我国建筑卫生陶瓷工业能耗现状及节能潜力研究

1 建筑卫生陶瓷行业能耗状况 1．1 能源消耗状况 从20世纪80年代起，中国的建筑卫生陶瓷工业已高速发展了20多年，建筑卫生陶瓷产量的急剧增加，虽然单耗不断下降，但是建筑卫生陶瓷的总的能耗是逐渐增加的。     

我国建筑卫生陶瓷工业技术发展现状及趋势

引言 我国建筑卫生陶瓷工业是伴随着改革开放迅速发展起来的。到1993年，我国已成为世界上最大的建筑卫生陶瓷生产和消费国。随着人民生活水平的提高、城镇化进程的加速和出口量的增加，建筑卫生陶瓷工业的发展速度明显加快，2005年，我国建筑陶瓷砖产量已达35亿平方米，卫生陶瓷产量超过1亿件。我国建筑卫生陶瓷产品已逐步被世界认可接受。     

我国建筑卫生陶瓷工业技术发展现状及趋势

我国建筑卫生陶瓷工业是伴随着改革开放迅速发展起来的。到1993年,我国已成为世界上最大的建筑卫生陶瓷生产国和消费国。随着人民生活水平的提高、城镇化进程的加速以及出口量的增加,建筑卫生陶瓷工业的发展速度明显加快,2005年我国建筑陶瓷砖产量已达35亿h,卫生陶瓷产量超过1亿件。我国建筑卫生陶瓷产品已逐步被世界认可与接受。建筑卫生陶瓷工业的技术主要包括:生产工艺技术、工艺装备技术、产品附加功能技术、新产品开发技术和标准化技术等。笔者对这5项技术的发展现状及趋势分述如下。1生产工艺技术我国建筑陶瓷砖的生产工艺技术进步迅…     

论我国建筑卫生陶瓷出口的问题与前景

近年来,我国建筑卫生陶瓷产品快速稳健地走向国际市场,特别是今年以来出口贸易继续扩大．成为我国建筑卫生陶瓷工业发展的新靓点。目前,抓住机遇、加快出口,已经成为我国建筑卫生陶瓷企业获取更高经济效益的首选途径。     

我国建筑陶瓷标准化工作发展概况和工作规划

我国是驰名世界的陶瓷王国，由于旧中国的落后，建国初期建筑卫生陶瓷工业基础相当薄弱。解放后的十几年内，我国建筑卫生陶瓷工业不断发展，形成了一定的生产规模。特别自1978年改革开放，建筑卫生陶瓷工为随着国民经济的增长得到迅速的发展，通过引进、消化和吸收国外先进的生产技术和装备，使建筑卫生陶瓷工业的生产技术水平迈上了新的台阶，不仅产量大幅度增长，新产品开发能力大大加强，而且产品质量、花色品种、规格档次均发生了质的飞跃，技术装备设计、制造水平和配套能力得以长足发展。     

非金属矿在建筑卫生陶瓷工业中的应用现状及发展前景

1　建筑卫生陶瓷工业现状据全国第三次工业普查资料 ,全国建筑卫生陶瓷及相关企业共 32 14家 ,其中建筑陶瓷生产企业 2 859家 ,卫生陶瓷生产企业 2 36家。这些企业主要分布在广东、福建、河北、河南、山东、浙江、四川等省。1998年全国建筑陶瓷产量 15.9亿ｍ2 ,产量居世界第一位 ;全国卫生陶瓷产量 5145万件 ,产量居世界第一位。以上数据表明 ,我国建筑卫生陶瓷生产企业多而规模偏小 ,产量大而档次低。是世界建筑卫生陶瓷生产大国而不是强国。我国建筑卫生陶瓷工业的工艺技术与装备水平与国外先进国家相比有 10年的差距。产品能耗高 ,燃料结…     

我国建筑卫生陶瓷出口问题

我国建筑卫生陶瓷出口问题吴斌王志伟中国国际贸易促进委员会建材行业分会《中国建材》杂志社１．我国建筑卫生陶瓷工业的现状根据国家统计局公布的１９９５年我国建筑陶瓷产量达１５．８４亿平方米，卫生陶瓷总产量达５５４７．５１万件，比上年分别增长６６．７％和３３...     

中国建筑卫生陶瓷的生产与发展

本文评述了中国建筑卫生陶瓷工业的现状、国内外市场状况、建筑卫生陶瓷产品及主要技术装备的发展方向，并回顾了我国建筑卫生陶瓷工业５０年来的发展历程。     

面向21世纪的建筑卫生陶瓷装饰技术

近十年来 ,我国建筑卫生陶瓷行业有了长足的发展 ,建筑卫生陶瓷产量早已稳居世界第一。据有关统计资料 ,到 1998年全国釉面砖产量为 6.39亿 ,墙地砖产量为 9.55亿 ,两者之和为 15.94亿 ;耐酸砖的产量为 2 .0 5万ｔ;卫生瓷 5146万件 ,产量均位居世界第一。其中 ,墙地砖产量占世界总产量约 1/3,卫生瓷产量占世界总产量约 1/4。但是 ,我国大部分建筑卫生陶瓷产品还属中、低档次 ,高档产品产量仅占总产量的 10 %～ 15% ,与国外同类产品还有很大的差距 ,销往国外市场缺乏竞争能力。据统计 :1997年我国墙地砖出口 2 2 0 0万 ,仅占当年国内总产…     

试论建筑卫生陶瓷新产品开发趋向

近几年来，随着改革开放和“大家办建材”方针的深入贯彻，我国建筑卫生陶瓷工业日新月异，产量翻番，品种发展，产品质量和工艺技术水平也有了长足进步。国民经济的迅速发展，带来了建筑业的兴旺，建筑卫生陶瓷在美化建筑，美化城市，美化环境中显示了它的巨大生命力。并为出口创汇，支援“四化”建设做出了贡献。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.