Wire-beam electrode: a new tool for investigating electrochemical inhomogeneity of oil coatings

The wire-beam electrode, a new type of electrode, was developed as a new tool for investigating electrochemical inhomogeneity of temporarily protective oil coatings. The feasibility of using a wire-beam electrode in studies of electrochemical inhomogeneity of temporarily protective oil coating is presented in this paper. Structure parameters of wire-beam electrodes such as the central distance of the adjacent wire pair, the diameter of the wire, the number of wires, etc., and their effect on the study of electrochemical inhomogeneity of temporarily protective oil coatings are discussed in this paper. It is suggested that the wire-beam electrode is a suitable tool for investigating electrochemical inhomogeneity of temporarily protective oil coatings.     

Corrosion protection of stainless steel by a new and low-cost organic coating obtained from cashew nutshell liquid

In this work, the corrosion protection of 316L steel was promoted by an electro-synthesized polymer obtained from the technical cashew nutshell liquid (t-CNSL). Spectroscopic techniques confirmed the polymer formation. The polymer was dispersed in the ethyl acetate solvent and used to form coatings on 316L steel substrates. The coated samples were subjected to electrochemical tests in a saline environment. The coated electrode with poly(t-CNSL) polymer was exposed to the corrosive medium for 24 days, and superior corrosion protection was observed compared with the uncoated sample. The open circuit potential measurements showed that the coated sample possessed a more positive corrosion potential when compared with the uncoated substrate. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results indicated that the coated electrode's polarization resistance (R_p) recorded ~1.0 MΩ cm² after 24 days of exposure. A decrease in polarization resistance was observed with the exposure time due to the presence of micropores in the t-CNSL coating. The polarization curves exhibited that the coated electrode with poly(t-CNSL) has lower corrosion current density and less negative corrosion potential than the uncoated steel electrode. Therefore, t-CNSL favors the manufacture of thin poly(t-CNSL) coatings for corrosion protection purposes besides being a low-cost material.     

铝合金上锂盐转化膜的耐蚀性能

通过电化学测试和浸泡实验研究了铝及其合金上的锂盐转化膜、铬酸盐转化膜及自然氧化膜在氯化钠溶液中的耐蚀性能。结果表明：锂盐转化膜的耐蚀性能优于自然氧化膜的,而与铬酸盐转化膜的相当。     

石墨烯光固化涂料的制备及防腐性能研究

为了提高光固化涂料的耐腐蚀性,将不同质量分数的石墨烯添加到光固化涂料中,制备了石墨烯复合光固化防腐涂层。对不同含量石墨烯复合光固化防腐涂层的硬度、耐冲击性、附着力等物理性能进行测试,并通过极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱等对其电化学性能进行了研究。最后,采用盐雾试验对不同石墨烯添加量的光固化涂层的防腐性能进行了评价。结果表明：当石墨烯的添加量为 0.1%时,涂层的硬度、耐冲击性以及附着力等物理性能得到显著增强,此时涂层的腐蚀电位最高,腐蚀电流密度最低,具有优异的耐腐蚀性能。     

聚苯胺涂层防腐行为的电化学研究方法

综述了国内外研究聚苯胺涂层防腐行为的电化学方法.简要介绍了腐蚀电位、极化曲线.电化学阻抗谱、氧化-还原电位、极化电阻、电化学扫描探针显微镜等常用的电化学测试方法,指出了各种方法的特点及应用范围.建议不同的测试方法配合使用,有助于全面、准确地评价聚苯胺涂层的防腐行为.     

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of chromium-phosphorus coatings electrodeposited from trivalent chromium baths

Chromium-phosphorus (Cr-P) coatings are electrodeposited from trivalent Cr (Cr(III)) baths containing hypophosphite. The electrochemical corrosion behavior of Cr-P coatings, traditional Cr coatings deposited in hexavalent Cr (Cr(VI)) baths, and chromium-carbon (Cr-C) coatings deposited in Cr(III) baths containing formate are studied by measuring potentiodynamic polarization curves in a 10 wt% HCl solution. The composition and morphology of the coating surface layers are investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The results of electrochemical tests show that Cr-P coatings exhibit better corrosion resistance than traditional Cr and Cr-C coatings, which is characterized by a lower critical current density, lower passive current density, and lager passive potential range. XPS and SEM analyses confirm that the excellent corrosion resistance of Cr-P coatings is attributed to the formation of a phosphide passive film, which has high stability and self-repairing ability, and can act as a “buffer” to reject the penetration of chloride ions.     

