一种无封装FBG应变传感器标定方法

对传统的应变标定方法进行了分析,发现其不适用于无封装光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器的应变标定。提出了一种简易的无封装FBG传感器的应变灵敏度系数标定方法,通过理论分析,证明了该方法的可行性。选取能够覆盖解调仪解调范围的不同中心波长的无封装FBG传感器进行标定实验。计算了实验的A类不确定度、FBG传感器的线性度,并分析了标定结果与理论值存在差异的原因。实验结果表明,提出的方法在四支FBG传感器上均取得了3×10-3 pm/με以下的A类不确定度和0.5%以下的线性度。     

FBG传感器在粘土心墙坝模型试验中的应用

针对粘土心墙石坝内部变形的监测,提出了一种基于摩擦端承桩原理的光纤Bragg光栅（FBG）应变传感器。利用在大坝心墙内部埋设FBG传感器的方式,通过振动台模型试验,实时监测了大坝模型内部在地震作用下的应变响应,评价了大坝内部在地震作用下的健康状况。试验结果表明,该传感器埋人结构中能很好地与大坝结合,可以较早监测到模型内...     

一种温度自补偿的高灵敏度光纤光栅应变传感器

针对光纤光栅(FBG)应变传感器对应变和温度同时 敏感的问题,基于FBG传感原理以及环形结构受力变形特点,提出了 一种圆环式的FBG应变传感器,并进行了理论分析和传感器性能实验。传感器的 敏感结构是圆环,通过将 光栅粘贴在圆环竖向和横向直径方向,实现对被监测对象表面的应变监测。实验结果表明, 传感器的应变灵敏度为 3.76pm/με,线性相关度可达0.999 9,且 温度影响几乎被消除,可适用于受温度影响和精度要求较高的场所,尤其是 冶金铸造起重机的 监测。     

基于光纤光栅的双壁开口模型管桩测试技术研究

针对光纤光栅传感器在模型管 桩试验应用情况, 提出了一种光纤光栅传感器理论灵敏度系数和实验灵敏度系数应变标定方法。结合理论分析 ,在封装FBG 应变传感器前,对模型管桩内、外管进行有限元Abaqus应力分布模拟分析,得到双壁开口模 型管桩对封装 FBG应变传感器没有影响,提高了实验应变测量精度。对模型管桩封装后的FBG应变传感器进 行标定实验, 每次按200逐级加载后并卸载,循环加载5次,得到内外管FBG传感器 应变灵敏度系数分别为2.15 pm/με、2.24 p m/με,且线性度 均达到0.999以上。该方法简单、易操作,可用于光纤光栅应变传感 器在模型管桩试验前的标定,为光纤光栅传感器在试验和工程中应用奠定了基础。     

拱桥吊杆的光纤光栅监测与健康诊断

对拱桥吊杆内力监测光纤光栅(FBG)传感器的波长与应变和温度的关系进行了理论分析,通过标定试验,得到了FBG应变与温度灵敏系数.在四川峨边大渡河拱桥关键性吊杆中成功布设了FBG应变和温度传感器,提出并实施了现役拱桥吊杆FBG传感器的布设工艺以及布设后吊杆的修复方法.利用布设好的FBG传感器成功监测了车辆荷载下吊杆应变历程和温度变化过程、同一车辆荷载对不同长度吊杆的影响.监测结果表明:FBG传感器能够准确地监测车辆荷载大小和温度变化以其可能存在的损伤.     

