Mg-Zn-Y三元合金富Mg区凝固组织及二十面体准晶相形貌

通过常规凝固方法在Mg28Zn2Y三元合金中的富Mg区获得了二十面体稳定准晶相。Mg28Zn2Y三元合金铸态组织中存在α-Mg相，Mg7Zn3相和二十面体准晶相。该合金的准晶形貌有两种：一种为尺寸较大、具有五次对称性的花瓣状；另一种为尺寸稍小、对称性不太明显的团状。五次对称性的花瓣状形貌是二十面体准晶，是按其特有的五次对称轴的择优方向自由生长所致。冷却速率直接影响合金凝固过程中准晶熟化时间。熟化时间越长，越容易使准晶花瓣端部粗化以及在端部发生分又。端部的分叉容易使得花瓣准晶破碎，破碎的准晶游离到低温相中，在界面能的作用下形成多边形形貌。     

Mg30Zn60Y10合金中二十面体准晶相的形成和生长

通过常规凝固方法在Mg30Zn60Y10三元合金中获得大体积分数准晶。准晶相由包晶反应生成。能谱分析结果表明包晶反应中初生相的成分近似为Mg16.32Zn70.60Y13.08，准晶相成分为Mg36.94Zn56.21Y6.63。差热分析显示初生相在723℃形成，准晶相生成温度为648℃。利用快淬方法使准晶相生长初期形貌得以保留，发现准晶相初期形貌受初生相形貌直接影响，但随后则接其晶体学优先方向生长，最终长成花瓣状准晶。准晶合金凝固过程中生成的低温相越多，准晶相熟化时间越长，越容易使准晶花瓣端部粗化以及在端部发生分叉。端部的分叉使得花瓣准晶破碎，这些破碎的准晶游离到低温相中在界面能的作用下形成多边形结构。     

Y对常规凝固Mg-Zn-Y合金组织和性能的影响

采用常规凝固技术制备了Mg-45Zn-xY(x=1.0,4.0,5.5,8.0,质量分数,%)合金。利用SEM、EDS、OM、TEM、XRD、DSC和硬度测试技术研究了Y对Mg-45Zn-xY系合金组织及性能的影响,同时对准晶相(I-phase)的形成机制进行了分析。结果表明:合金组织主要由α-Mg颗粒或枝晶、花瓣状的Mg3Zn6Y准晶相、层片状的(I-phase+α-Mg)共晶组织以及Mg7Zn3相组成;准晶相形貌、含量及分布与Y含量密切相关,随着Y含量的增加,花瓣状准晶相含量逐渐增加,当Y含量为5.5%时,花瓣状准晶相含量最多,合金的硬度达到最大值,HB为1557 MPa,当Y含量为8.0%时,合金中的花瓣状准晶相消失;准晶以层片状共晶组织和花瓣状形式存在,花瓣状的特殊形貌是正二十面体沿五次轴方向生长的结果。     

Mg30Zn60Y10合金中二十面体准晶相的生长及形态演化

利用楔形铜模具激冷浇注方法和SEM、XRD、DTA、TEM等分析手段,研究了Mg30Zn60Y10合金中二十面体准晶相(I-相)的形成过程和不同冷速下该合金的凝固组织.研究结果表明,在中等冷速下,I-相主要以初生相与剩余液相发生包晶反应形成.随着冷速的增大,I-相的生长形貌将由棱面状向枝晶状转变.当冷速大到一定程度时发生初生相的相选择.在利用DTA分析I-相的形成温度时发现,包晶反应即I-相开始形成的温度受分析时采用的温度变化速率影响.     

