太阳能驱动的吸附式制冷研究进展

太阳能驱动的吸附式制冷技术是一种能有效利用太阳能，且对环境友好的新型制冷技术。文章对太阳能驱动的吸附式制冷技术的研究现状进行了总结，并对进一步开展太阳能驱动的吸附式制冷系统的研究作了展望。     

太阳能氨水吸收式家用制冷空调的开发与应用

介绍太阳能集热器和氨水吸收式制冷机的结构、原理和特点,对利用太阳能驱动氨-水吸收式制冷空调的可行性进行分析探讨,阐述研制开发太阳能氨水吸收式制冷空调对节能降耗保护环境的意义.     

新型太阳能吸收式制冷循环的性能分析

在两级溴化锂吸收式制冷循环的基础上,提出了一种由太阳能驱动的新型吸收式制冷循环,并对其进行性能分析。通过大量计算,分析结果表明,在现有太阳能集热器所能提供的热水温度范围内,新型太阳能吸收式制冷循环有较高的热力系数。该循环系统的中间压力、中间浓度对系统的热力系数和热源可利用温差有较大影响。     

基于半导体制冷的太阳能多功能遮阳伞设计及实验测试

设计了一种以太阳能电池板作为太阳能的收集装置。通过利用半导体制冷原理的太阳能多功能遮阳伞,本设计利用蓄电池储存太阳能电池板的发电,驱动半导体制冷片制冷和冷风扇运转从而给伞下创造出一个凉爽通风的环境,经实验测试,可使站在伞下人的体表温度最大降低约5.6℃。本设计还可用作手机电源及晚上用于遮阳伞的照明与美化,且结构简单、节能环保,可为别墅花园、露台茶座、草坪沙滩、商贩摊位、交警站台等户外场所提供低温环境。     

太阳能制冷讲座(1) 太阳能空调制冷技术

太阳能用于空调制冷,最大的优点是季节匹配性好。利用太阳能实现制冷效应有多种技术途径,其中将太阳辐射转变为热能,通过热能实现制冷的方式最具有应用前景,特点是能够实现太阳能供热、空调综合利用,全年综合转换效率高。针对常见的太阳能热能转换制冷空调方式,从太阳能集热转换、匹配制冷循环选择、最新研究进展等方面进行了分析介绍。     

以太阳能为热源的冷热电联合循环研究综述

常规的冷热电联供技术是提高能源利用率的有放手段。但是仍然不能完全解决消耗化石能源存在污染的问题。以太阳能作为热源驱动冷热电联供则能从根本上解决这一问题。分析太阳能冷热电联产的原理和实现形式，以及各种不同实现形式的优缺点和应用前最。以太阳能为热源，通过光电转换并驱动制冷机组制冷，或者通过光热电转换。以动力循环的方式实现同时发电和供暖，制冷是太阳能冷热电联产的技术途径之一。发展太阳能冷热电联产是解决目前能源紧张和污染问题的有效手段。尽管目前的技术水平还不能使其在实际领域进行大规模应用，但该技术是将来能源技术的主要发展方向之一。     

太阳能空调制冷技术

太阳能用于空调制冷,最大的优点是季节匹配性好.利用太阳能实现制冷效应有多种技术途径,其中将太阳辐射转变为热能,通过热能实现制冷的方式最具有应用前景,特点是能够实现太阳能供热、空调综合利用,全年综合转换效率高.针对常见的太阳能热能转换制冷空调方式,从太阳能集热转换、匹配制冷循环选择、最新研究进展等方面进行了分析介绍.     

新型太阳能喷射与电压缩式联合制冷系统的研究

提出一种新型的太阳能喷射与电压缩联合制冷系统,其既可以利用太阳能喷射式制冷又可以利用电能驱动压缩式制冷,可提高太阳能与辅助能源的综合利用率。对该系统中以R141b作为制冷工质,采用斜盘式压缩机的辅助电压缩制冷系统进行了理论循环计算与实验研究。实验表明,该辅助电压缩制冷系统的性能系数达到2.53。与传统的辅助能源应用方式相比,该辅助电压缩式制冷系统能更高效地利用常规能源,提高新型太阳能喷射制冷系统的综合节能效果。     

一种新型混合吸收式制冷循环的性能分析

该文提出一种新型吸收式循环，可以较好利用太阳能实现制冷，解决传统吸收式系统在利用太阳能实现制冷时存在的弊端。这种新型混合式吸收式制冷循环在两级吸收式循环的基础上增设了一个附加高压发生器，发现影响系统COP值的因素主要是LiBr溶液浓度与低压发生器中的压力。在溶液浓度与压力的允许范围内时，新型循环的高压发生器再生出LiBr溶液与低压吸收器的吸收后的溶液混合，提高高压吸收器吸收剂浓度从而减小其压力。本文主要分析了混合吸收式制冷循环的各种性能特性，得出影响系统热力系数(COP)可达0．55，驱动热源的可利用温差最高可达35℃。     

沸石在太阳能热利用中的应用

自从1756年人类第一次发现沸石以来,它已在各行各业得到了广泛应用,成为国民经济中一种重要的新材料。沸石在太阳能热利用中,也越来越引起人们的注意。制冷“压缩机”就太阳能制冷方式而言,目前一般分为三大类:兰金循环驱动的压缩式制冷、蒸汽喷射式制冷和吸收式制冷。当热源温度较低(采用普通平板集热器)和冷凝温度较高(采用空气冷却式冷凝器)时,上述制冷方式的效率很低。此时若采用沸石来制冷,则能获得较高的效率。     

新型太阳能喷射与电压缩联合制冷系统研究

为提高太阳能与辅助能源的综合利用率，提出了一种新型的太阳能喷射式与电压缩式有机结合为一体的联合制冷系统，进而对这种新型联合系统及传统联合系统进行了热力学对比分析，对联合系统太阳能喷射式制冷时最佳发生温度进行了选择，并计算了典型年气象条件下两种联合系统相对于电压缩制冷系统的节能量及节能率。结果表明：两种联合系统相对于电压缩式制冷系统而言都是节能的，但新型联合制冷系统比传统联合制冷系统更节能，更能高效地综合利用太阳能与常规能源：在文中计算条件下，新型联合系统比传统联合系统多节能13．6％。     

Desalination using solar energy: Towards sustainability

This paper describes the theoretical rationale for a new low temperature phase-change desalination process, and six examples of applications to illustrate how this process can be engineered for sustainable desalination. In this process, brackish water is evaporated at near-ambient temperatures under near-vacuum pressures created by the barometric head without any mechanical energy input. Thermodynamic advantages and benefits of low temperature phase-change desalination are discussed and results from simulation studies and a prototype test system are presented. Three of the examples illustrate how the proposed process can be driven by solar energy: a) utilizing direct solar energy; b) inclusion of an external reflector; c) utilizing photovoltaic energy during non-sunlight hours. The other examples illustrate how the proposed process can be driven by waste heat: i) waste heat rejected by an absorption refrigeration unit driven by grid power; ii) waste heat rejected by an absorption refrigeration unit driven by solar collectors; and iii) waste heat rejected by an absorption refrigeration unit supported by a photovoltaic array. Merits of utilizing solar energy and process waste heat in reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions are discussed in detail.     

A review on solar-powered closed physisorption cooling systems

Cooling, refrigeration, and air conditioning processes are considered essential needs and major requirements for all human beings in our world today. However, the traditional vapor compression machines are dominating electricity consumers and their operation and propagation cause high electricity peak loads during the summer, especially in those countries with tropical climate. That is besides their refrigerants having high global warming as well as ozone layer depletion potentials. Providing cooling by utilizing a green energy such as solar energy is the key solution to electricity and pollution problems. Adsorption refrigeration systems that are driven by solar energy are mature technologies. They are proven to be suitable and applicable for refrigeration as well as air-conditioning applications. Solar adsorption cooling technology is divided into physisorption and chemisorption systems. The physisorption machines include open and closed cycle operation. This paper presents a review on previous researches and developments of the solar driven closed physisorption refrigeration systems. The discussion includes, experimental and numerical simulation studies as well as methods that are suggested to improve the system performance.     

太阳能相变蓄热应用于吸收式制冷的分析

介绍了一种将太阳能相变蓄热技术应用于两级吸收式制冷的新型空调系统,简要分析了该系统的装置结构、工作原理和使用优点。对相变蓄热装置放热过程中放热盘管出水温度随放热时间的变化关系进行了实验测量,并对两级吸收式制冷系统效率进行了分析。通过研究可知,该太阳能空调系统有效解决了以往系统不稳定性和间断性问题;太阳能相变蓄热装置具有体积小、蓄热量大、放热速率大、连续放热温度均匀、便于控制热源加热温度等特点,适合储存太阳能并为吸收式制冷系统提供加热热源。综合考虑系统设备简单,加工要求低的制造特点,所以吸收式制冷以太阳能等低品位热源驱动有着良好的发展前景。     

采用不同集热器的太阳能吸收式制冷系统经济性分析

以能源平均成本和动态投资回收期为经济性指标,对采用平板集热器、真空管集热器、复合抛物面集热器和槽式集热器驱动的太阳能单效溴化锂吸收式制冷系统进行了对比分析,同时以?效率和动态投资回收期为目标对优选的太阳能制冷系统进行了多目标优化。结果表明：采用真空管集热器的太阳能制冷系统的能源平均成本最低及动态投资回收期最短;发生器热水进口温度存在最优值使得系统?效率最高,能源平均成本最低;增加系统装机容量可有效降低系统的能源平均成本并且缩短投资回收期;太阳辐照强度越大,太阳能制冷系统的能源平均成本越低及投资回收期越短。此外,多目标优化结果表明发生器热水进口温度存在最优值可使得综合目标函数取得最小值。     

Theoretical study of a transcritical ejector refrigeration cycle with refrigerant R143a

In this paper, a transcritical ejector refrigeration cycle (TERC) using refrigerant R143a as working fluid is proposed to improve the performance of the ejector refrigeration systems driven by low-grade thermal energy. This method adopts an adequate combination of thermal and mechanical energy through the operation of the transcritical process for generator to enhance the performance of the conventional ejector refrigeration cycle (ERC) at the cost of additional driving mechanical energy. The performance characteristics of the TERC are investigated based on theoretical simulations. The TERC is also compared with the conventional ERC using refrigerant R134a. The study shows that when utilizing the low-grade thermal energy, the TERC yields significant increase in COP by adding auxiliary mechanical energy of the cycle pump and has a higher potential in making effective use of the low-grade thermal energy with gradient temperature, such as solar energy gained by a flat plate or evacuated tube solar collector. This also indicates that the TERC is an attractive alternative to the ejector refrigeration systems driven by low-grade thermal energy. Further experimental work for the TERC may be launched in the near future to verify practical applications.     

Numerical Simulation of the Performance of a Capillary Thermal Driven Ejector Refrigerator

A capillary driven ejector refrigerator is a new refrigeration system that can use solar energy and other low-grade heat sources. In this paper, the performance of the refrigeration system is simulated numerically by use of an iteration algorithm and block exchanging technology for all unit models. The flow and heat transfer characteristics in a solar collector, generator, ejector, condenser, and evaporator are analyzed and calculated. The results show that when the generating temperature is higher than 75–80°C and the environmental temperature is lower than 35°C, the system can work normally; the coefficient of performance of this refrigeration system is in the range of 0.05–0.15 by use of water as a refrigerant. The cooling capacity and COP increase with an increasing generative temperature and decreasing condensing pressure.     

新型平板式太阳能冷热联供装置

在积累了太阳固体吸附式制冷循环研究的基础上，与现有的平板式太阳热水器制造技术紧密结合，提出了平板式太阳冷热联供循环方式，并在实验室内成功地制作了实物样机。该装置能有效地回收太阳固体吸附式制冷不中吸附床的显热及吸附热，且操作简便。实验结果有效地支持了所提出的设想，为太阳固体吸附式制冷的实用化应用打下了良好基础。     

An exergy analysis of a solar-driven ejector refrigeration system

Exergy analysis is used as a tool to analyse the performance of an ejector refrigeration cycle driven by solar energy. The analysis is based on the following conditions: a solar radiation of 700 W/m², an evaporator temperature of 10 °C, a cooling capacity of 5 kW, butane as the refrigerant in the refrigeration cycle and ambient temperature of 30 °C as the reference temperature. Irreversibilities occur among components and depend on the operating temperatures. The most significant losses in the system are in the solar collector and the ejector. The latter decreases inversely proportional to the evaporation temperature and dominates the total losses within the system. The optimum generating temperature for a specific evaporation temperature is obtained when the total losses in the system are minimized. For the above operating conditions, the optimum generating temperature is about 80 °C.