全尺寸封堵漏失地层新技术：自匹配绒囊封堵

为了在作业过程中有效封堵漏失层,研发了全尺寸自匹配绒囊封堵技术。自匹配绒囊工作液由发泡剂、稳泡剂、聚合物处理剂配制而成,起主要封堵作用的绒囊是由气核、表面张力降低膜、高黏水层、高黏水层固定膜、水溶性改善膜、聚合物高分子和表面活性剂的浓度过渡层组成的一种新型封堵材料。作业过程中,绒囊根据地层孔隙或裂缝的大小产生变形或改变性能,最大限度地占据储集层储渗空间或形成黏膜层,有效封堵大小不同的渗流通道。室内堵漏实验及现场钻井、完井、修井应用表明,绒囊工作液能够封堵不同类型的漏失地层,不需要考虑级配问题,承压能力强,适用范围广,使用时按常规水基工作液配制维护,且具有不影响其他作业的优点。图5表1参19     

液氮磨料射流破碎高温花岗岩机理

液氮磨料射流是一种高效的破碎干热岩方式。为进一步探究其破岩机理,开展液氮磨料射流喷射高温花岗岩室内实验。从宏观角度分析岩石破碎形式、射流孔眼形态及表面特征,从微观角度分析断裂面形貌和微裂缝分布等,探究液氮磨料射流破碎高温岩石特征。同时,开展磨料水射流和氮气磨料射流破岩实验作为对照。实验结果表明,液氮磨料射流形成的孔眼形状不规则,表面凹凸不平,且破碎体积明显大于磨料水射流和氮气磨料射流。扫描电镜实验显示,低温、冲击载荷作用下,在孔眼壁面和孔眼附近区域生成大量微裂缝,其主要断裂方式为拉伸、剪切作用下岩石的脆性断裂,表现为穿晶断裂和沿晶断裂。理论分析和数值模拟研究表明,液氮低温作用对岩石造成损伤,而热应力、磨料冲击载荷和流体水楔作用在损伤岩石基础上主要以剪切和拉伸两种方式破碎岩石。     

Raising reliability of ball cocks using reinforced seats

Results of work on introduction of ball cock seats from heat-expanded graphite (HEG) reinforced with a brass netting are described. The parameters of leaking of locks of ball cocks with reinforced seats and of ball cocks with HEG seats are compared. It is noted that reinforced seats increase reliability and life of ball cocks of gas pumping units.     

Power determination for small-volume rotary disintegrator-mixers used for the treatment of liquid media

It is noted that simple and reliable mechanization is required for continuity of a production process involving the treatment of liquid media, and regulation of their mixing parameters over a broad range. It is demonstrated that a production mixture with required properties can be obtained with a minimum of energy expenditures when rotary mixers are used. A small-volume unit with working elements in the form of perforated disks — rotary disintegrator-mixer — is described. As a result of this structural layout, the unit satisfies requirements set forth for modern production mixing equipment. Since the power consumed by the unit is a basic parameter characterizing the treatment effectiveness of production media, a relationship is derived for determination of the given amount and structural parameters, depending on the properties of the mixture being treated. Comparison of experimental and theoretical data enable us to conclude that the proposed model adequately describes actual processes.     

Direct catalytic oxidation of lower alkanes in ionic liquid media

Immobilization of rhodium (palladium)-copper-chloride catalytic systems in ionic liquids as high-boiling-point solvents affects the distribution of propane oxidation products: the acetone yield increases and the yield of alcohols decreases. Propane is oxidized to acetone, bypassing the isopropanol formation step. Methane is oxidized under more severe conditions than propane, giving methyl trifluoroacetate as the main product. Mechanisms of action of the catalytic systems based on rhodium and palladium are close to each other and likely include oxo or peroxo complexes as intermediates.     

离子液体用于甲烷直接转化的研究

合成了5种酸性离子液体,以PdCl2为催化剂、K2S2O8为氧化剂、离子液体、三氟乙酸(TFA)和三氟乙酸酐(TFAA)为介质作为甲烷直接转化体系。讨论了离子液体对甲烷转化率的影响,并考察了离子液体在甲烷直接转化过程中的稳定性。利用GC、GC-MS和FTIR等仪器对反应产物进行分析。研究结果表明:离子液体[mim]+HSO4-在甲烷转化体系中能够稳定存在,并可以提高催化剂PdCl2的活性,二者能够起到一定的协同作用共同促进甲烷转化。     

Characteristics of viscous flow of liquid media with resins and asphaltenes

The extensive utilization of deposits of highly viscous crude oils is stimulating a wider investigation of the physicochemical processes involving macromolecular resins and asphaltenes (RA). The reliability of operation of turbolines in pumping crude oils with a high solid point is determined to a significant degree by the possibility of controlling the flow of liquid colloidal systems whose disperse phase is primarily represented by asphaltenes. However, there is no sufficiently complete information on cross-linking mechanisms involving molecules of RA and the degree of the effect of the structures formed on the rheology of the liquids for such control. We used viscometry to investigate the characteristics of association and dispersion of RA in relatively simple model liquid media. The effect of the concentration composition of liquid media were previously primarily investigated in such studies [1 – 3]. The step for changing the temperature was too high: 10°C and higher, to determine any thermal characteristics of viscous flow. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 32 – 34, November – December, 1999.     

高研磨性硬地层钻井提速技术

川东北陆相自流井组和须家河组地层岩性致密、研磨性强,机械钻速低、钻头消耗量大,是制约该区域钻井提速的关键层段。为实现提速,各种新型井下工具得到了试验应用,但效果参差不齐。通过计算分层段岩石可钻性,推荐自流井组至须家河组采用孕镶金刚石钻头提高破岩效率;为降低硬地层和软硬交互层段钻头失效导致的钻速低问题,开展了三开井段典型钻具组合扭转和纵向振动理论分析,提出东岳庙段以浅地层采用扭力冲击器配合PDC钻头降低黏滑,珍珠冲段含砾岩层段需使用减震工具或改变钻具组合降低纵振,砂泥岩互层段需推广使用双向减震器或水力加压器降低纵振;采用高速螺杆+孕镶金刚石钻头的复合钻进,提高自流井组至须家河组大井眼定向速度。5口井现场实施后,机械钻速成倍增加、钻头新度提高30%,须家河组?311.2 mm井眼定向速度提高1.32倍。