艺制备木塑复合材料(WPC),研究不同木塑复合材料的力学性能、热性能及吸水性能。结果表明,HDPE基及PP基WPC的静曲强度和静曲模量综合性能最好,ABS基和PS基WPC次之,LLDPE基最差; HDPE基WPC热稳定性最好,其次是LLDPE基和PP基WPC; LDPE基WPC的吸水膨胀率最低,吸水后尺寸稳定性最好,而ABS基WPC最差;浸泡吸水方面,起初阶段,不同WPC吸水率虽然有所差别,但差别不大,但随着浸泡时间的延长,ABS吸水率最大,其次是PS基WPCs,而其它三种WPC的吸水率差距不是特别明显。     

木粉预处理对PP木塑复合料性能影响

采用熔融共混法制备了聚丙烯(PP)木塑复合材料(WPC),研究了木粉含量及预处理方式对WPC力学性能、吸水性能的影响.结果表明:随着木粉含量的增大,WPC的弯曲强度和弯曲模量明显上升,拉伸强度有所降低,而冲击强度基本保持不变.木粉经过化学预处理对WPC力学性能的改善比物理预处理要好.从吸水率来看,随着木粉含量的增大,WPC吸水率保持在0.22％以下,远低于纯木材.     

相容剂对碳纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响

研究了马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-GMA)2种相容剂对碳纤维增强聚丙烯(CF/PP)复合材料性能的影响。结果表明:随着相容剂添加量的增加,CF/PP复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、缺口冲击强度增加,相容剂添加质量分数在6%时增加效果最为明显;2种相容剂对熔融温度及结晶度影响不大,但PP-g-MAH对CF/PP复合材料综合性能的提升优于PP-g-GMA。     

MMT对WPC吸水前后拉伸及弯曲性能的影响

木粉经过NaOH溶液处理后，表面出现了孔洞结构，用处理后的木粉与PP废玩具塑料(X-PP)制备的木塑复合材料(WPC),其内部的木粉和X-PP的界面连接性与未处理的相比较好；在WPC中加入蒙脱土(MMT),复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量均升高，断裂伸长率和吸水性降低，添加5%的MMT,复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和模量分别为19.3、29.1和2 410.1 MPa,与未添加的WPC相比，分别提高了12.2%、6.6%和7.6%;吸水后，WPC的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和弯曲模量从16.1、26.4和2 130.2 MPa分别下降至14.2、21.2和1 732.1 MPa,添加MMT可以有效降低WPC吸水后性能的下降率。当添加5%的MMT时，WPC吸水后的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和模量的下降率分别从9.8%、12.8%和13.4%下降至3.6%、5.2%和5.5%。     

聚丙烯／木粉复合材料的加工成型及其力学性能研究

采用混炼工艺制备了聚丙烯／木粉复合材料（WPC）。研究了木粉、界面增溶剂-马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（MAPP）的用量对WPC力学性能的影响。采用红外光谱仪对PP、MAPP、木粉及WPC的结构进行了表征和分析。结果表明，聚丙烯中加入木粉后，复合材料的拉伸强度及弯曲强度均比纯PP的要低，拉伸模量和弯曲模量逐渐升高，但复合材料的拉伸断裂伸长率随木粉用量的增加而逐渐下降。随着MAPP用量的增加，木粉用量较低（10％、20％）的WPC的拉伸强度和弯曲强度均先增加，然后逐渐减少，而木粉用量较高的WPC的强度值却在不断增高。当MAPP的质量分数为2％-4％时，复合材料的冲击强度值一般达到最高。红外谱图研究表明，偶联剂的加入可以把木纤维中的羟基酯化，改善木塑界面之间的相容性。     

注塑级木塑复合材料的制备与性能研究

本文采用木粉填充聚丙烯,制备了注塑级木塑复合材料,研究了木粉、相容剂及润滑剂对复合材料的吸水率、注塑成型的收缩率以及熔融指数的影响。结果表明,木粉的加入降低了复合材料的流动性与注塑收缩率,但吸水率增加;相容剂能有效降低吸水率;聚乙烯蜡是该体系较优的润滑剂。     

