建筑涂料中挥发性有机物含量的测定

采用气相色谱法测定建筑涂料中挥发性有机物的含量,进行了大量的实验与研究。测定结果表明,水分测定相对偏差为0.03%~0.05%,挥发性有机物相对偏差0.3%~0.5%,加标回收率98%~102%。该方法准确可行,适用于各种建筑涂料样品的生产和监控。     

Comparison of chemical wet scrubbers and biofiltration for control of volatile organic compounds using GC/MS techniques and kinetic analysis

Increasing public concerns and EPA air regulations in non‐attainment zones necessitate the remediation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) generated in the poultry‐rendering industry. Wet scrubbers using chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) have low overall removal efficiencies due to lack of reactivity with aldehydes. Contrary to wet scrubbers, a biofilter system successfully treated the aldehyde fraction, based on GC/MS analysis of inlet and outlet streams. Total VOC removal efficiencies ranged from 40 to 100% for the biofilter, kinetic analysis indicated that the overall removal capacity approached 25 g m⁻³ h⁻¹, and aldehyde removal efficiency was significantly higher compared with chemical wet scrubbers. Process temperatures monitored in critical unit operations upstream from the biofilter varied significantly during operation, rising as much as 30 °C within a few minutes. However, the outlet air temperature of a high intensity scrubber remained relatively constant at 40 °C, although the inlet air temperature fluctuated from 50 to 65 °C during monitoring. These data suggest a hybrid process combining a wet scrubber and biofilter in series could be used to improve overall VOC removal efficiencies and process stability. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

GC-MS测定饮用水中挥发性有机物

建立了吹扫捕集与气相色谱/质谱(GC-MS)联用测定饮用水中13种挥发性有机物的测定方法.该方法的加标回收率在90%～110%,相对标准偏差小于5.0%,灵敏度高,准确度好,已成功地用于饮用水中挥发性有机污染物的测定,且结果令人满意.     

GC-MS解析炼化污水中挥发性有机物组成和变化

对西北某大型炼化企业炼油、化工两条污水处理流程的关键工艺环节进行水样采集,采用紫外可见光谱及吹扫捕集-气相色谱与质谱联用（GC-MS））解析了污水水样中挥发性有机成分的组成和含量的变化。共鉴定出有机物19类76种,化工污水当中的有机物（43种）相对炼油污水（32种）更加复杂。研究表明,炼油污水含较多的含硫化合物（硫醚、噻吩）,是恶臭气体的主要来源;化工污水含较多的含氮化合物（硝基化合物、腈类、氰类）,是氨氮及总氮的主要贡献者;芳香化合物种类多达数十种,对VOCs贡献较大。指出化工污水水解环节可产生部分醇、酮类化合物,提高后续污水可生化性。生化处理环节能去除污水中的绝大部分烷烃、烯烃、炔烃和少部分醇、酮;而芳香烃、多环芳烃、氯代烃生物降解性相对较差,生化后依旧具有残留,是污水处理COD残留的重要原因,可作为炼化特征有机污染物。提出分子水平的精细解析,能够为污水处理工艺评价提供科学依据,进而对工艺开发和工艺改进提供帮助。     

液体浸出一顶空进样一便携GC／MS法测定土壤中挥发性有机物

建立了液体浸出一顶空进样一便携气相色谱,质谱法测定土壤中的挥发性有机物（VOCs）的方法。结果表明,该方法简单、方便、准确,24种挥发性有机物的实际样品加标回收率可达60％以上。本方法采用便携气质进行定性和定量,可以应用于土壤污染事故应急监测的挥发性有机物现场检测。     

有机蒸气膜回收系统在PE装置上的应用

有机蒸气膜回收技术首次在气相法聚乙烯(PE)装置上应用,取得了良好效果,排放的尾气中1-丁烯体积分数由投用前的5％～6％下降到4％;冷剂的体积分数由1．5％下降到0．7％,而排放量基本保持不变。该回收系统投用后,共聚单体1-丁烯的消耗量可以降低1．0 kg/t。     