Improved electrochemical performance of trivalent-chrome coating on Al 6063 alloy via urea and thiourea addition

This project aims at improving the electrochemical performance of trivalent-chrome coating through urea and thiourea addition. The electrochemical behaviors of coatings formed with different concentrations of urea and thiourea were investigated in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution at 25 °C, using potentiodynamic polarization curves and EIS. The corrosion resistance of coatings is improved greatly by adding a small amount of inhibitors, whereas the excessive addition deteriorates the corrosion resistance. Thiourea addition presents better effect than urea. To explain the EIS results of the coatings, a simple equivalent circuit was designed. The EIS parameters were obtained by fitting the EIS plots. The results of the polarization curves and EIS show that the inhibitor-containing coatings present better corrosion resistance than the coating without inhibitor. The morphology and composition and valence state of the conversion coatings were examined by SEM and EDS and XPS, respectively. The results indicated that the trivalent chromium coating was developed on Al 6063 alloy, urea and thiourea inhibitors were also deposited on the substrates, respectively. A noticeable chemical shift was also observed.     

油溶性缓蚀剂的研究现状及发展趋势

防锈油脂是金属材料防腐的保护盾,缓蚀剂是调控金属防腐膜层的核心物质。综述了油溶性缓蚀剂的作用机理、典型特点及具体应用的研究现状,重点阐述了油溶性缓蚀剂在油类基体中的抗腐蚀机制,并结合我国工业生产用油溶性缓蚀剂,进一步对油溶性缓蚀剂的缓蚀机理和最佳缓蚀剂组合进行研究,有利于工业生产中缓蚀剂的选择,同时,环保型缓蚀剂也是缓蚀剂发展的重要方向。     

钛和铈对热浸锌镀层组织与耐蚀性能的影响

为了获得厚度适中、耐蚀性能好的热浸镀锌层,在锌浴中添加微量的Ti和Ce,分别在Zn-0.04%Ti、Zn-0.02%Ce和Zn-0.04%Ti-0.02%Ce镀浴中制得热浸锌合金镀层.采用金相显微分析以及电化学阻抗谱、电化学极化测试、中性盐雾试验,研究了Ti和Ce对镀层组织和耐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:在锌浴中添加0.0...     

Enhanced anticorrosion coatings prepared from incorporation of well‐dispersed silica nanoparticles into fluorinated polyimide matrix

Series of advanced anticorrosive hybrid coatings comprising of organo‐soluble fluorinated polyimide (SFPI) matrix dispersed with different feeding ratio of inorganic silica (SiO₂) nanoparticles has been successfully prepared through a conventional chemical imidization of polyimide and acid catalyzed sol–gel process of TEOS. It should be noted that the incorporation of SiO₂ nanoparticles into the SFPI matrix can effectively enhance the corrosion protection performance on cold‐rolled steel (CRS) electrode against corrosive species in saline condition when compared with that of neat polymeric coatings based on a series of standard electrochemical corrosion measurements, such as corrosion potential, polarization resistance, corrosion current, and impedance spectroscopy. POLYM. COMPOS., 31:2025–2034, 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and corrosion behaviour of Al2O3-Ni nano composite coatings

In this paper, the results on the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and corrosion properties of electrodeposited nanostructured Al₂O₃-Ni composite coatings are presented. The nanocomposite coatings were obtained by codeposition of alumina nanoparticles (13 nm) with nickel during plating process. The coating thickness was 50 μm on steel support and an average of nano Al₂O₃ particles inside of coatings at 15 vol.% was present. The structure of the coatings was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It has been found that the codeposition of Al₂O₃ particles with nickel disturbs the nickel coating's regular surface structure. The electrochemical behavior of the coatings in the corrosive solutions was investigated by polarization potentiodynamic and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods. As electrochemical test solutions 0.5 M sodium chloride and 0.5 M potassium sulphate were used in a three electrode open cell. The corrosion potential is shifted to more negative values for nanostructured coatings in 0.5 M sodium chloride. The polarization resistance in 0.5 M sodium chloride decreases in 24 h, but after that increases slowly. In 0.5 M potassium sulphate solution the polarization resistance decreases after 2 h and after 30 h of immersion the polarization resistance is higher than that of the beginning value. The corrosion rate calculated by polarization potentiodynamic curves obtained after 30 min from immersion in solution is smaller for nanostructured coatings in 0.5 M potassium sulphate (4.74 μm/year) and a little bit bigger in 0.5 M sodium chloride (5.03 μm/year).     

Evaluation of cysteine as environmentally friendly corrosion inhibitor for copper in neutral and acidic chloride solutions

The efficiency of cysteine as a non-toxic corrosion inhibitor for copper metal in 0.6 M NaCl and 1.0 M HCl has been investigated by electrochemical studies. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy “EIS” were used to study the effect of cysteine on the corrosion inhibition of copper. Inhibition efficiency of about 84% could be achieved in chloride solutions. The presence of Cu²⁺ ions increases the inhibition efficiency to 90%. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements showed that the presence of cysteine in acidic and neutral chloride solutions affects mainly the cathodic process and decreases the corrosion current to a great extent and shifts the corrosion potential towards more negative values. The experimental impedance data were analyzed according to a proposed equivalent circuit model for the electrode/electrolyte interface. Results obtained from potentiodynamic polarization and impedance measurements are in good agreement. Adsorption of cysteine on the surface of Cu, in neutral and acidic chloride solutions, follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The adsorption free energy of cysteine on Cu (−25 kJ mol⁻¹) reveals a strong physical adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface.     

Advanced anticorrosive coatings prepared from electroactive epoxy–SiO2 hybrid nanocomposite materials

A series of electroactive epoxy/amino-SiO₂ nanocomposite materials containing conjugated segments of electroactive amino-capped aniline trimer (ACAT) unit were successfully prepared. First of all, the amino-modified silica (AMS) particles of ∼50 nm in diameter were synthesized by performing the conventional base-catalyzed sol–gel reactions of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in the presence of (3-aminopropyl)-trimethoxysilane (APTES) molecules. Subsequently, the AMS nanoparticles were blended into the epoxy ring-opening polymerization reactions between amino-terminated aniline trimer (ACAT)/T-403 and DGEBA, leading to the formation of electroactive epoxy resin–silica hybrid nanocomposites (EES). Furthermore, the redox behavior of as-prepared EES materials was identified by the electrochemical cyclic voltammetry studies. It should be noted that the as-prepared electroactive hybrid materials in the form of coating on cold-rolled steel (CRS) electrode were found to be much superior in corrosion protection over those of non-electroactive epoxy (NEE) and electroactive epoxy (EE) materials based on a series of electrochemical corrosion measurements in saline. The possible mechanism for the advanced enhancement of corrosion protection of EES coatings on CRS electrode could be interpreted as follows: (1) electroactive epoxy coatings may act as physical barrier coating; (2) redox catalytic capabilities of ACAT units existed in electroactive epoxy may induce the formation of passive metal oxide layers on CRS electrode, as further evidenced by SEM and ESCA studies; (3) well-dispersed AMS nanoparticles in EES matrix could act as effective hinder to enhance the oxygen barrier property of electroactive epoxy matrix, the result could be demonstrated by gas permeability analysis (GPA). Electroactive epoxy/SiO₂ nanocomposites were identified by a series of electrochemical measurements such as corrosion potential (E_corr), polarization resistance (R_p), corrosion current (I_corr) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studied in 5 wt% NaCl electrolyte.     

Inhibiting effect of 8-hydroxyquinoline on the corrosion of silane-based sol–gel coatings on AA 2024-T3

This work presents the silane-based sol–gel coatings that prepared by in situ doping 8-hydroxyquinoline as corrosion inhibitor for the protection of AA 2024-T3. The morphology and thickness of the sol–gel coatings were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Immersion tests and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to study the corrosion resistance of the blank and 8-hydroxyquinoline doped sol–gel coatings. The results indicate that the addition of 8-hydroxyquinoline effectively improved the corrosion resistance of the sol–gel coatings. The self-healing effect of 8-hydroxyquinoline on the corrosion in the defects of sol–gel coating was assessed by scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) and proved by the results of energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) mapping.     

Sinapinic acid as Al–2.5Mg alloy corrosion inhibitor in sodium chloride solution

Sinapinic acid was studied for possible use as an Al–2.5Mg alloy corrosion inhibitor in a 0.5 mol dm⁻³ NaCl solution. Measurements were performed on a rotating disc electrode in a quiescent solution and at different electrode rotation rates and electrolyte temperatures. Electrochemical parameters for the Al–2.5Mg alloy were determined using polarization techniques and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The investigated compound acts as a cathodic-type inhibitor and the inhibition is ascribed to the adsorption of the inhibitor onto the electrode surface. The electrode coverage follows the Freundlich adsorption isotherm.     