Mn对Mg—Zn—Y合金中准晶相凝固组织形貌的影响

讨论了Mn对镁基准晶中间合金中三维二十面体球形准晶相形成过程的影响。研究表明：当在Mg-Zn-Y基准晶中间合金熔体中加入一定量的Mn元素后，在常规铸造条件下的结晶凝固过程中，完全可以改变Mg-Zn-Y基准晶中间合金中准晶的形成过程，获得稳定的均一二十面体初生Mg45Zn47Y5Mn3准晶相，避免了十面体准晶相的出现，改变了准晶相最终的形貌，由于Mn的加入，使初生准晶相的颗粒尺寸明显变小，使之由尺寸为60gm～80gm的花瓣状变成尺寸为≤20gm的球形状。Mn的加入，降低了镁基准晶中间合金的生产成本，为工业化生产提供了便利条件。     

Mg70Zn28Y2合金凝固过程、凝固组织及包晶反应初生相研究

采用XRD，SEM，EDX，TEM，DTA等试验分析手段及快淬方法对MgToZn28Y2准晶合金凝固过程、凝固组织以及对和准晶形成相关的包晶反应初生相进行了研究。Mg70Zn28Y2合金铸态组织由α-Mg枝晶，Mg7Zn3基体相和二十面体准晶相组成。在铸态Mg-Zn-Y合金中观察到了完美的呈5次旋转对称性的平衡态准晶晶体外形。Mg70Zn28Y2合金凝固过程中准晶由包晶反应生成。差热分析显示包晶反应初生相在563℃形成，准晶形成的温度为416℃。能谱分析结果显示包晶反应初生相的成分为Mg22.94Zn55.73Y21.33。通过快淬方法保留的包晶反应初生相呈现粗大枝晶状。然而，通过背散射图片中所观察到准晶中的残留包晶初生相尺寸较小。     

普通铸造Mg-25Zn-12Ho镁合金的微观组织研究

通过光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热分析仪、扫描电镜和透射电镜研究了Mg-25Zn-12Ho铸态合金的微观组织。结果表明:试验合金铸态微观组织主要由三种不同类型的中间相构成,分别为骨骼块状二十面体准晶I相、片层状W相以及致密片状Mg_7Zn_3相。骨骼状准晶I成分为Mg、Zn和Ho,经液相和W相的包晶反应形成于447℃左右。     

合金成分和冷却速率对Al-Cu合金凝固过程中初生Al_2Cu相生长形貌的影响

对Al-x Cu(x=30,40,45,50,质量分数,%)合金凝固组织进行了系统的观察.结果表明,随合金中Cu含量由30%(质量分数,下同)增加到50%,合金中初生Al_2Cu相形貌由枝晶状逐渐转变为棱面状,表明Al_2Cu相的生长方式由非小平面生长转变为小平面生长.冷却速率对初生Al_2Cu相生长形貌具有重要影响,冷却速率较低时,初生Al_2Cu相为规则的棱面状;随着冷却速率增大,初生Al_2Cu相逐渐转变为不规则的非棱面状,表明Al_2Cu相的生长方式由小平面生长转变为非小平面生长.对凝固过程中初生Al_2Cu相形貌转变研究发现,Cu含量为45%时,初生Al_2Cu相形貌由枝晶状向方形转变;Cu含量增加到50%时,初生Al_2Cu相形貌由枝晶状转变为网状.     

Zr65Cu12.5Ni10Al7.5Ag5玻璃合金初期晶化结构的电子显微分析

采用等温差示扫描量热分析(DSC)和透射电镜(TEM)观察相结合的方法,研究了Zr65CU12.5Ni10AI7.5Ag5非晶合金玻璃转变和晶化过程.利用DSC对合金晶化过程实时监控,在加热到不同温度随炉冷却退火后对样品进行TEM分析,观察其不同阶段的微观结构变化,揭示其晶化特征.结果发现:Zr65Cu12.5Ni10Al7.5Ag5急冷合金晶化过程分为3段.初期晶化相为二十面体准晶I相,在I相与非晶基体之间没有明显的成分差异,准晶相相比于非晶基底略富Zr贫Cu;初期二十面体准晶相形核密度高生长迅速,通过消耗非晶相紧密堆积生长:晶化第1阶段结束后仍有残余非晶相存在.     