棉秆塑木复合材料的制备及性能研究

以棉秆粉和回收聚乙烯为原料、钛酸酯为偶联剂,采用热压法制备了棉秆塑木复合材料,利用正交试验法探讨了棉秆粉含量、热压温度和保温时间对塑木复合材料性能的影响,并通过物理力学性能测试单独考察了棉秆粉含量对塑木复合材料性能的影响。正交试验法的结果表明:棉秆粉含量对复合材料的弯曲强度、弹性模量和吸水率影响最大,热压温度和保温时间对复合材料的弯曲强度和弹性模量影响较大,对吸水率影响不大;当棉秆粉含量为40%、热压温度为160℃、保温时间为10 min时,塑木复合材料具有最优的综合性能。物理力学性能测试结果表明:复合材料的弯曲强度和弹性模量随棉秆粉含量的增加均呈现先增大后减小的趋势,在棉秆粉含量为40%时均达到最大值;吸水率随棉秆粉含量的增加而增大。     

PP-g-MAH增容改性木粉/PP复合材料的性能研究

以马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯 (PP-g-MAH) 为相容剂,聚丙烯 (PP) 为基体,通过熔融共混法制备了木粉/PP复合材料。研究了 PP-g-MAH 用量对复合材料力学性能及吸水性能的影响; 采用扫描电镜 (SEM) 观察了复合体系的冲击断面形貌。结果表明: 当 PP-g-MAH 的质量分数为 4%时,可以提高添加 35 份木粉复合材料体系的拉伸强度及弯曲强度,比未添加相容剂的分别提高了 49.4%和 16%,而缺口冲击强度仅下降了 9%。SEM 观察证实: PP-g-MAH 的加入有利于提高木粉与 PP 基体的界面相互作用。从吸水率来看,木粉/PP 复合材料的吸水率保持在 0.22% 以下,远低于纯木材。     

Woven glass fabric/polyester composites: effect of interface tailoring on water absorption

An experimental investigation was carried out to study the effect of different surface treatments on the moisture absorption behavior of glass fabric/polyester composites. The materials under study included composites containing clean glass fabrics, fabrics treated with a silane coupling agent, and fabrics coated with a poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomer. Weight gain data versus time of immersion were collected at three immersion temperatures and water uptake at equilibrium as well as apparent diffusion coefficients were calculated. The interlaminar shear strength was also measured at the initial dry state and at different stages of the absorption process to estimate the interfacial contribution to sorption behavior. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 843–851, 2005     

硅烷偶联剂对复合水泥砂浆性能的影响

通过红外光谱分析及砂浆强度测试，研究了硅烷偶联剂对不同种类复合水泥砂浆的稠度、分层度、抗折强度及抗压强度的影响。结果表明，加入硅烷偶联剂能提高普通水泥砂浆、苯丙胶乳改性水泥砂浆的抗折强度和抗压强度；当硅烷偶联剂质量分数为0．5％时，普通水泥砂浆的抗折强度和抗压强度达到极大值，提高约10％；当硅烷偶联剂质量分数为1％时，苯丙胶乳改性水泥砂浆的抗折强度和抗压强度达到极大值，提高约20％；同时，硅烷偶联剂还能增大普通水泥砂浆和苯丙胶乳改性水泥砂浆的稠度，但砂浆的分层度略有增大。加入经硅烷偶联剂处理的钢纤维，能够提高普通水泥砂浆及苯丙胶乳改性水泥砂浆的抗折强度和抗压强度；当钢纤维用硅烷偶联剂质量分数为1％的硅烷偶联剂水溶液处理时，钢纤维增强砂浆的抗折、抗压强度达到极大值，提高10％以上。     

Methods for improving the performance of silane coupling agents

The use of silane coupling agents in mineral- and glass-reinforced composites is well known. They impart improved initial mechanical properties, but, more importantly, they cause mechanical properties to be retained during the use of the composite. The main cause of loss of mechanical properties is attack of water at the interface. Recent research has focused on imparting more durable bonding of the silane coupling agent to both the polymer and the reinforcement. Improved silane coupling agent systems have been developed by utilizing several techniques: blends of hydrophobic silanes with hydrophilic silanes to give greater hydrophobic character; use of 1,2-bis-(trimethoxysilyl)ethane as an additive to give increased siloxane crosslinking; use of more thermally stable silanes such as phenyltrimethoxysilane and N-[2-(vinylbenzylamino)-ethyl]-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane to give increased thermal stability; and the use of a carboxy-functional silane with a carboxy-functional polymer and zinc salt to give ionomer bonds at the interface. The effectiveness of these new coupling agent systems was tested by measuring the flexural strength of composites and the adhesion strength of coatings on inorganic substrates. The results show that composites have increased flexural strength and better strength retention during thermal aging; coatings have greater adhesion strength; there is greater resistance of interfacial bonding to degradation by moisture; and thermoplastic composites have better properties after high shear processing.     

PP基木塑复合材料的制备及性能研究

以PP为基体,采用热压成型方法制备木塑复合材料。通过X-ray衍射,SEM研究了木粉含量、偶联剂改性对复合材料结晶、流变、力学性能的影响。结果表明,木粉的加入会抑制β-PP晶型的生成,10份木粉可能有助于（040）晶面的生长。随着木粉含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度有所提高,而冲击性能明显降低。加入0.5份铝酸酯偶联剂时,α-PP的特征峰（130）,以及主要晶面（010）、（040）的衍射强度均有所增加,缺口冲击强度为6.25kJ/㎡,较WF30提高23.52%,SEM结果也显示出同样的趋势;同时,材料的加工性能也有所改善。     

内掺硅烷乳液憎水剂对混凝土性能的影响

通过强度测试、水化热实验、热重分析、毛细吸水实验以及压汞实验研究了内掺硅烷乳液憎水剂对混凝土强度以及毛细吸水性能的影响规律及其机理.结果表明:高掺量硅烷乳液一定程度上抑制水泥水化,从而导致混凝土早龄期抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度下降以及28 d养护后水泥净浆试块中毛细孔的体积增大.毛细吸水实验表明:28 d龄期混凝土毛细吸水...     

影响聚丙烯基木塑复合材料力学性能因素

研究了偶联剂、相容剂、木粉用量和木质填料种类对以聚丙烯（PP）为基体树脂制备小塑复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明，以硅烷偶联剂处理木粉或直接加入相容剂均使复合材料力学性能得到提高；木粉用量的提高使复合材料冲击强度下降，弯曲强度、弯曲模量、拉伸强度则大幅提高；在分别以粒径为0．14mm木粉和0．22mm木粉、竹粉、花生壳粉、稻壳粉制备复合材料，以粒径为0．14mm木粉与PP制备的复合材料力学性能最好。     

Effects of silane coupling agent and maleic anhydride‐grafted polypropylene on the morphology and viscoelastic properties of polypropylene–mica composites

In this study, morphology, and dynamic and mechanical properties of polypropylene–mica (PP–Mica) composites were investigated. To enhance the adhesion between PP and mica, maleic anhydride‐grafted PP (MAPP) and treated mica with silane coupling agent were used. MAPP (as a compatibilizer) and silane coupling agent (as a filler surface modifier) caused an interfacial bonding in the mica filled polypropylene composites. The effect of mica content, MAPP, and treated mica with silane coupling agent on the morphological properties were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that with increasing MAPP or silane coupling agent, dispersion of filler and adhesion between PP and filler were improved. Mechanical data showed that with increasing MAPP and mica treated with silane coupling agent, tensile modulus and flextural strength of composites were enhanced. Dynamic rheological behavior of composites was also investigated within the domain of linear viscoelasticity. The rheological observations indicated that the complex viscosity, storage and loss moduli increased, and tan δ decreased with increasing mica content. POLYM. COMPOS. 27:491–496, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers.     

Effects of alkaline and silane treatments on the water‐resistance properties of wood‐fiber‐reinforced recycled plastic composites

The water‐resistance properties of wood‐fiber‐reinforced recycled plastic composites (WRPCs) prepared from postconsumer high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and wood fibers from saw mills were studied. Three methods consisting of an alkaline method (AM), a silane method (SM), and a combination of the alkaline and silane methods (ASM) were used to modify the wood fibers. The effects of fiber/matrix mix ratio and surface treatment on the moisture content, thickness swelling, and flexural strength change of the WRPCs, before and after immersion in 60°C water for 8 weeks, were studied and analyzed. The flexural fractured surfaces of the WRPCs before and after immersion in hot water were examined, and the fracture mechanism of the WRPCs was discussed. The results showed that the different surface treatments of the wood fibers had significant effects on the moisture content, thickness swelling, and flexural strength of the WRPCs after a long immersion time in hot water. For WRPCs treated by ASM, the moisture content was the lowest, the thickness swelling was at a minimum, and the flexural strength was the highest. Higher water absorption of composites with fiber treated by the AM or SM methods, as compared to those treated by ASM, could be attributed to the incomplete adhesion and wettability between the wood fibers and the polymer matrix, which may have caused more gaps and flaws at the interface. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.