快递包装袋挥发性气味成分分析

为深入研究快递包装袋的特征气味成分,通过液液萃取法获得快递包装袋挥发性气味成分并采用气相色谱?质谱联用仪（GC?MS）对其进行分离鉴定。结果表明,利用液液萃取法从快递包装袋中共鉴定出了30 余种物质,其中相对质量分数最高的是醇类化合物及其他类化合物;2?（十八烷氧基）?乙醇、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯、1?氯?七叶苷、2?十六醇、2?溴十八烷、叔十六硫醇相对质量分数均较高,对快递包装袋特殊气味的形成可能具有关键性影响。     

不同温度下天然橡胶中挥发性有机化合物的释放

通过静态顶空与气相色谱-质谱联用的方法,探讨了不同温度（80 ℃和130 ℃）和不同硫化温度（130,140,150 ℃）对两种天然橡胶（SVR 3 L和SPR 10#）中挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）的影响。结果表明,130 ℃下,两种天然橡胶中的主要VOCs均能挥发并被检出,SVR 3 L中的VOCs主要是乙醇和乙酸;SPR 10#中除乙醇和乙酸外,主要为醛类物质。硫化温度对两种天然橡胶中VOCs总量的影响不大,说明硫化过程中的高温高压条件可使天然橡胶中的VOCs挥发,硫化胶中的VOCs主要来源于硫化促进剂的热分解产物。     

挥发性有机化合物催化消除前沿技术及研究进展

挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)是可吸入有害物质形成的重要前体,是大气污染物的重要组成部分。催化氧化法作为末端技术是目前处理VOCs最有效的途径之一。本文讨论了VOCs的热催化氧化、光催化氧化和光热协同催化氧化的研究进展,重点研究常用VOCs的催化氧化机理以及相关催化剂的构筑。其中,热催化燃烧主要以贵金属(Pt、Pd、Au、Ag等)、过渡金属(Mn、Co、Cr等氧化物)及复合型催化剂研究展开;光催化氧化以TiO₂和C₃N₄为典型催化剂进行讨论;光热协同催化研究主要包括碳基催化剂、贵金属负载型以及过渡金属负载型催化剂的开发与应用。此外,本文对基于催化剂的热催化、光催化和光热催化去除VOCs的开发和研究提出了进一步的展望。     

Sorption and diffusion of volatile organic compounds in polydimethylsiloxane membranes

Sorption and diffusion of ethanol, 1,1,1-trichloroethane (TCA), and trichloroethylene (TCE) were investigated in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membranes using a gravimetric technique. The thermodynamic equilibrium and kinetic properties were evaluated at temperatures of 25, 100, and 150°C. The sorption isotherms for TCA and TCE can be correlated well using the Flory-Huggins model. However, a three parameter Koningsveld-Kleinjtens variation to the Flory-Huggins equation is required for correlation of the ethanol isotherm. The solubility coefficients of TCA and TCE increase with activity, but it remains almost constant for ethanol. The calculated sorption energies reveal high positive heat of mixing for ethanol. TCA and TCE sorption in PDMS decreases strongly with temperature as opposed to ethanol. Clustering function analysis is used to explain the anomalous ethanol sorption and diffusion behavior in PDMS. TCA and TCE diffusivities do not exhibit large variations with volatile organic compound activity. However, ethanol demonstrates a maxima in its diffusivity at activities where it has minimum clustering tendencies. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 67: 165–175, 1998     

低温等离子体协同催化降解挥发性有机物的研究进展

低温等离子体协同催化技术在挥发性有机物（VOCs）治理中因具有反应高效、反应条件温和、设备简易等优点而受到广泛的研究和应用。文章介绍了低温等离子体协同催化降解VOCs的基本原理、技术研究进展,简述了低温等离子体的高反应活性在与催化剂的高反应选择性结合后所产生的协同作用,二者的结合不但提高了VOCs的降解效率、减少有害副产物生成,还弥补了单一使用低温等离子体技术的高能耗、副产物多的缺陷。此外,分析了低温等离子体与催化剂的联合方式及特点、低温等离子体与催化剂之间的相互作用和影响以及低温等离子体联合不同类型催化剂的协同原理。指出了研究中对完整机理分析的欠缺以及应用过程中对中间过程监测分析的困难,这也是低温等离子体协同催化降解挥发性有机物研究中的重要内容。     