不同冷却速率下Zn-2Ni合金包晶凝固研究

采用SEM、EDS及XRD研究了Zn-2Ni合金从750 ℃以不同冷却速率冷却的包晶凝固组织特点.结果表明,冷却速率为0.04 ℃/s时Zn-2Ni合金凝固组织中的包晶γ相仅局部依附于初生γ相上生长;冷却速率为1 ℃/s和36 ℃/s时合金凝固组织中均未能观察到包晶δ相;表明Zn-2Ni合金发生包晶凝固时有别于常规包晶凝固特点,包晶δ相在初生γ相上形核困难且生长速率缓慢.     

Growth morphology and evolution of quasicrystal in as-solidified Y-rich Mg-Zn-Y ternary alloys

A petal-like icosahedral quasicrystal with five branches,which is considered to be the representative morphology of the icosahedral quasicrystal,has been observed in the Y-rich Mg-Zn-Y ternary alloys. Moreover,the polygon-like morphology,another pattern of the icosahedral quasicrystal,has also been found in the Y-rich Mg-Zn-Y ternary alloys. The latter morphology results from the evolution of the former one. The growth mechanism of the petal-like morphology of the icosahedral quasicrystal was also discussed. Alloying composition,i.e.,Y element content,is a major factor inducing the morphology evolution of the icosahedral quasicrystal.     

Al-Mg-Zn二十面体准晶合金中的Frank-Kasper相

Frank-Kasper相Mg32(Al,Zn)49是与其准晶相相对应的1/1近似相,它具有二十面体壳层密堆结构。研究了在常规凝固条件下化学成分为AlxMg40Zn60-x(x=20~45,摩尔分数)合金中Frank-Kasper相的组织形貌。利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪及扫描电镜,确定了Frank-Kasper相的组织及成分。结果表明:AlxMg40Zn60-x(x=20~45)合金中均为单相的Frank-Kasper相;随铝含量的增加,其形貌由花瓣状逐渐向“十字架”状组织转变。     

Effects of the fourth component and undercooling on morphology of primary Mg-Zn-Y icosahedral quasicrystal phase under normal casting conditions

The paper presents some results of the investigation on effects of the fourth component (Ti, C, Sb or Cu) and undercooling on the morphology, size and forming process of primary Mg-Zn-Y icosahedral quasicrystal phase (I-phase) under normal casting conditions, The result shows that the addition of certain amount of fourth component can transform I-phase morphology from petal-like to spherical. However, I-phase will grow up to petal-like if superfluous addition of the fourth component applied. It is also found that the solidified morphology of I-phase depends on the stability of spherical I-phase during the subsequent growth, and critical radius of maintaining the spherical I-phase interface relatively stable. Further, mini-sized spherical I-phase can be produced with high content of the fourth component by undercooling. Such findings are beneficial for industrializing Mg-based quasicrystals.     

Microstructure Formation and Mechanical Property Involving Icosahedral Quasicrystal Phase of Y Rich Mg-Zn-Y Quasicrystal Alloy

The microstructure formation and mechanical property involving icosahedral quasicrystal (I-phase) in the Y-rich Mg-Zn-Y alloy have been studied. The equilibrium formation of I-phase from the Y-rich Mg-Zn-Y melt is through a peritectic reaction between the Y-rich melt and the primary W-phase, which is discussed in detail. The independent nucleation and coupling growth mechanism between the W-phase and the I-phase, from the melt, are revealed, which is significant for understanding the peritectic reaction process involving icosahedral quasicrystal in the Mg-Zn-Y alloy. The mechanism of the quasicrystal phase strengthened magnesium alloys is also discussed here.     

Effect of Ca on crystallization of Mg-based master alloy containing spherical quasicrystal

Spherical icosahedral quasicrystalline phase （I-phase） was obtained by introducing Ca into Mg-Zn-Y alloy under conventional casting conditions. Due to the addition of Ca, Mg45Zn50Yn4.5Ca0.5 primary I-phase, which is thermodynamically stable and homogeneously distributed, was generated instead of decahedral quasicrystalline phase during the solidification process; the morphology of primary I-phase in the solidification microstructure changed from petal-like one （60-80 μm） to spherical one （≤ 15 μm）. When the mass fraction of Ca reaches 0.05%, sphericalI-phase with the largest quantity, highest spheroidization rate and highest circular degree can be obtained. Meanwhile, due to the changed morphology and the decreased size of primaryI-phase, the hardness of Mg-Zn-Y-Ca master alloy is reduced. The application of spherical I-phase as particulate reinforced phase provides great opporttmities for the improvement of strength and toughness of magnesium alloys.     

