Power determination for small-volume rotary disintegrator-mixers used for the treatment of liquid media

It is noted that simple and reliable mechanization is required for continuity of a production process involving the treatment of liquid media, and regulation of their mixing parameters over a broad range. It is demonstrated that a production mixture with required properties can be obtained with a minimum of energy expenditures when rotary mixers are used. A small-volume unit with working elements in the form of perforated disks — rotary disintegrator-mixer — is described. As a result of this structural layout, the unit satisfies requirements set forth for modern production mixing equipment. Since the power consumed by the unit is a basic parameter characterizing the treatment effectiveness of production media, a relationship is derived for determination of the given amount and structural parameters, depending on the properties of the mixture being treated. Comparison of experimental and theoretical data enable us to conclude that the proposed model adequately describes actual processes.     

Raising reliability of ball cocks using reinforced seats

Results of work on introduction of ball cock seats from heat-expanded graphite (HEG) reinforced with a brass netting are described. The parameters of leaking of locks of ball cocks with reinforced seats and of ball cocks with HEG seats are compared. It is noted that reinforced seats increase reliability and life of ball cocks of gas pumping units.     

Direct catalytic oxidation of lower alkanes in ionic liquid media

Immobilization of rhodium (palladium)-copper-chloride catalytic systems in ionic liquids as high-boiling-point solvents affects the distribution of propane oxidation products: the acetone yield increases and the yield of alcohols decreases. Propane is oxidized to acetone, bypassing the isopropanol formation step. Methane is oxidized under more severe conditions than propane, giving methyl trifluoroacetate as the main product. Mechanisms of action of the catalytic systems based on rhodium and palladium are close to each other and likely include oxo or peroxo complexes as intermediates.     

离子液体用于甲烷直接转化的研究

合成了5种酸性离子液体,以PdCl2为催化剂、K2S2O8为氧化剂、离子液体、三氟乙酸(TFA)和三氟乙酸酐(TFAA)为介质作为甲烷直接转化体系。讨论了离子液体对甲烷转化率的影响,并考察了离子液体在甲烷直接转化过程中的稳定性。利用GC、GC-MS和FTIR等仪器对反应产物进行分析。研究结果表明:离子液体[mim]+HSO4-在甲烷转化体系中能够稳定存在,并可以提高催化剂PdCl2的活性,二者能够起到一定的协同作用共同促进甲烷转化。     

Characteristics of viscous flow of liquid media with resins and asphaltenes

The extensive utilization of deposits of highly viscous crude oils is stimulating a wider investigation of the physicochemical processes involving macromolecular resins and asphaltenes (RA). The reliability of operation of turbolines in pumping crude oils with a high solid point is determined to a significant degree by the possibility of controlling the flow of liquid colloidal systems whose disperse phase is primarily represented by asphaltenes. However, there is no sufficiently complete information on cross-linking mechanisms involving molecules of RA and the degree of the effect of the structures formed on the rheology of the liquids for such control. We used viscometry to investigate the characteristics of association and dispersion of RA in relatively simple model liquid media. The effect of the concentration composition of liquid media were previously primarily investigated in such studies [1 – 3]. The step for changing the temperature was too high: 10°C and higher, to determine any thermal characteristics of viscous flow. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 32 – 34, November – December, 1999.     

浮球金属链消电装置

油品在输送过程中因与管道、过滤器和管道内各流层之间相互摩擦，以及在装卸过程中分离冲刷等而带上电荷。为防止储油罐内油品带电所引发的事故，人们曾研制出多种消电方法，如接地法、添加抗静电剂、设消静电器等，但这些方法都存在着一些弊端，不利于推广。人们在以前这些方法的基础上，研制出一种新的消静电方法──浮球金属链法。文章分析了储油罐内油品带电的状况，简单介绍了油品产生静电的机理，给出了浮球金属铸消静电装置和对油品中静电进行测试的系统以及测试效果。测试数据表明，浮球金属链法可完全消除油品中的静电，且装置简单，容易制造。     

高研磨性火山岩地层岩石可钻性计算

火山岩地层研磨性强,钻井过程中钻头磨损严重,钻头磨损变钝将会导致机械钻速的显著降低;通用钻速方程计算地层岩石可钻性级值的方法,没有考虑钻头磨损对机械钻速的影响,计算所得的地层可钻性级值偏高。通过建立高研磨性地层机械钻速与牙齿磨损量之间的关系模型,对通用钻速方程进行了修正。计算结果表明:钻头使用较长时间时,考虑钻头磨损和不考虑钻头磨损计算所得的可钻性级值存在较大差别,在高研磨性火山岩地层中,考虑钻头磨损所计算出的地层可钻性级值更为真实准确。     

Selection of structural parameters for a cylindrical hydrocyclone for degassing of heterogenous liquid media based on results of numerical modeling

Recommendations for optimization of structural parameters of a cylindrical hydrocyclone used to degas heterogeneous liquid media possessing non-Newtonian properties are set forth on the basis of results of numerical modeling. The mathematical degassing model takes into account the effect of inertial and Coriolis forces, and the associated liquid mass during the movement of a gas bubble. A system of differential equations in partial derivatives, which describes the degassing of heterogeneous media in a hydrocyclone, is reduced to ordinary differential equations, and is solved by the numerical method. The influence exerted on the degassing process by structural parameters of a cylindrical hydrocyclone and rheologic properties of the liquid is analyzed. __________ Translated from Khimicheskoe i Neftegazovoe Mashinostroenie, No. 1, pp. 4–8, January, 2007.