Quantitative credibility evaluation of Global Energy Interconnection data

The development of Global Energy Interconnection (GEI) is essential for supporting a wide range of basic data resources. The Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization has established a comprehensive data center covering six major systems. However, methods for accurately describing and scientifically evaluating the credibility of the massive amount of GEI data remain underdeveloped. To address this lack of such methods, a GEI data credibility quantitative evaluation model is proposed here. An evaluation indicator system is established to evaluate data credibility from multiple perspectives and ensure the comprehensiveness and impartiality of evaluation results. The Cloud Model abandons the hard division of comments to ensure objectivity and accuracy in evaluation results. To evaluate the suitability of the proposed method, a case analysis is conducted, wherein the proposed method demonstrates sufficient validity and feasibility.     

Recyclable insulation material for HVDC cables in Global Energy Interconnection

With the development of modern power systems, especially that of the global energy internet, high-voltage, direct current (HVDC) cable power transmission will play an important role in the future. The key problem of HVDC cable power transmission is the need for novel cable insulation materials that have high performance, recyclability, and higher working temperature to replace traditional crosslinked polyethylene. This paper investigates the thermal and electrical properties of polypropylene (PP)/Al₂O₃ nanocomposites as a potential recyclable HVDC cable insulation material. The developed nanocomposites exhibit excellent thermal and electrical properties with the introduction of Al₂O₃ nanoparticles. Particularly, the space charge accumulation is greatly suppressed.     

Research on key technologies of deduction of multinational power trading in the context of Global Energy Interconnection

When transnationalized electricity trade is conducted in the context of Global Energy Interconnection (GEI), the transaction settlement usually has a long cycle and high cost and is influenced by the volatility of the exchange rate. It is thus necessary to overcome the problems associated with the transaction settlement, change in the trading model data, and trading strategy in the transnational transaction deduction. To overcome the problem of trade settlement, this paper proposes the use of a digital currency (energy currency) for the cross-border electricity trading settlement based on the special drawing rights of the International Monetary Fund, which is controlled by the Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization (GEIDCO), to enable the proposed currency to become a stable digital currency. The traders can use the energy coins as a unit of currency for quotes, combined with the data pertaining to the changes in the energy information obtained from the GEI framework and data regarding the optimally extrapolated reference trading indicators. To realize the implementation of the multi-trader concurrent transaction deduction using a microservice architecture, this paper proposes a method of computing the microservice and synchronous interaction among the traders, based on the database table data, because the large amount of computation is required to be accomplished asynchronously with a single process. The key technology behind these cross-national electricity trading simulations can not only enable the GEI transnational traders to performed daily real-time trading, but it also demonstrates the advantages of the rapid settlement of the energy currency and the realization of a stable payment in the global energy interconnection cross-border electricity trading.     

Mechanism of CO2 Emission Reduction by Global Energy Interconnection

The challenge of global warming has become a driving force for a global energy transition. The Global Energy Interconnection (GEI) is a modern energy system aimed at meeting the global power demand in a clean and green manner. With the development of clean replacement, electricity replacement, and grid interconnection strategies, GEI contributes to the global temperature control by dramatically reducing the level of energy-related CO₂ emissions. This study proposes an integrated framework for analyzing the mechanism of CO₂ emission reduction via GEI implementation. The obtained results demonstrate that the total cumulative contribution of GEI to mitigating the effects of CO₂ emissions (estimated by conducting a scenario analysis) corresponds to a total reduction of 3100 Gt CO₂. The contributions of the clean replacement, electricity replacement, and carbon capture and storage GEI components to this process are equal to 55, 42, 5%, respectively. Using GEI, the utilization of clean energy in 2050 will increase by a factor of 4.5 at an annual growth rate of 4.4%, and the electrification rate will be 2.4 times greater than the current one.     

From interconnections of local electric power systems to Global Energy Interconnection

The interconnections of electric power systems are developed for the economic benefits and in order to increase the overall power supply reliability and quality level. Development of power industry shows the positive effects in operation of the country-wide electric power systems and international interconnections. Creation of World Energy System or, by the other words, Global Energy Interconnection is objective trend on the way of expansion of international and intercontinental electric power interconnections. Several important aspects of above mentioned problems are discussed in this paper.     

