实行强制性政策 推进可再生能源规模化发展

国家试行可再生能源强制性市场份额政策，本文介绍其内涵及国外发展的一些经验和国内有关单位的研究情况。     

台湾的能源储备

台湾的能源储备朱成章国家电力工业部政策法规体制司为了减轻突发性能源供应短缺所造成的影响，并使国内产业在突发的情况下，能有较长的缓冲及调节时间，能源政策必须考虑能源储备。目前台湾有关各类能源储备，主要依据《能源管理施行细则》（１９８７年４月３日台湾经济...     

以创新意识强化能源统计

中华人民共和国节约能源法第二章第十九条：县级以上各级人民政府统计机构应当会同同级有关部门，做好能源消耗和利用状况统计工作……江苏林海动力机械集团公司国家林业局，年综合能耗３０００吨ｔｃｅ左右，是国家二级企业，一级计量、一级节能先进企业，从事摩托车发动...     

上海市能源生产和消费可持续发展的基本思路与建议

随着上海市经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,对能源供应的数量和质量都提出了更高的要求。但据有关部门统计,进入90年代后,在全市国民经济连续多年保持14％左右的年增长率的同时,能源消费总量也平均每年以6.4％的速度递增,1996年已达到4622万吨标准煤。尤其是一次能源中煤炭所占比重近几年来呈上升趋势,1990年为66％,1995年超过72％,且一直居高不下。     

新形势下我国能源可持续发展问题的思考

<正>1 我国能源资源及其利用现状我国的能源资源虽然丰富, 但按人口计算的可采储量远低于世界的平均水平据世界能源会议和其他有关资料,我国人均占有煤炭经济可采储量(101t)为世界平均量(222t)的46％;人均占有可开发水电量(1955kWh)为     

试论农村能源建设与全面建设小康社会

党的十六大提出了全面建设小康社会的战略目标。本文通过对农村能源建设的发展历程和新能源和可再生能源发展状况的介绍,指出了农村能源建设对全面建设小康社会的重要意义,并分析了农村能源建设中存在的主要问题,最后提出了有关建议。     

实行强制性政策推进可再生能源规模化发展

国家试行可再生能源强制性市场份额政策,本文介绍其内涵及国外发展的一些经验和国内有关单位的研究情况.     

能源和环境保护要同步发展

<正> 保护大气、防止气候变化是整个人类面临的共同挑战。作为矿物燃料生产、消费大国,我们深知自己的责任。我国成立了跨部门的“国家气候变化协调小组”,专门研究有关问题,并提出对策。我们还尽自己的力量,提高能效,植树造林,采取了全国性的切实有效的措施。     

2015年中国替代能源将达4300万t标准煤

中国有关国家部委组织制定的《2000-2015新能源与可再生能源产业发展规划要点》提出了具有导向性的产业发展战略目标：到2015年新能源和可再生能源年开发量达到4300万t标准煤，占中国当时能源消费总量的2％。有关人士说，随着技术的进步、生产规模的扩大、政策机制的不断完善，在今后15年左右的时间内，太阳热水器、风力发电和太阳能光伏发电、     

中国能源研究会"促进我国风力发电产业化"研讨会会议纪要

在中国能源研究会黄毅诚名誉理事长的倡议下．中国能源研究会于2006年12月18日至19日在北京举行了能源论坛—“促进我国风力发电产业化”研讨会。出席研讨会的有有关部委领导、能源专家、学者、能源企业集团、风电企业的代表107人。与会专家作了有关促进我国风力发电产业化的专题报告，会议代表还进行了热烈讨论，并得到共识．提出了不少有益的意见和建议。现纪要如下：     

The effects of different greenhouse covering materials on energy requirement,growth and yield of aubergine

Effects of UV stabilised polyethylene (UV+PE), IR absorbers polyethylene (IR+PE), double layers of polyethylene (D-Poly) and single layer of polyethylene (PE), as greenhouse covers, on aubergine growth, productivity and energy requirement were investigated in a late autumn season (2001). The late and final yields of plants grown in D-Poly houses were higher than those grown in UV+PE, IR+PE and PE. Light transmission was the highest in PE, intermediate in UV+PE and IR+PE, and the lowest in D-Poly houses. Relative humidity was the highest in D-Poly, intermediate in IR+PE and UV+PE, and the lowest in PE houses. The plants in D-Poly houses grew and developed faster (more leaves and flowers) than those in IR+PE, UV+PE and PE houses. Plant growth and development in UV+PE and IR+PE houses was similar. Economic analyses showed that aubergine production was economically viable in D-Poly, UV+PE and IR+PE houses. For aubergine production in climatic conditions similar to Black Sea Region, the D-Poly greenhouse is strongly recommended, because there was a higher productivity and a lower heating requirement in comparison to UV+PE, IR+PE and PE houses.     