日化行业挥发性有机物排放特征调查研究——以广州市某典型日化企业为例

利用物料衡算法,结合生产工艺调查、现场采样及实验分析,研究了广州市某典型日化企业生产过程中挥发性有机物(VOCs)从原料输入到产品输出各环节的排放特征。结果表明,有组织排放检测口的总VOCs质量浓度接近,其中柠檬烯成分质量浓度均为最高,而无组织采样点中原料混合区的VOCs质量浓度最高,其中柠檬烯成分质量浓度也是最高。有、无组织排放环节分别检测出11和16种主要的VOCs物种,经分析可知该企业的特征污染物为柠檬烯,且通过物料衡算得出该企业的VOCs综合排放因子为0.199 kg/t。     

南京市饮用水中挥发性有机污染物(VOC)的种类与水平

运用吹扫捕集和气相色谱-质谱联用技术对南京市8个自来水厂生产的生活饮用水中挥发性有机化合物进行了分析研究,共检出化合物20种,主要是由液氯消毒带来的副产物挥发性卤代烃,检出化合物的量都低于国家饮用水标准,亦即南京市饮用水中挥发性有机物含量符合饮用标准。     

膜渗透蒸发在纺织品有机挥发物检测中的应用

综述了膜渗透蒸发技术在生态纺织品有机挥发物检测中的应用研究进展,分析了膜渗透蒸发技术的特点,指出膜渗透蒸发技术存在的不足和今后的发展趋势.     

顶空气相色谱法测定烟用胶粘剂中的有机挥发物

采用顶空气相色谱法对烟用胶粘剂中的有机挥发物（甲醇、丙酮、乙酸甲酯、叔丁醇、乙酸乙烯酯、乙酸乙酯）进行分析,讨论了气相色谱柱的升温方式、顶空平衡温度、平衡时间、胶粘剂加入量对分析结果的影响,从而获得优化的检测工艺参数。该检测方法对上述六种有机挥发物的线性范围分别为甲醇0～400礸,丙酮0～40礸,乙酸甲酯0～92礸,叔丁醇0～32,乙酸乙烯酯,0～75礸,乙酸乙酯0～45礸;测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.6%～2.7%;样品的回收率为90.8%～104.2%;可用于烟用胶粘剂中有机挥发物的分析,方法简便、快速、重现性好。     

A review on recent advances in catalytic combustion of chlorinated volatile organic compounds

Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) with strong stability, poor reactivity and high toxicity in waste gases are emitted into the atmosphere from many industrial operations, which has caused sustained harm to both human health and atmospheric environment. Catalytic combustion is regarded as one of the most effective methods to eliminate CVOCs due to its high removal efficiency, low energy consumption and low production of secondary pollutants. However, the screening of efficient catalysts (i.e. low cost, high activity and durability) still remains challenging. In this review, recent developments on catalytic combustion of CVOCs, including catalysts, reaction condition, catalytic reaction mechanism, deactivation reasons and regeneration methods are summarized. It is emphasized that the active components, structures and supports of catalysts have significant effects on their activity, selectivity, stability and longevity. In addition, it is pointed out that catalyst deactivation is closely related to chlorine poisoning, sintering, carbon deposition and metal active phase leaching. Compared with other catalysts, perovskite-type composite oxides and spinel-type composite oxides have shown to be promising materials in the catalytic combustion of CVOCs due to their particular structure and nature (e.g. surface area, redox property and surface acidity). Thereafter, the outlooks on catalytic combustion of CVOCs are also presented in this article based on the studies in the literature, which offer influential information for further research on the treatment technology of CVOCs. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