钻孔压灌桩的超弱光纤光栅应变场监测方法

提出了一种在长螺旋钻孔压灌桩中引入超弱光纤光栅的应变场监测方法。分析了超弱光纤光栅多点应变传感原理，设计了一种定点式标距1 m的超弱光纤光栅光缆，对灵敏度进行了标定，在10 000με范围内的平均应变灵敏度为1.15 pm/με。在广州市有轨电车试验桩项目中，采用预拉力方式将光缆与钢筋笼结合后埋设，经过28天固化后对多根长螺旋钻孔压灌桩进行了静载测试和分析。试验表明，超弱光纤光栅传感系统工作频率1 Hz,应变精度1可实现对桩基应变场的多点、大量程、高精度的线性监测，验证了超弱光纤光栅传感器在桩基监测中的可行性。     

基于SMS-FBG结构的温度应变双参数传感特性研究

提出了一种基于单模-多模-单模(SMS)光纤干涉结构级联光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)的光纤微结构温度应变双参数测量传感器,并对其应变特性、温度特性进行了实验研究。通过采用光纤熔接手段将长度为35.5 mm的多模光纤熔接在两段单模光纤之间,构成SMS光纤干涉结构,并通过级联FBG制成温度应变双参数测量传感器。结果证明,在200～2 000με应变范围内,单模-多模-单模干涉结构和FBG的应变灵敏度分别为-2.31和1.22 pm/με,线性度分别达到0.999 2和0.999 4;在580～700℃温度范围内,其温度灵敏度分别为58.79和13.64 pm/℃,线性度分别达到0.996 7和0.998 2,可实现温度、应变双参数的同时测量。     

基于EFPI和FBG传感器的光纤智能夹层系统研究

以光纤自诊断系统为研究对象,围绕光纤智能夹层(FOSL)制作和标定中的相关理论及技术展开较深入的研究。采用聚酰亚胺薄膜制作了基于非本征法布里-珀罗干涉型(EFPI)传感器和光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器的FOSL。制作过程中,光纤传感器性能完好,FOSL的埋入对复合材料强度影响较小。在此基础上,对FOSL试件中的EFPI和FBG传感器进行了四点弯曲试验。试验表明,FOSL中,EFPI传感器的应变与载荷、FBG波长偏移与应变之间均具有良好的线性关系;在FOSL的制作中,可以选用EFPI和FBG传感器同时监测结构应变和温度。利用FOSL中的光纤传感器网络和先进信息处理技术,可以建立结构损伤主动、在线和实时监测系统。     

一种埋入式FBG应变传感器在干式空芯电抗器健康监测中的应用

为实现干式空芯电抗器的长期健康监测,提出了一种适用于强电磁环境的可埋入式光纤Bragg光栅(FBG)应变传感器。传感器结构简单且抗电磁干扰,可直接埋在干式空芯电抗器包封内。在包封制作过程中,将2个FBG应变传感器和1个FBG温度补偿传感器埋入在干式空芯电抗器的包封内,其中2个应变传感器分别按轴向和径向布设。温升实验结果表明,随着通电时间的增长,35kV干式空芯电抗器包封的轴向和径向应变量沿负向增加,约5h后趋于稳定,此时包封轴向应变量约为-3 200με,径向应变量约为-4 100με。埋入式FBG应变传感器稳定可靠,可实现极端环境下干式空芯电抗器的健康监测,对维护电网及电力设备的安全有重要意义。     

基于FBG的复合材料环形构件残余应变研究

为了解决因碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料构件中树脂基体与碳纤维间的热膨胀系数存在差异, 热压成型后, 内部未释放的残余应力会使材料构件发生残余应变, 造成构件变形、影响制品质量的问题, 采用光纤布喇格光栅(FBG)传感器在线监测实验研究和有限元仿真分析相结合的研究方法, 进行了理论分析和实验验证, 采集了碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料环形构件热压罐成型后表面残余应变变化实时数据。结果表明, 该构件下法兰根部应变释放情况复杂, 靠近支承位置处的残余应变释放受阻, 而其余监测点位的残余应变普遍在30με~90με的范围内, 与仿真结果相符; FBG传感器能对构件成型后残余应变释放历程进行多点位实时在线监测, 并实现对构件整体应变分布的分析和预警。该研究具有一定科学研究和工程应用意义。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks