氩气流量、渣系和加Al粉对1Cr21Ni5Ti钢保护气氛重熔锭[Ti]的影响

生产试验了氩气流量（15~45 L/min）,三元（/%:63CaF₂,27Al₂O₃,10CaO）、四元（/%:53CaF₂,22Al₂O₃,20CaO,5MgO）和五元（/%:50CaF₂,22Al₂O₃,20CaO,5MgO,3TiO₂）渣系和重熔过程加Al粉对3 t保护气氛重熔1Cr21Ni5Ti钢锭[/%:0.09~0.14C,≤0.80Mn,≤0.80Si,≤0.025S,≤0.035P,4.8~5.8Ni,20~22Cr,5×（C-0.02~ 0.65Ti]中[Ti]的影响。结果表明,增加氩气流量,采用五元渣系和重熔过程均匀加入Al粉可使重熔锭平均钛的烧损△[Ti]≤0.15%。采用优化工艺在6 t保护气氛电渣炉,填充比0.58,电流12 500~13 500 A,电压40~43 V,,氩气流量30 L/min,重熔1Cr21Ni5Ti钢的结果表明,电渣锭成分稳定,C含量0.090%~0.091%;Ti含量0.46%~0.52%。      

电渣重熔30CrMnMoTiA钢钛含量烧损浅析

通过采用保护气氛电渣炉与常规电渣炉冶炼含钛合结钢30Cr Mn Mo Ti A的对比试验,其结果表明:使用保护气氛电渣炉冶炼的电渣钢锭[Ti]烧损少且分布均匀,从中总结出两种电渣炉电渣重熔30Cr Mn Mo Ti A钢[Ti]的烧损规律。     

电渣重熔轴承钢中的硅元素烧损的控制

以G20Cr2Ni4A轴承钢为研究对象,根据现场生产数据,对不同电极氧质量分数下的硅烧损、渣中不同SiO2质量分数下的硅烧损以及不同氩气流量下的硅烧损率进行了统计分析,研究了电渣重熔中不同保护气氛下以及不同工艺下对电渣锭硅质量分数的影响。结果表明：保护气氛电渣炉生产的电渣锭硅烧损小且成分均匀,当氧质量分数控制到0.001%下时,硅不易烧损;当采用非保护气氛冶炼G20Cr2Ni4A钢时,渣系中的SiO2质量分数在2%时能够保证硅的波动比较小,当采用保护气氛冶炼时,渣系中的SiO2质量分数在1%时对硅的控制效果良好;采用非保护气氛电渣炉,由于渣- 气界面传氧以及电极氧化增重的不断变化,硅的烧损也呈增大趋势。针对于厂内30 t保护气氛电渣炉,氩气流量增加到50 L/min时,生产的电渣锭成分均匀,经济性良好。     

惰性气体保护5 t电渣炉重熔铁路用G20CrNi2MoA渗碳轴承钢

试验和分析了全封闭气罩氩气保护电渣重熔与常规大气下电渣重熔铁路用G20CrNi2MoA渗碳轴承钢(/%:0.19C、0.49Cr、1.75Ni、0.23Mo、0.071Al)的冶金效果。结果表明,氩气保护电渣重熔锭Si和Mn的烧损量(3%～12%和4%～10%)低于常规电渣重熔锭Si和Mn的烧损量(15%～18%和7%～10%);当G20CrNi2MoA钢电极的氧含量为10×10^-6时,氩气保护电渣锭的氧含量(15×10^-6)低于常规电渣锭的氧含量(21.3×10^-6);氩气保护电渣锭的冶金质量明显优于未经气体保护的常规电渣锭。     

1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢1.2 t锭电渣重熔过程[Ti]烧损控制的实践

统计分析了1Cr18Ni9Ti钢1.2 t锭电渣重熔过程母材中的Ti含量-[Ti](0.586%～0.839%Ti)、渣中TiO₂含量(2.1%～4.8%TiO₂)和填充比(0.2～0.4)对[Ti]平均烧损值的影响。结果得出,电渣重熔过程电渣锭下部[Ti]的烧损较上部严重;随母材[Ti]的提高,电渣锭中平均烧损[Ti]降低;随渣中TiO₂含量-(TiO₂)提高,电渣锭下部[Ti]的平均烧损β值增加,而电渣锭上部β值没有明显变化,(TiO₂)不宜超过2%;提高填充比有利于抑制[Ti]烧损。     

氩气保护对低合金钢电渣重熔锭质量的影响

试验了15kg电渣炉在CaF₂-Al₂O₃-CaO-SiO₂渣系下,氩气流量25L/min的全氩气保护和大气重熔低合金钢(电极含0.030%[Als]、0.29%[Si]、20×10^-6 T[O])Al、Si的烧损和夹杂物的变化。结果表明,大气重熔时,电渣锭T[O]增加至36×10^-6, [Als]、[Si]分别降至0.011%和0.17%;氩气保护重熔时,电渣锭T[O]为24×10^-6,[Als]、[Si]分别为0.024%和0.28%;与大气重熔相比,氩气保护重熔锭中夹杂物尺寸小,分布均匀、弥散。     

氩气保护对电渣重熔气阀钢NCF3015铝钛烧损的影响

气阀钢NCF3015 Φ280 mm×1700 mm电极（/%:0.03～0.08C,13.5～15.5Cr,30～33.5Ni,1.7～2.1Al,2.4～2.9Ti,0.65～0.80Mo,0.65～0.80Nb,0.002～0.006B）经全同轴式惰性气体保护电渣重熔成Φ340 mm0.80 t电渣锭。在使用三元预熔渣70CaF₂-15Al₂O₃-15CaO以熔速为4 kg/min的全氩气保护条件下,试验了气阀钢NCF3015电渣过程中Al、Ti烧损的烧损量及Si的变化情况和脱S率,并阐述了机理。结果表明,Al相对Ti是主要的烧损元素,Al的平均烧损量为-0.071%,Ti的平均烧损量为-0.035%。从底部至顶部Al,Ti的烧损都逐渐减小,与常规电渣重熔烧损率相比,氩气保护对减小Al,Ti的烧损作用显著。Al、Ti的烧损导致重熔初期Si含量略增。该渣系有一定的脱硫效果,平均脱S率36.7%。     

825合金抽锭式快速电渣重熔锭表面质量和Ti烧损的控制

825高温合金325 mm×280 mm电极(/%:〈0.01C,0.21Si,0.40Mn,0.020P,0.003S,22.5Cr,39.1Ni,3.0Mo,2.1Cu,1.17Ti,0.17Al)经气体保护抽锭式快速电渣重熔成160 mm×160mm 1.8t电渣锭。试验研究了CaF_2-CaO-Al_2O_3基础渣加TiO_2,TiO_2-MgO或TiO_2-SiO_2以及熔速(300~500 kg/h)对825合金重熔锭表面质量和Ti烧损的影响。结果表明,渣中含少量SiO_2的CaF_2-CaO-Al_2O_3-TiO_2-SiO_2五元渣系,重熔速率为400 kg/h时,可以明显改善825合金电渣锭的表面质量,同时可以抑制Ti的烧损。     

Incoloy825合金280mm×325mm电渣重熔坯抽锭工业试验

试验了Incoloy825合金电极(/%:0.01C,0.21Si,0.41Mn,0.007S,0.019P,22.33Cr,39.08Ni,3.04Mo,2.14Cu,1.17Ti,0.17A1)由3t中频炉+3t AOD冶炼,并经抽锭电渣重熔成280mm×325 mm坯(/%:0.01C,0.21~0.23Si,0.40Mn,0.005S,0.023~0.024P,22.48~22.50Cr,39.10~39.13Ni,3.05~3.07Mo,2.14~2.15Cu,1.00~1.10Ti,0.15~0.18Al)。试验表明,Incoloy825合金方坯抽锭电渣重熔过程中,由于Ti烧损,渣中TiO_2含量不断增加,熔渣的粘度也不断上升,导致钢渣不易分离。通过改进抽锭电渣重熔渣系配比,采用(/%)57CaF_2,15CaO,5MgO,15Al_2O_3,5SiO_2,3TiO_2渣系以及控制电极熔化速度680kg/h,重熔过程加0.43kg/t铝粒以控制Ti烧损,使Incoloy825合金铸坯表面质量明显改善。     

浅谈2Cr18Ni11Ti钢电渣重熔过程[Ti]的烧损

分析了电渣重熔2Cr18Ni11Ti过程中[Ti]的烧损机理与影响[Ti]烧损的因素,提出了根据自耗电极[Ti]含量灵活制定相应的电渣重熔工艺。     

Regional differences in suicide in Hungary in the light of registered cases of depression

Author made a revision on the theory published by Rihmer and alii in the year 1989. According to this theory the marked regional differences of suicide in Hungary are caused by the different discovery of the "endogen depression" (rate of diagnosed depression). So the lower is the diagnosis of depression the higher is the suicide rate in a given territory. They have seen a negative correlation between the number of working physicians and the suicide rates. Author made a reexamination on a correct database between 1985-1994. He has also made a study using the DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria in four counties of Hungary. His results deny the theory above mentioned. The rank-correlation of the number of GP and the suicide rates in Hungary in years 1985-1994 did not show correlation. So the underdiagnosis of the depressive disorders and the different number of GP are not the cause of the regional differences of suicide in Hungary.     

Role of clozapine in the occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities in human bone-marrow cells in vivo and in cultured lymphocytes in vitro

Bone-marrow chromosomes were examined from 38 mentally and physically retarded and two psychiatric patients who were being treated with a variety of neuropharmacologic drugs. Twenty of these patients used clozapine (Leponex). The clastogenic effects of clozapine in vitro were studied in the lymphocyte cultures of three patients--one free of hematologic disease and two who 6 months earlier had had agranulocytosis attributed to the use of clozapine. The mean frequency of cytogenetic abnormalities in the bone-marrow cells of patients who used clozapine was significantly increased (P less than 0.05). The two patients who had had agranulocytosis had a greater frequency of cytogenetic abnormalities in their cultured lymphocytes in vivo and in vitro than the patient free of hematologic disease. A clone with a 13/14 chromosome translocation was detected in one of the patients. As all patients received a number of drugs during the in vivo and in vitro studies no definite conclusions could be drawn regarding the role played by clozapine in the occurrence of chromosomal abnormalities.     

Difference in changes of plasma volume in two types of Goldblatt hypertension in rabbits

High plasma renin concentration (PRC) and hematocrit (Ht) were observed in hypertensive rabbits with one renal artery clipped and an intact opposite kidney (Group A), while rather low PRC and Ht in hypertensive ones with one renal artery clipped and the opposite kidney removed (Group B). Plasma volume (PV), blood volume (BV), and packed cell volume (PCV) were estimated in these two types of hypertensive rabbits, and also in sham-operated rabbits (Group C). In Group A, 4 weeks after clipping of a renal artery, PV was decreased and significant inverse correlations were observed between PV and the elevation of blood pressure and between PV and PRC. A significant correlation between PRC and the elevation of blood pressure was also found 4 and 12 weeks after the clipping. PCV was increased until 12 weeks after clipping. In Group B, PV was increased 1 and 4 weeks after clipping, then returned to the initial level. Ht was decreased 1 and 12 weeks, and PCV was decreased 12 weeks after clipping. These results would indicate that a high Ht seen in Group A was partly due to the decreased PV and partly due to the increased PCV, while, in Group B, a low Ht in early stage might be mainly due to the increased PV, but in the late stage, a decreased PCV appeared to play a role to lower Ht. PRC seems to be affected differently by PV in these two types of hypertension.     

Inhibitory effect of suramin in rat models of angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo

The aim of the present study was to test the ability of the chemotherapeutic agent suramin to inhibit angiogenesis in experimental models in vitro and in vivo. In the culture of rat aortic rings on fibronectin, suramin dose-dependently inhibited vascular cell growth, achieving the maximal effect (mean - 88% versus controls, P < 0.05) at 400 microg/ml. Image analysis showed that suramin could inhibit microvessel sprouting in fibrin from rat aortic rings as evaluated by the ratio between the cellular area and the mean gray value of the sample (sprouting index); suramin at 50 microg/ml significantly reduced the sprouting index from the control value of 0.35+/-0.04 to 0.14+/-0.02 mm2/gray level (P < 0.05). Likewise, the area occupied by cells was 19.2+/-1.8 mm2 as compared with 41.8+/-4.2 mm2 in controls (P < 0.05). In the rat model of neovascularization induced in the cornea by chemical injury, suramin at 1.6 mg/eye per day reduced the length of blood vessels (0.7+/-0.1 mm as compared with 1.5+/-0.1 mm in controls, P < 0.05). In the same model the ratio between the area of blood vessels and the total area of the cornea (area fraction score) was decreased by suramin from 0.19+/-0.02 in controls to 0.03+/-0.003 (P < 0.05). Suramin given i.p. at 30 mg/ kg per day markedly inhibited the neovascularization induced in the rat mesentery by compound 48/80 or conditioned medium from cells secreting the angiogenic protein fibroblast growth factor-3 (FGF-3). The area fraction score in control rats treated with compound 48/80 was 0.31+/-0.03, and this was reduced to 0.07+/-0.01 by suramin (P < 0.05). After i.p. administration of FGF-3 the area fraction score was reduced by suramin from 0.29+/-0.03 to 0.05+/-0.01 (P < 0.05). These results provide evidence that suramin exerts inhibitory effects on angiogenesis in both in vitro and in vivo models.     

CS1000在天铁烧结生产过程控制中的应用

结合天津铁厂烧结分厂二烧车间烧结过程控制的具体情况,介绍了分散型控制系统在烧结生产上的应用以及数据网上发布的一种方法。     

Epidemiology of trichinellosis in lynx in Finland

To examine the possibility of cytokine gene therapy in relation to pancreatic cancer, we evaluated the antitumor effect of human pancreatic carcinoma cells (AsPC-1) which were retrovirally-transduced with several kinds of cytokine genes. These cells were inoculated into BALB/c nude mice and their tumor volumes were assessed. The in vitro growth rate of the transduced cells was not different from that of a parental cell line. Among the transduced cells, human interleukin (IL)-6-transduced AsPC-1 and mouse granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor-transduced AsPC-1 cells showed a significant retardation of tumor growth compared with a parental cell line. In the cases of AsPC-1 cells transduced with the human IL-2 or mouse IL-4 gene, small tumors were generated but thereafter they regressed completely. Histological examinations showed monocytic cell infiltration around the tumors of IL-2- or IL-4-producing cells. These data suggest that secretion of IL-2 or IL-4 from tumor cells can induce an antitumor effect even in the defective condition of mature T cells.     

Efficacy of lomefloxacin in treatment of nonspecific inflammatory diseases and in prophylaxis of postoperative complications in urology

Clinical and bacteriological efficacies of lomefloxacin and ofloxacin were comparatively estimated in the treatment of 104 urologic patients with nonspecific inflammatory diseases and in 36 urologic patients for prophylaxis of inflammatory complications after surgical interventions. The majority of the urinary tract pathogens i.e. Enterobacteriaceae spp. and gramnegative nonfermenting bacteria were highly susceptible to both the fluoroquinolones. The clinical and bacteriological efficacies of lomefloxacin amounted to 94.4 and 80.7 per cent and those of ofloxacin to 92 and 79.2 per cent respectively. The prophylactic use of lomefloxacin and ofloxacin was efficient in 94.7 and 94.1 per cent of the cases respectively. The antibacterial prophylaxis in urologic patients should be applied not only at the period of surgical interventions but also during the early postoperative period.