Application research on large-scale battery energy storage system under Global Energy Interconnection framework

In the context of constructing Global Energy Interconnection (GEI), energy storage technology, as one of the important basic supporting technologies in power system, will play an important role in the energy configuration and optimization. Based on the most promising battery energy storage technology, this paper introduces the current status of the grid technology, the application of large-scale energy storage technology and the supporting role of battery energy storage for GEI. Based on several key technologies of large-scale battery energy storage system, preliminary analysis of the standard system construction of energy storage system is made, and the future prospect is put forward.     

Long-term cross-border electricity trading model under the background of Global Energy Interconnection

Environmental problems caused by traditional power production and the unbalanced distribution of energy resources and demand limit the development of sustainable societies. A feasible method to optimize the resource allocation has been proposed, and it involves cross-border and cross-regional electricity transactions. However, the uncertainty of renewable energy and the specific features of the cross-border electricity market are key issues which need to be considered in the trading mechanism design. Based on this, this paper sets up a long-term cross-border electricity trading model considering the uncertainty of renewable energy. First, annual transactions are matched according to the declared data of bidders with consideration of cross-border interconnection development benefits, potential benefit risks, and transmission costs. Second, for annual contract decomposition, the model uses the minimum generation cost function with a penalty item for power shortages to allocate electricity to each month. Additionally, the scenario reduction algorithm is combined with the unit commitment to construct a stochastic generation plan. Finally, a case study of the numerical results for the multinational electricity market in northeast Asia is used to show that the proposed trading model is feasible for cross-border electricity trading with high penetration of renewable energy.     

Prospect and key techniques of Global Energy Interconnection Zhangjiakou Innovation Demonstration Zone

In the Background of implementing innovation-driven development strategy and building Global Energy Interconnection, the necessity of building Global Energy Interconnection Zhangjiakou Innovation Demonstration Zone for stimulating economic growth, promoting social development and supporting 2022 Winter Olympics are discussed by analyzing the location advantages of Zhangjiakou and the characteristics of renewable energy in Zhangjiakou. Solutions are put forward in aspects of renewable energy integration in National Wind/Solar/Storage/Transmission Pilot Project, VSC-HVDC transmission of renewable energy and demonstration utilization of renewable energy in the Olympics zone, which could be a reference for problems of large-scale renewable energy in secure integration, outgoing transmission and flexible consumption. And replicable experience for building Global Energy Interconnection will be provided by conducting ± 500kV VSC-HVDC Power Grid Demonstration Project, Virtual Synchronous Generator Demonstration Project, Flexible Substation and AC/DC Power Distribution Network Demonstration Project, EV Battery Secondary Utilization Energy Storage Demonstration Project, Smart Grid Demonstration Project of Low Carbon Winter Olympics and other demonstration projects.     

Technical and economic demands of HVDC submarine cable technology for Global Energy Interconnection

Power transmission across the sea is an important part of global energy interconnection (GEI). To support the construction of GEI and to serve the needs of future clean energy trans-sea transportation and offshore wind power development, this study a) analyzes the requirements of the GEI backbone network pertaining to direct current (DC) submarine cable technology, and b) defines the key technical and economic indices of ultrahigh-voltage direct current (UHVDC) submarine cable based on theoretical computations. The research is based on the thermoelectric coupling model and the finite element method. It is shown that the dielectric strength of the insulating materials of the ± 800 kV ~±1100 kV/ 4000 MW ~ 12000 MW UHVDC submarine cable (extrusion insulation) should be not less than 43 ~ 65 kV/mm, while the heat resistance is not less than 110 °C. As the cost of submarine cable is 5 ~ 10 times higher than that of the overhead line, the project investment need to be decreased to a level within the economical carrying capacity to guarantee extensive applicability of the HVDC submarine cable technology.     