电镀锌钝化处理耐蚀效果的电化学评估

采用线性极化电阻、开路电位及阳极极化曲线等电化学方法,评估了锌镀层经3种不同钝化液处理后在w=1%的NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性。结果表明,3种电化学方法测得的钝化膜耐蚀性与中性盐雾试验的结果相符,能够用于快速有效地评价电镀锌钝化处理的耐腐蚀效果。     

Multiple-electrode method for estimating the polarization resistance in large structures

A new method for estimating the polarization resistance and the corrosion current from the Stern-Geary equation in cases where the applied signal distributes unevenly over a large real structure acting as working electrode is proposed. In addition to measurements of the current response to an applied potential pulse, the new method takes into account the distribution of polarization values over the working electrode (WE) surface. To this end, relevant information is provided by multiple reference electrodes placed at different points on the WE surface. The method allows estimation of the corrosion current for steel rebars embedded in large concrete structures.     

Synergic enhancement of the anticorrosion properties of an epoxy coating by compositing with both graphene and halloysite nanotubes

The aim of this research was to improve the corrosion resistance of metal surfaces with polymer coatings. Both graphene and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were introduced together into the epoxy resin coating for the enhanced barrier protection of the metallic surface. The anticorrosion behaviors of different coatings were comparatively evaluated by the potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and neutral salt spray (NSS) tests. The potentiodynamic polarization curves showed that the coating containing 0.5 wt % HNTs and 0.8 wt % graphene (H05G08EP) together had the most positive corrosion potential and the minimum corrosion current density. The EIS results revealed that graphene endowed the composite coatings with excellent electrochemical performance for anticorrosive purposes. The NSS tests indicated that H05G08EP endured the longest NSS time. These results suggest that H05G08EP had the best corrosion resistance. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47562.     

Mechanism of corrosion protection of aluminum alloy substrate by hybrid polymer nanocomposite coatings

The corrosion protection of polymer clay nanocomposite, PCN coatings consisting of polyurea, siloxanes, epoxy ester and montmorillonite clay was determined. Corrosion resistance of the coating, was assessed by monitoring the polarization resistance and impedance of coated aluminum alloy, Al 2024-T3, coupons immersed in 3.5 wt.% of sodium chloride, NaCl, solution. Direct current polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic techniques were used to measure polarization resistance and impedance of the samples, respectively. Diffusion of saturated salt solution into free-standing PCN films was measured gravimetrically and diffusivity of the nanocomposites was determined. The presence of clay decreases diffusivity and increases corrosion resistance of the non-scribed coatings containing up to 10 wt.% of clay. A correlation between polarization resistance and diffusivity was made. It was shown that for non-scribed coatings, polarization resistance increases with decreasing diffusivity. A relationship between coating's diffusivity and weight fraction of clay was established. Increasing clay concentration also resulted in decreasing diffusivity. The scribed nanocomposite coatings show slightly decreasing polarization resistance with increasing weight fraction, however, the polarization resistance of scribed coatings containing low clay weight fraction in the range between 0.5 and 2.0 wt.% was higher than that for the matrix. A barrier mechanism of corrosion prevention of the coated substrate is proposed for non-scribed coatings. The viscoelastic property of the nanocomposites was determined by using dynamic mechanical spectrometer. A correlation between polarization resistance of the coatings and the rubbery plateau modulus on the one hand and polarization resistance and tan δ peak area for α-transition of the nanocomposites is made. Decreasing tan δ peak area for α-transition and increasing rubbery plateau modulus resulted in increasing coatings polarization resistance.     

多弧离子镀(Ti,Cr)N镀层耐蚀性研究

采用多弧离子镀技术在高速钢表面制备了(Ti,Cr)N镀层,通过电化学工作站对镀层的塔菲尔曲线进行测试,分析镀层的耐腐蚀性,并采用质量变化法对电化学测试结果进行了验证。利用扫描电子显微镜观察了(Ti,Cr)N镀层腐蚀前后的微观形貌。结果表明,随电流比例ICr/ITi的增大,(Ti,Cr)N镀层表面晶粒尺寸逐渐减小。当ICr/ITi为90 A/60 A时,基体的自腐蚀电位由-0.750 V正移至-0.534 V,基体的腐蚀速率降低85.67%,耐蚀性提高。基体的腐蚀主要为点蚀和均匀腐蚀,(Ti,Cr)N镀层主要为小孔腐蚀。