覆冰四分裂导线舞动近似解析解分析

建立了带有刚性间隔棒的覆冰四分裂导线垂直、水平和扭转三自由度的耦合模型,并对由强非线性系统转化为弱非线性系统的方法进行了研究,运用平均法分析了非内共振、3∶1内共振和1∶1内共振时系统的振动情况,得到了风速、横向阻尼比、来流密度、线路档距等相关参数对导线舞动的影响及在不同参数影响情况下导线舞动的响应曲线,其近似解析解与数值解基本吻合。     

覆冰输电线路舞动气动阻尼识别

利用覆冰导线刚性节段模型外加弹簧及配重模拟覆冰输电线路竖向及扭转运动动力特性,制作了D形覆冰单导线、新月形覆冰单导线和分裂导线竖向-扭转二自由度气弹模型,通过调整模型竖向/扭转自振频率比及风速、风攻角,于风洞中激发了D形覆冰单导线气弹模型的纯竖向和竖扭耦合失稳舞动,以及新月形覆冰分裂导线气弹模型的竖扭耦合舞动,并记录了其响应时程,通过Hilbert变换进行了竖向舞动和扭转气动阻尼的识别,研究了风速、风攻角、竖扭频率比、覆冰断面、导线数量及布置形式对气动阻尼的影响。对D形覆冰导线纯竖向舞动时根据响应识别所得气动阻尼比与根据Den-Hartog机理计算所得理论气动阻尼比进行了比较。试验结果表明：舞动时气动阻尼比为负值,在试验风速范围内其绝对值随风速增长而增大;D形覆冰导线纯竖向舞动时识别所得气动阻尼比绝对值略小于理论气动阻尼比;导线分裂数量对气动阻尼具有影响;扭转响应对竖向舞动气动阻尼的影响则较为复杂。     

覆冰输电导线舞动及防舞效果分析

根据拉格朗日运动方程推导了两端固定的安装了压重或失谐摆这两种防舞器的覆冰输电导线舞动的非线性微分方程组;提出了临界风速的计算方法;采用龙格—库塔方法在时域中直接求解舞动非线性微分方程组得到舞动振幅的时间历程。以某试验导线作为算例,研究结果表明:当输电导线的扭转频率与横风向频率接近时扭转舞动可以激发横风向舞动;当风速位于某一范围之内时导线舞动的振幅比较大;导线舞动振幅随导线垂度显著变化,并存在一个最不利垂度或最不利张力使导线舞动振幅达到最大;压重防舞可以减小但不能消除导线的舞动,而失谐摆防舞器可以完全消除导线的舞动。     

高阶扭转模态耦合下覆冰导线的稳定性和影响因素分析

利用Galerkin法建立面内前四阶和扭转前四阶模态耦合的覆冰导线动力学模型。借助分岔理论分析各阶模态的失稳临界条件,研究导线系统在不同风速、扭转阻尼比、档距及初始拉力下各阶模态的失稳规律,并利用数值模拟对理论分析结果进行验证。研究结果表明：考虑了扭转前四阶模态的导线模型,其面内前四阶模态特征值实部随风速变化的响应曲线先后经历2次Hopf分岔,呈限幅振动;扭转阻尼比的增大扩大了面内模态的失稳风速区域;随着档距增大,面内模态的2个Hopf分岔点和扭转模态的一个Hopf分岔点分别左移,表明大档距时,扭转模态逐渐代替面内模态的舞动;初始拉力对面内模态的失稳区域影响显著,而对扭转模态的影响很小。以上结论可为工程中导线的优化设计提供理论依据。     

三维瞬态风场下覆冰导线舞动响应研究

为研究三维瞬态风场下输电线路舞动响应特性,以覆冰四分裂导线为例,根据三维随机流场生成方法和脉动风速功率谱,逐点模拟覆冰分裂导线周边的脉动风速场,并运用考虑子导线扭转效应的分裂导线舞动非线性有限元法对新月形和D形覆冰输电线路在均匀流场、一维脉动风速场和三维瞬态风场下进行舞动分析,比较了三类流场下导线舞动响应的异同之处,在此基础上讨论风场湍流成分对舞动的影响机制。研究结果表明:三维瞬态风场的脉动特性使得导线在一个振动周期内吸收的能量不再保持恒定,造成舞动响应始终伴随有一定程度的随机振动,舞动幅值无法最终达到稳定状态;同时,风场瞬态效应能提高覆冰导线舞动最大振幅,特别是D形覆冰下能使其提高一倍以上。三维瞬态风场的脉动特性在输电线路设计过程中应引起足够的关注。     

基于增量谐波平衡法的覆冰输电线舞动分析

覆冰输电线的舞动是一种非线性振动。应用增量谐波平衡法推导了覆冰输电线的有限元分析模型及运动平衡方程,并对舞动方程进行了求解。该方程具有非线性平方及立方刚度项、平方及立方粘滞阻尼项。把振动过程分解成为瞬态的持续增量振动过程,迭代求出舞动频率及振幅,求得方程解的表达式。结合实例分析了输电线舞动的极限环现象和谐波项数的取值问题,与时程积分方法分析结果比较表明吻合较好。对风速增量进行了参数分析推导,算例表明不同风速下覆冰输电线舞动频率与振幅是不同的,在某个临界风速处会发生舞动分岔。     

新月形覆冰八分裂导线舞动特征研究

通过风洞试验测量得到典型新月形覆冰八分裂导线各子导线的空气动力系数随风攻角的变化曲线。由于尾流干扰的作用,各覆冰子导线的气动特性存在明显差异。基于得到的覆冰导线的气动参数,利用ABAQUS有限元软件,模拟典型覆冰八分裂线路的舞动过程,分析得到不同档距线路在不同风速、初始风攻角以及导线初始张力等条件下的运动轨迹、振动频率、模式和幅值等舞动特征。所得结果对覆冰八分裂导线舞动特征的认识以及舞动防治技术的开发具有重要的价值。     

相邻档距作用下覆冰导线舞动的复杂运动响应

考虑相邻档距振动时所产生动张力对覆冰导线舞动的影响,综合几何非线性和气动载荷之非线性因素,基于Hamilton原理建立了附带边界条件的面内与轴向耦合的两自由度非线性动力学模型。忽略轴向运动的影响对系统进行简化并借助Galerkin法得到轴向激励下系统的常微分运动方程。通过计算相邻档距运动时产生的动张力确定轴向激励大小的基本范围,进而利用数值模拟考察了轴向激励频率和幅值对系统稳定性的影响。研究发现当轴向激励频率接近该跨导线的固有频率时,系统表现出倍周期、概周期和混沌等丰富的运动模式和动力学现象;并借助与单跨覆冰导线的数值模拟对比,表明相邻档距运动不仅导致该跨舞动幅值明显增大、临界风速下降、增大阻尼失效,且严重影响舞动的稳定性,为工程应用提供一定的理论支撑。     

覆冰导线动态气动力特性模拟与分析

为研究覆冰导线舞动时气动力的特性,从弱耦合角度出发,基于流体动力学仿真软件Fluent二次开发,利用用户自定义函数对导线的舞动轨迹进行编程并结合动网格技术实现流固耦合。计算了新月形覆冰导线在横向振动下的气动力系数,并与静态模拟结果和试验结果进行比较;分析了舞动幅值、频率和扭转振动对动态气动力的影响。结果表明：相同风速下,动态气动力系数大于静态值,二者具有相同的变化规律;阻力、升力系数随舞动幅值增大显著增加,特别是升力系数成倍增加;振动频率增加,也使动态气动力系数增大,但频率对动态气动力的影响小于幅值的影响;扭转振动对动态气动力有一定的影响。工程中采用静态气动力系数预测大档距舞动引起的断线的临界风速和塔承受的荷载,其结果不安全,应考虑动态气动力系数对舞动的影响。     

考虑弹性边界曲梁模型的覆冰输电线舞动分析

采用解析法求解覆冰输电线考虑弹性边界的曲梁舞动模型有助于深入理解舞动发生机理。根据扭转向频率特性将三自由度舞动模型简化成更加适用于解析法求解的两自由度舞动模型,然后利用多尺度法分别推导出了1∶1和2∶1内共振情况下的简化幅值方程。接着考察了自由度缩减方法差异引起的轴向模态函数变化和弹性边界对舞动分岔和稳定、舞动幅值和临界风速的影响。结果显示,轴向模态函数的变化对1∶1内共振情况下分岔和稳定、舞动幅值和临界风速的影响较小,对2∶1内共振情况下相应值影响较大。当考虑截面偏心时,1∶1内共振条件下,弹性边界使发生不稳定舞动的风速范围减小。覆冰导线在弹性边界条件下的位移幅值相应减小,下临界风速增大,上临界风速相应减小,舞动风速范围减小。     

环形调液阻尼器(CTLCD)对结构平移-扭转耦联振动控制的参数研究

研究在地震激励下,环形调液阻尼器(CTLCD)对结构扭转反应的振动控制作用。首先建立起环形调液阻尼器在地震作用下的运动方程,采用随机振动理论,导出了在地震作用下环形调液阻尼器振动控制的最优参数。对结构纯扭转的振动问题进行研究,分析了控制系统各参数对控制后结构等效阻尼比的影响。对结构扭转耦联的振动问题进行研究,分析了控制系统各参数对结构平移等效阻尼比和扭转等效阻尼比的影响。结果表明,环形调液阻尼器是一种有效的扭转振动控制装置。     

Effect of initial aqueous solution concentration and heating conditions on heat transfer characteristics of ice slurry

In this study, parameters affecting the heat transfer characteristics of ice slurry were investigated experimentally. The initial concentration of the ethanol solution from which the ice slurry was produced was varied as experimental parameter. Moreover, the heat flux at the test tube surface was varied as the experimental parameters, and the heat transfer coefficients measured. The effect of initial ethanol solution concentration and heating conditions on the heat transfer characteristics was not significant, and the Nusselt number can be expressed as a function of apparent Reynolds number, ice packing factor and ratio of average ice particle diameter to test tube diameter.     