面向能源互联网智能感知的边缘计算技术研究

随着能源互联网建设的持续推进,大量的传感器接入到系统中,获取的感知数据是海量级的,导致系统传输压力大、主站计算负荷重。传统的传感信息获取处理方式存在数据良莠不齐、数据缺失、格式不统一的问题,引入边缘计算技术定义了智能感知的系统框架,就地实现数据的处理与判决,通过云边协同机制优化系统设计。文章首先给出了多参量智能感知数据优化传输方法,其次提出了面向多参量感知的边缘计算算法的设计方法,涉及数据统一、数据辨识、分布式群智几方面,最后落地在输电线路巡检,在微风振动、舞动分析、增容设计、视频分析、云边升级等方面做了尝试。     

Design and verification of a satellite-terrestrial integrated IP network model for the Global Energy Interconnection

In order to meet the pressing demand for wide-area communication required by the Global Energy Interconnection (GEI), accelerating the construction of satellite-terrestrial integrated networks that can achieve network extension and seamless global coverage has become the focus of power communication technology development. In this study, we propose a satellite-terrestrial integrated network model that can support interconnection and interoperation on the IP layer between the satellite system and the terrestrial segment of the existing power communication system. First, the composition and function of the satellite-terrestrial collaborative network are explained. Then, the IP-based protocol stack is described, and a typical application experiment is conducted to illustrate the particular process of this protocol stack. Finally, a use case of IP interconnection that depends on GEO satellite communication is detailed. The experimental study has showed that the satellite-terrestrial collaborative network can efficiently support various IP applications for the GEI.     

并网·微网·智能网·全球联网

介绍了太阳能光伏发电系统的形式无蓄电池无逆流系统、有蓄电池无逆流系统、无蓄电池有逆流系统以及微网系统、智能电网系统和全球PV供电系统,并说明了它们各自的特点。     

Alleviating freshwater shortages with combined desert-based large-scale renewable energy and coastal desalination plants supported by Global Energy Interconnection

Under the background of sustainable energy transition and environmental protection, Global Energy Interconnection (GEI), which features an innovative combination of clean energy (e.g., solar power) and ultra-high voltage (UHV) transmission technologies, provides a means to realize global climate governance. China is a large country with unevenly distributed water resources, energy production, and energy consumption, and the large areas of desert in northern and western China have the potential for installing large-scale solar power plants. This study analyzed the potential of using large-scale solar power from deserts to coastal seawater desalination plants, which could alleviate the freshwater crisis and control desertification in China. First, the measurement data from NASA were used to estimate the potential exploitable amount of solar energy in desert areas. A macro idea was proposed for the transmission of electrical power from inland integrated energy bases to coastal seawater desalination and pumping of freshwater to western China to combat desertification and alleviate the freshwater crisis. Based on this, the electricity demands for desalination and water redistribution were estimated. As a huge interruptible load, desalination and pumping systems could be used to suppress power fluctuations of the integrated energy bases. Finally, the fundamental support roles of UHV grids in large-scale renewable energy allocation and utilization were discussed. This analysis offers a theoretical framework to help realize efficient renewable energy generation and consumption and alleviate freshwater shortage.     

Research on the optimization strategy of customers' electricity consumption based on big data

Current power systems face significant challenges in supporting large-scale access to new energy sources, and the potential of existing flexible resources needs to be fully explored from the power supply, grid, and customer perspectives.This paper proposes a multi-objective electricity consumption optimization strategy considering the correlation between equipment and electricity consumption. It constructs a multi-objective electricity consumption optimization model that considers the correlatio...     

基于零信任框架的能源互联网安全防护架构设计

能源互联网应用大数据、云计算、物联网和人工智能等现代化信息技术,实现电力系统各个环节的万物互联、人机交互。能源互联网建设导致各类终端大规模接入企业网络,企业内外部的业务交互和数据交换更加广泛。为适应这种场景需要,文章通过分析零信任框架,结合能源互联网安全防护的内在性要求,设计了基于零信任的能源互联网安全防护架构,重点从终端接入控制、动态授权管理、统一身份管理、安全作为服务4个方面进行研究,为能源互联网安全防护体系设计提供了新思路、新方法。