Solidification of Mg-28%Zn-2%Y alloy involving icosahedral quasicrystal phase

Applying XRD, DTA, SEM and TEM techniques, an investigation on the solidification microstructure and solidification sequence of Mg-rich Mg-28%Zn-2%Y （mole fraction） alloy was carried out. It is found that, a-Mg dendrites, Mg7Zn3 phase and icosahedral quasicrystal phase coexist in the as-solidified alloy, where the icosahedral quasicrystal, whose structure is indentified to be a face-centered type, originates from a peritectic reaction occurring at 416 ℃. The primary phase of this peritectic reaction has the composition of Mg20Zn66Y14, which is coincident with the H phase reported by TSAI as （Zn, Mg）5Y. Furthermore, the single I-phase grain morphology was observed and its growth evolution was also discussed.     

稀土元素Ce、Dy、Nd对Mg-Zn-Y基准晶合金显微组织的影响

本文在铸铁模具冷却条件下制备了Mg-zn-Y-RE(RE=Ce,Dy,Nd)准晶合金,并对不同稀土元素对Mg-Zn-Y基准晶合金显微组织的影响进行了研究.结果表明:花瓣状的准晶和层片状的共晶是合金凝固相的主要组成物;EDS分析表明在三种稀土中,Dy更易形成四元准晶,而Nd不易形成四元准晶.进一步的研究表明:四元稀土准晶的形态受球形临界半径的影响,Ce,Dv,Nd三种稀土元素形成球形四元准晶的添加量分别为1.0、0.2、0.5;此外,本文冷却条件下形成四元Mg-Zn-Y-RE准晶的临界半径约为5.5～6.0μm.     

含二十面体准晶相Mg-Zn-Y合金的组织和性能

采用常规凝固技术制备了MgZn_6xY_x(x=0.7,1.0,1.5,2.0)合金,研究了Y含量对含有二十面体准晶相(I相)MgZn_6xY_x合金组织和性能的影响。结果表明,MgZn6xYx合金由α-Mg基体和分布在晶界周围的(α-Mg+I相)共晶组织组成。随着Y含量增加,基体晶粒尺寸减小,共晶组织尺寸增大,含量增加,由不连续分布转变为连续分布。在凝固过程中,二十面体准晶相通过共晶转变形成。Mg_89.5Zn_9.0Y_1.5合金的抗拉强度和伸长率达到最大值,分别为179.2MPa和3.5%。MgZn_6xY_x合金的断口呈现准解理断裂特征。     

Fabrication of Mg-Zn-Y-based quasi-crystal by pouring melt into different cooling media

Mg-Zn-Y-based quasi-crystal (QC) alloys were fabricated by pouring melts into different cooling media.The effects of different cooling rates on the QC morphology,size,volume fraction and micro-hardness...     

Effect of hot extrusion on microstructure and mechanical properties of quasicrystal-reinforced Mg-Zn-Y alloy

The microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast and as-extruded Mg-Zn-Y alloy （Mg-11 %Zn- 0.9%Y, mass fraction） containing Mg3 YZn6 quasicrystal were studied. The eutectic icosahedral quasicrystal phase （I-phase） is broken and almost distributes along the extrusion direction, and fine I-phase with nano-size is precipitated during the extrusion. The a-Mg matrix grains are refined due to recrystallization occuring during the hot extrusion. Some {1012} twins are observed in the extruded ZW1101 alloy. And {0002}（1010） fiber texture is formed in matrix alloys after hot extrusion. The extruded alloy exhibits high strength in combination with large elongation at room temperature. The strengthening mechanism of the as-extruded alloy was discussed.