基于传递矩阵法的分层饱和土中单桩扭转动力阻抗

以分层饱和土中单桩扭转振动为研究对象,将桩周土体视为分数阶黏弹性饱和土,借助分数阶黏弹性本构模型和土体运动平衡方程、应力位移关系建立分层分数阶黏弹性饱和土层扭转振动微分方程。以两层分数阶黏弹性饱和土为例,讨论主要桩土力学参数对扭转动力阻抗影响。结果表明：下上层土体本构模型阶数比对扭转动力阻抗随频率变化曲线峰值影响较大,下上层土体剪切波速比、土层厚度比和桩土模量比对扭转动力阻抗的影响与频率有关,下上层土体液固耦合系数较小时,其对扭转动力阻抗的影响很小。     

两自由度系统气弹响应特性研究

基于计算流体动力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)离散时间气动模型,计算了有无结构阻尼的薄平板在均匀流中分别受单自由度或两自由度(同时)初始位移激励下的系统气弹响应,分析了气弹位移及气动力时程特征及相互关系。研究表明:任意一个自由度的激励将激发起系统两个自由度方向的振动;低折算风速下,气动耦合项作用很小,气动力能对气弹系统产生气动正阻尼作用,且产生的竖弯气动阻尼大于扭转气动阻尼。研究还表明:系统任意一个自由度方向的气弹位移响应,以及升力或扭矩时程均有系统两个振动模态参与。气弹系统以某一系统频率发生的振动,是一个自由度方向的主运动和另一个自由度方向的耦合运动以一定的参与程度组合形成的牵连运动。     

Effect of initial aqueous solution concentration on rheological behavior of ice slurry

Ice slurry displays many advantages as a phase-change material because the latent heat of ice particles can be used and their heat exchange area is large. In this study, the effect of initial concentration on the rheological behavior of ice slurry was investigated experimentally. Ice slurry flowed upward and downward to keep it homogeneous in the tube, and pressure drop was measured to explain the rheological behavior of the ice slurry. The ice packing factor, Reynolds number, and initial aqueous solution concentration were varied as parameters. The ice slurry flow characteristics exhibit a pseudo-plastic fluid tendency for 5 and 10 wt% of the initial concentration. Ice slurry generated from 2 wt% ethanol solution behaves as a Newtonian fluid.     

A quantitative evaluation of the production performance of ice slurry by the oscillatory moving cooled wall method

Ice slurry has recently been utilized for a variety of engineering fields such as thermal energy storage and high-density energy transportation. In this paper, as a production method of ice slurry, the oscillatory rotating cooled tube method was proposed. A vertical cooled tube was installed in a test vessel that was filled with ethylene glycol solution being forced to move within an aqueous binary solution to produce the ice slurry. Production performance of ice slurry by the present method was determined under a variety of conditions, such as initial concentration of solution, angular acceleration and rotation angle for the oscillation motion of the cooled tube. The production performance was evaluated analytically by constructing a numerical model. The analysis was made to determine the separation condition of ice layer from the cooled tube surface at first, then the production rate of ice slurry was assessed. It was found from the present study that the ice slurry was produced continuously under the appropriate operating conditions in which the separation of ice layer was caused by oscillating motion of the cooled tube.     

Research of Plane Grinding under Combined Movement of X-Y Axis

There are many parameters which can influence plane grinding. It is a situation in high workload and poor realizability to find the optimization parameters of the grinding by using experimental method. Taking X-Y linkage plane grinding as the platform,influence of grinding quality with 4 factors including initial diameter of the abrasive,initial phase angle,lapping plate workpiece speed ratio and X-Y linkage workbench through simulation is studied. The results show that initial radius vector of the abrasive basically has not effect on grinding trace. When speed ratio between lapping plate with workpiece is decimal the grinding trace seems much better.The significant influence of grinding quality can made by straight and helical X-Y linkage motion on workbench.     

考虑尾流效应的新月形覆冰四分裂输电线舞动稳定性

针对新月形覆冰四分裂输电线各子导线气动参数不同的问题提出一种考虑尾流影响的临界风速计算方法.基于拟静态理论得到覆冰四分裂输电线的气动载荷,建立等效的3自由度覆冰四分裂输电线力学舞动模型.在初始风攻角处将气动系数泰勒展开.新月型覆冰四分裂导线的空气动力系数由风洞模拟试验测得.根据理论公式,使用MATLAB进行编程计算临界...     

Coupled bending–torsional dynamic stiffness matrix for axially loaded beam elements

Analytical expressions for the coupled bending–torsional dynamic stiffness matrix elements of an axially loaded uniform beam element are derived in an exact sense by solving the governing differential equations of motion of the beam. The influence of axial force on the coupled bending–torsional frequencies of a cantilever and hinged–hinged beam of thin-walled section is demonstrated by numerical results. Application of the developed theory includes coupled bending–torsional frequency and mode calculations of helicopter, turbine and propeller blades, plane and space frames, and grillages consisting of axially loaded beam elements with non-coincident mass centre and shear centre.