电压对有机蓝光器件发光光谱的影响

介绍了结构为ITO/40 nm 4,4′,4″-tris[N,-(3-methylphenyl)-N-phenylamino]tripheny- lamine(m-MTDATA)/5 nm N,N′-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′- diamine(NPB)/x nm 4,4-bis(2,2-diphenyl vinyl)-1,1-biphenyl(DPVBi)/y nm 6,11,12,- tetraphenylnaphthacene(Rubrene)/40 nm tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum(Alq)/0.5 nm LiF/Al的器件,其发光光谱的半峰宽在电压由2 V变为12 V时,由140 nm变为70 nm,器件发光的峰值波长由456 nm变为444nm的规律。半峰宽变窄是由于随着电压的升高,被Ru- brene俘获的电子获得了足够的能量,越过Rubrene层,在DPVBi中与注入的空穴形成激子而复合发光的概率的逐步增加所造成的。峰值波长蓝移是由于激子的形成区域随着电压的增加逐渐由DPVBi层移向NPB层造成的。器件峰值波长的这种变化对器件的色度改善有着很大的影响。     

NPB蓝色有机电致发光器件的性能优化研究

基于结构为ITO/NPB/BCP/Alq3/Mg:Ag的NPB(N,N’-bis(1-naphthyl)-N,N’-diphenyl-1,1’-biphenyl-4,4’-diamine)蓝色有机电致发光器件,利用Alq3的空穴阻挡能力及高的荧光效率优化了器件结构。具有不同厚度Alq3空穴阻挡层的器件性能测试结果表明,Alq3对器件发光亮度影响明显,选择适当的Alq3厚度可使得器件的发光亮度提高大约两倍。电致发光光谱测试结果表明,器件的发光基本来自NPB的蓝色发光,而Alq3扮演了辅助发光层的作用。     

电极性质对异质结OLED光电性能的影响

采用空热蒸发技术制备了结构为ITO/N,N′-bis(naphthalen-1-yl)-N,N′-bis(phenyl)-benzidine (NPB)/tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)-aluminum (AlQ)/Mg-Ag/Al的异质结结构有机电致发光器件(OLED),研究了ITO电极性质对OLED器件启亮电压、驱动电压、发光亮度和发光效率等光电性能的影响.实验结果表明,电极性质显著影响OLED器件性能,优化的电极性质通过改善电极与有机层之间的界面特性,从而改善器件的光学和电学性能.     

PVK:NPB复合空穴传输层对有机电致发光器件的影响

采用poly(N-vinylearbazole)(PVK):N,N'-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N,N'-bipheny-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine(NPB)掺杂体系作为复合空穴传输层,通过调节该体系的组分,制备了结构为indium-tin oxide(ITO)/PVK:NPB/8-hydroxyquinoline aluminum(Alq3)/Mg:Ag的双层有机电致发光器件(OLED),研究了具有不同掺杂质量比的OLED器件的电致发光特性,并对掺杂薄膜的表面形貌进行了表征.结果表明,将NPB掺杂到PVK中会提高空穴传输能力,改善器件的发光亮度和效率,并调节载流子复合区域的位置,光谱谱峰从509 nm移动到530 mm;但随着NPB质量比例提高,掺杂薄膜表面的平均粗糙度由3 nm上升为10 mm,电流密度和亮度先升高后降低.当PVK和NPB的掺杂质量比为l:3时,器件具有最优性能,发光亮度达到7852 cd/m2,功率效率为1.75 lm/W.     

基于ADN:TBPe发光层的蓝光OLED器件

全色显示是有机电致发光显示(OLED)器件发展的目标,而高性能蓝色发光器件,也是目前有机电致发光显示研究的热点。以NPB和Alq3分别作为空穴传输层和电子传输层,制作了结构为ITO/CuPc(150nm)/NPB(500nm)/ADN(300nm)∶TBPe(30nm)/Alq3(350nm)/RbF(20nm)/Al(1000nm)的蓝光OLED器件,发光亮度达8600cd/m2,发光效率达2.669cd/A,色坐标(X=0.1315,Y=0.1809)。研究发现ADN∶TBPe发光层体系的引入大大改善了蓝光器件的发光效率和性能。     