含氯挥发性有机化合物催化燃烧催化剂的研究进展

含氯挥发性有机化合物(CVOCs)是一类重要的大气污染物,催化燃烧是实现CVOCs高效减排的一种主流处理技术,但工艺过程中存在氯元素易吸附在催化剂表面致使催化剂失活的问题。本文从催化燃烧CVOCs的反应机理、催化剂活性组分、催化剂载体等几个方面,对近年来催化燃烧处理CVOCs的研究进行了综述,其中催化活性组分可分为以钌、钯为主的贵金属催化剂和集中在高活性的过渡金属复合氧化物、钙钛矿型非贵金属催化剂,并重点阐述了水蒸气对催化燃烧CVOCs反应活性的影响及机制。根据国内外研究状况和技术水平,提出了催化燃烧技术的研究及发展方向,充分利用一定浓度水蒸气的优点抑制催化剂氯中毒及产生较低含量的副产物,为CVOCs高效工业化处理提供了重要的参考。     

燃烧处理挥发性有机污染物的研究进展

随着环境问题的日益严重,治理作为PM_2.5前体的挥发性有机物（VOCs）越来越受到重视,燃烧法是目前常用的处理VOCs污染物技术之一。本文从燃烧的机理出发综述了燃烧法处理VOCs的研究进展,将燃烧法分为两大类,即非催化燃烧法和催化燃烧法。非催化燃烧法中从燃烧方式出发,总结了直接燃烧法、蓄热式热力燃烧法、多孔介质燃烧法的研究进展,并对燃烧影响因素进行了综述。在催化燃烧法中阐述了贵金属催化剂、非贵金属催化剂和复合金属氧化物催化剂的研究进展,探讨了催化剂的失活问题,分析了每种催化剂的优势与不足。贵金属催化剂活性高,但是价格昂贵、稳定性差;非贵金属催化剂价格低廉、寿命长,但是起燃温度高;复合金属氧化物催化剂活性高、抗毒性强,但是制备工艺复杂。最后基于目前的研究现状和不足,展望了未来燃烧法处理VOCs的研究方向为：结合实际应用的工艺条件和催化燃烧的机理,制备出活性高、价格低廉、抗毒性强和寿命长的催化剂用于蓄热式催化燃烧技术;将催化燃烧和多孔介质燃烧相结合,开发出高效、稳定、经济的燃烧技术处理VOCs污染物。     

催化燃烧脂肪族氯代易挥发性有机物的研究进展

催化燃烧是处理低浓度挥发性有机物废气的有效方法。阐述了催化燃烧脂肪族氯代易挥发性有机物的反应机理,对贵金属、过渡金属氧化物、钙钛矿型复合氧化物和分子筛近年来研究较广泛和深入的催化剂体系的性能和特点进行了论述,分析催化剂的优缺点。讨论了反应原料气中水和非氯代有机物的加入对催化反应效果的影响,对今后研究和发展方向进行展望。     

Cellular Scent of Influenza Virus Infection.

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emanating from humans have the potential to revolutionize non‐invasive diagnostics. Yet, little is known about how these compounds are generated by complex biological systems, and even less is known about how these compounds are reflective of a particular physiological state. In this proof‐of‐concept study, we examined VOCs produced directly at the cellular level from B lymphoblastoid cells upon infection with three live influenza virus subtypes: H9N2 (avian), H6N2 (avian), and H1N1 (human). Using a single cell line helped to alleviate some of the complexity and variability when studying VOC production by an entire organism, and it allowed us to discern marked differences in VOC production upon infection of the cells. The patterns of VOCs produced in response to infection were unique for each virus subtype, while several other non‐specific VOCs were produced after infections with all three strains. Also, there was a specific time course of VOC release post infection. Among emitted VOCs, production of esters and other oxygenated compounds was particularly notable, and these may be attributed to increased oxidative stress resulting from infection. Elucidating VOC signatures that result from the host cells response to infection may yield an avenue for non‐invasive diagnostics and therapy of influenza and other viral infections.