Hydrogen in China: Policy,program and progress

The paper introduces the role of energy in China economy context, criteria for sustainable development in energy sector, China's hydrogen vision, the role of hydrogen in China's R&D plan, recently launched national programs, and progresses and achievements in research, development and demonstration. The paper concludes that with fast economy development in the new era in China, the energy sector has been confronted with severe challenges in terms of supply security, environment pollution and greenhouse gas emission, and China has attached significant priority on research and development in hydrogen and fuel cell areas, as one of effective counter-measures to address these challenges. Transition to the hydrogen economy in China, a long-term, non-carbon energy solution, is believed to play a significant role, complementary to electricity, in the future sustainable energy system. It is recommended that more priority be attached for R&D in secondary industry, especially the utilization of hydrogen and fuel cell in stationary power generation from coal gasification.     

藏北高原典型草甸下垫面与HEIFE沙漠区辐射平衡气候学特征对比分析

利用中日合作“全球能量与水分平衡试验一青藏高原季风试验(GAME—Tibet)”和中日合作“黑河地区地一气相互作用野外观测实验研究(HEIFE)”IOP、FOP资料,计算分析了藏北高原典型草甸下垫面安多站和HEIFE沙漠站的辐射平衡各相关特征量时频变化的气候学特征。结果表明：无论是高原安多站还是黑河沙漠站,夏季均出现超太阳常数现象(只是安多更为明显);总辐射、大气逆辐射、地表长波辐射、地表有效辐射和地表辐射平衡等的日变化(晴天)无论是安多站还是沙漠站均表现为早晚出现最小值而正午附近(地方时)达到最大值,而地表反照率的日变化(晴天)相反表现为早晚大而正午附近小的规律;上述各分量均表现有程度不等的季节变化规律：总辐射、大气逆辐射、地表长波辐射和地表辐射平衡均表现为夏半年增大达到最大值百而冬半年降低量出现最小值;另外,大气长波辐射、地表有效辐射和地表反照率在沙漠站的年际变化的振幅较安多站更为显著和有规律。     

Exploration of the land potential for the production of biomass for energy in the Netherlands

The energy potential for energy crops and biomass residues in the Netherlands is assessed. The analysis explores the possible use of land for biomass production in the future. Various government memorandums and analyses of the expected future land use in various sectors have served as the basis for the assessment of the supply of and the demand for land in the future. In this study the potential supply of agricultural land is based on expected productivity increments in agriculture and assumptions with respect to the future demand for agricultural products. Various future claims for infrastructure, forestry, urban areas and nature are subtracted from the expected supply. The net projected supply of land ranges from zero to 52 000 ha in 2000 to 110 000-250 000 ha in 2015. The supply of agricultural land depends however on a number of supra-national factors, such as the European agricultural policy, world market developments and the agricultural production in the countries in Eastern Europe. Uncertainties remain, therefore, and the projected supply of agricultural land should be considered as a possible scenario based on current trends. If the calculated land potential is used for energy crops like miscanthus and short rotation coppice, this land could contribute 0-10 PJ in 2000 and 27-59 PJ in 2015. Secondary biomass yields, such as those from forestry, agricultural residues, wood from prunings, etc., could contribute a further 34 PJ in 2000, decreasing to approximately 28 PJ in 2015. Taken together these potentials could satisfy 1-1.5% of the energy requirements of the Netherlands in 2000 and 1.5-2.5% in 2015, provided that energy farming is an economically feasible activity for farmers.     

亚澳地区油气形势及对我国的影响

亚澳地区天然气的资源潜力大于石油。石油储、产量分别仅占世界的0.9%和3.8%,且近年来呈下降趋势;石油消费量占世界的4.9%,且呈上升趋势。而天然气储、产量分别占世界的4.4%和4.8%。曾是重要石油输出国的印尼、澳大利亚已成为原油净进口国,曾大量输出原油的越南也将变成原油进口国,区内总体的原油进口量将日趋增大。新加坡是区内最大的原油进口国,但同时出口大量油品,出口对象是区内其他国家和东北亚。亚澳地区天然气的出口以LNG方式为主,澳大利亚、印尼、马来西亚、文莱是主要出口国,其出口量将大幅增长,主要输往东北亚的日、韩、中国大陆和台湾省以及区内其他国家。中国与这一邻区有着非常密切的经济关系,亚澳地区油气形势的变化对我国油气进出口将产生相当大的影响。中国从亚澳地区进口的原油将进一步减少,但油品互补贸易仍将居重要地位,LNG的进口会有大幅增长。     

Introduction to the Asian Energy Security project: Project organization and methodologies

The spectacular recent economic growth in the Asia-Pacific region in general, and in many of the economies of Northeast Asia in particular, has spurred a vast expansion in the need for energy services, and an expansion in the demand for the fuels that help to supply these services. Future projections suggest that the growth of fossil fuel use in Northeast Asia, especially in China, will have major consequences for financial and fuel markets and pollution both regionally and globally. Before the project described in this paper was initiated, there was no ongoing forum for energy experts from all of the countries of the region to meet, informally and in an unofficial capacity, to discuss openly and in a targeted fashion the energy situations in their countries, and to work together to evaluate the energy efficiency costs and benefits of different ways of meeting regional demand. The Asian Energy Security (AES) project provides such a forum, and as such constitutes a unique resource in the engagement of the countries of Northeast Asia on the topic of energy security.     

梅山矿区煤中微量元素分布规律和赋存状态分析

对梅山矿区煤灰的化学成分、微量元素分布及煤灰的岩石学特征等进行了详细研究,并讨论了微量元素与三态硫、挥发分的相关性.研究结果表明,梅山矿区煤为中低磷煤,煤中U元素的含量低于地壳中的平均含量,煤中Ge和Ga的含量略高于地壳中的平均含量.煤中微量元素的赋存状态对煤炭的加工利用和燃烧工艺起着重要作用,并能为其成因提供相关地质...     

Causal links between renewable energy,environmental degradation and economic growth in selected SAARC countries: Progress towards green economy

The objective of the study is to investigate the short-run and long-run causality relationship among energy (electricity production from renewable sources), carbon dioxide emissions, natural resource depletion, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and poverty in selected SAARC countries, namely, Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, over a period of 1975–2010. The results show that there is bidirectional Granger causality between carbon dioxide emissions & natural resource depletion in Nepal and between energy production & poverty in Pakistan. For the other three countries, the Granger causality runs from energy production to poverty in Bangladesh and India, and from poverty to energy production in Sri Lanka. The results of panel group Fully Modified OLS (FMOLS) indicates that GDP and poverty has a positive impact while carbon dioxide emission has a negative impact on energy production. Similarly, an increase in energy production leads to decrease in carbon emissions, where as, natural resource depletion increase carbon emissions in selected SAARC countries. Subsequently, an increase in energy production leads to increase in GDP which further increase carbon dioxide emission in SAARC region.     

基于相对湿润度指数的贵州省近十年干旱特征分析

为分析贵州省干旱分布特征,基于贵州省均匀分布的30个气象站点2010～2019年的逐日气象数据,以相对湿润度指数为干旱监测指标,利用反距离权重插值分析及相关分析研究贵州省近10年的干旱特征.结果 表明,贵州省不同月份的干旱强度和干旱发生范围有所不同,且总体上呈干旱等级越高,干旱范围越小的态势.不同时间尺度的干旱强度和干...     

Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

Additives such as fillers, cross‐linkers, and plasticizers have become increasingly important in the polymer nanocomposite production field, especially for enhancing the structural morphology, functional behavior, and final performance of nanocomposites in broad applications. The current work is an overview of the effects of additive substances such as fillers, cross‐linkers, and plasticizers in the polymer electrolyte membrane composites applied to fuel cells. A comparative review is conducted by categorizing fillers into several types, and the most popular cross‐linkers and plasticizers used in fuel cell membranes are included in this review. The highlighted properties include the proton conductivity, permeability, mechanical properties, thermal properties, crystallinity, and structure of additive‐modified nanocomposites. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects in the additive field are discussed in Section 5.0. This review can provide a reference for researchers seeking specific substances that can be used to enhance nanocomposite properties, especially in membrane fuel cell applications.