基于FHQZn发光的色度稳定的有机白光器件

研究了一种新型发光材料(E)-2-(2-(9H-fluoren-2-yl)vinyl)quinolato-Zinc的发光性能,利用它的空穴传输和发光特性制备了有机白光器件,器件的结构为:ITO/2T-NATA(15nm)/FHQZn(38nm)/NPB(25nm)/BCP(10nm)/Alq(30nm)/LiF(0.5nm)/Al,其中,(E)-2-(2-(9H-fluoren-2-yl)vinyl)quinoato-Zinc(FHQZn)作为空穴传输层和黄橙色发射层,N,N′-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine(NPBX)作为蓝光发射层。器件最大的电流效率为1.68cd/A(at7V),最大的亮度为4624cd/m2(at12V),此时色坐标为(0.28,0.25)。器件的色坐标由7V(66.83cd/m2)时的(0.27,0.29)到12V(4624cd/m2)时的(0.28,0.25)几乎不变,是一个基于新型材料的色度较稳定的有机白光器件。     

基于电荷传输层优化的量子点发光二极管

采用溶液法旋涂薄膜、真空蒸镀铝电极,制备了ITO/PEDOT∶PSS/空穴传输材料/量子点/纳米氧化锌(ZnO Nanoparticles)/Al结构的量子点发光二极管(QLED)器件。对比了不同纳米氧化锌分散剂对器件性能的影响。当用乙醇和乙醇胺分散氧化锌时,对量子点层破坏较小,器件的亮度最高达22 940cd/m2,电流效率达28.9cd/A。研究了在聚乙烯咔唑(PVK)中掺杂不同比例4,4′-环己基二[N,N-二(4-甲基苯基)苯胺](TAPC)器件的发光特性。在PVK中掺杂TAPC材料能够促进器件空穴传输以及电子空穴注入平衡,当PVK∶TAPC=3∶1时,器件的空穴传输层形貌较为平整,亮度较高;当PVK∶TAPC=1∶1时,器件的开启电压最低。通过对器件膜层表面形貌以及电学、光学性能的对比,分析了电荷传输层优化对器件特性改善的原因。     

有机微腔蓝光发射二极管的研制

利用玻璃/DBR/ITO/NPB/NPB:二萘嵌苯/TAZ/Alq/Al器件结构,研制了有机微腔蓝光发射二极管.将激光染料二萘嵌苯掺于空穴传输材料NPB中作为发光层,Alq为电子传输层,为防止未参与复合的空穴到达金属电极,在NPB:二萘嵌苯和Alq之间引入一薄层TAZ,所研制的微腔器件的峰值位于456 nm,器件表现为较纯的蓝光发射,色坐标为x=0.165,y＝0.088.微腔器件的最大亮度为2 500 cd/m2,最大发光效率为0.23 cd/A.     

MgF2缓冲层对蓝光OLED性能的影响

为了提高蓝光有机电致发光器件(OLED)的发光性能,将MgF2缓冲层插入ITO阳极与空穴传输层NPB之间,通过优化MgF2的厚度,制备了结构为ITO/MgF2(x nm)/NPB(50nm)/DPVBi:DSA-ph(30nm)/Alq3(30nm)/LiF(0.6nm)/Al(100nm)的高性能蓝光器件。实验结果表明,MgF2厚为1.0nm时,器件性能最佳,对应的器件最大电流效率达到5.51cd/A,最大亮度为23 290cd/m2(10.5V),与没有MgF2缓冲层的标准器件相比,分别提高47.3%和25.2%。对ITO表面的功函数测量结果表明,MgF2缓冲层可以有效修饰ITO表面,降低ITO与NPB之间的势垒高度差,改善空穴的注入效率,从而导致电子和空穴的注入更加平衡,激发机制更高效,实现了高性能的蓝光发射,为实现高效而稳定的全彩显示和白光照明奠定了基础。     

掺杂Rubrene双发光区有机黄光器件的制作

制作了在N,N′-diphenyl-N,N′-bis-1-naphthyl)-(1,1′-biphenyl)-4,4′-diamine(NPB)和aluminium-tris-8-hydroxy-quinoline(Alq3)中分别掺杂黄色荧光染料5,6,11,12,-tetraphe-nylnaphthacene(Rubrene)的双发光区有机黄光电致发光器件。器件的结构为ITO/NPB(30nm)/NPB∶Rubrene(20nm)/Alq3∶Rubrene(20nm)/Alq3(30nm)/LiF(0.8nm)/Al。NPB作为空穴传输层材料,Alq3作为电子传输材料,NPB和Alq3中掺杂Rubrene的浓度分别为0.9%和1.4%。实验结果表明,由于Rubrene具有较强的载流子俘获能力,而且在Alq3和NPB层中进行掺杂,相对于单掺杂层器件为Rubrene提供了更多的俘获空位,从而提高了器件的性能。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks