具分段常数变量及干扰的反馈控制模型的N-S分支

本文讨论了具有分段常数变量及干扰的单种群反馈控制模型的稳定性及N-S分支等问题.通过计算得到微分模型对应的差分模型,基于特征值理论和Schur-Cohn判据得到正平衡态局部渐进稳定的充分条件,以种群的内禀增长率为分支参数,运用分支理论和中心流形定理分析了Neimark-Sacker分支的存在条件;通过数值模拟验证理论的正确性.结果表明,当单种群反馈控制模型增加分段常数变量及干扰后,模型将会变得非常复杂;平衡态稳定性的开关现象会随着种群数量对于内禀增长率的影响而发生变化,随之将会产生Neimark–Sacker分支现象.     

一类具有范数有界不确定性的非线性时滞系统的控制

本文研究了一类具有范数有界不确定性的非线性时滞系统的鲁棒稳定性及其控制问题,结合Lyapunov稳定性定理、线性矩阵不等式及自由权矩阵,给出了系统的状态反馈鲁棒二次稳定的充分条件以及控制器的设计,并建立了一个具有线性矩阵不等式约束的凸优化问题,得到不确定时滞系统的最优状态反馈控制律.仿真示例说明了该方法的可行性.     

具有多时滞和广义扩散的N-种群竞争反馈控制系统的持久性

本文讨论了一类具有αi类功能性反应函数和广义扩散的n种群竞争反馈控制生态系统的持续生存性.利用比较原理,得到了系统的所有正解最终有界的条件.通过构造持久生存函数,给出了系统一致持久生存的充分条件,并导出了系统的持久生存域.最后,通过建立具体模型说明所得结果的可实现性.研究结果表明,时滞不影响系统的持续生存性,通过适当控制扩散率,可使系统中的各个种群长期共存.     

具有时滞和阶段结构的L-V竞争系统的稳定性分析

具有阶段结构的L-V时滞竞争系统是一类重要的反映种群竞争关系的生态系统,它考虑了时滞效应以及不同阶段幼体和成体竞争能力差异.本文讨论了一类具有两个时滞和阶段结构的L-V竞争系统平衡点的局部稳定性以及正平衡点的全局稳定性.根据Hurwitz判据,我们得到了该系统平衡点局部稳定的条件;依据单调系统的相关理论以及迭代法,我们...     

一个具有时滞和阶段结构的比率依赖型捕食系统的稳定性

本文研究一个具有时滞和捕食者、食饵均具有阶段结构的比率依赖型捕食系统的稳定性.通过分析特征方程,运用Hurwitz判定定理,讨论了该系统的非负边界平衡点和正平衡点的局部稳定性,并得到了Hopf分支存在的充分条件;通过构造辅助系统,运用单调迭代方法和比较定理,讨论了该系统的非负边界平衡点和正平衡点的全局稳定性,从而得到了该生态系统灭绝与永久持续生存的充分条件.     

浅谈小型直流开关电源的反馈控制电路设计

本文首先对反馈控制电路的相关概念及原理作以介绍，然后针对本文设计的直流开关电源中的反馈控制电路具体设计过程进行了详细分析。为实现小功率、高效率的设计思想，采用光耦817和三端分流稳压管TIA31结合的PWM型电流调节方式进行设计。理论分析和实验结果表明：该设计方案设计出的系统具有较好的稳定性和可靠性，从而进一步验证了设计方案的合理性和有效性。     

弹性试件的实时子结构试验等效力控制方法

等效力控制方法用反馈控制代替迭代过程求解实时子结构试验隐式逐步积分方法的非线性方程。通过对具有弹性试件体系的数值模拟和试验进一步验证实时子结构试验等效力控制方法的有效性。首先介绍实时子结构试验等效力控制方法的原理;然后以一单自由度体系为例介绍比例-微分等效力控制器的设计方法,并用劳斯判据分析反馈控制系统的稳定性;接着对一具有弹性试件的单自由度体系进行单步输入反应、自由振动反应和受迫振动反应的数值模拟;最后通过对具有弹簧试件的单自由度体系的单步输入、自由振动和受迫振动反应的实际试验验证此方法的有效性。分析结果表明,只要反馈控制系统中各参数均选正值此系统就是稳定的。数值模拟和试验的结果都表明,等效力控制方法可以取得非常好的稳定性和精度。     

大型客机自动着陆中的组合非线性反馈控制

Lyapunov稳定性理论广泛应用于现代控制系统的分析与设计中.本文针对具有非线性特性和输入饱和约束的大型客机着陆模型,引入了组合非线性反馈控制算法.首先介绍了基于该算法的控制律设计原理与工程实用性;然后基于Lyapunov稳定性理论给出了该算法在吸引域内的稳定性条件;接着详细设计了Boeing747飞机自动着陆纵向控制律,设计中秉承"线性系统设计,非线性系统验证"的工程实践常用思路;最后,通过Matlab数值仿真以及Flight Gear视景仿真,验证了控制系统具有很好的鲁棒稳定性和精确跟踪能力.     

流动系统的混沌行为及仿真与控制

为深入探讨流动的稳定性,本文研究了平面不可压缩的五模流动系统的动力学行为及仿真与控制问题.运用分岔图、Lyapunov指数谱和庞加莱截面图分析了系统通过分岔过渡到混沌所展现的复杂动力学行为.数值模拟揭示出该系统可通过Ruelle-TakensNewhouse途径走向混沌,讨论了系统从规则运动转化到混沌运动所具有的普适特征.设计控制器,并利用延迟反馈控制方案,将系统控制到一周期和二周期.     

土地利用变化对生态系统碳汇功能影响的综合评价

在分析了六盘山林区典型生态系统碳循环规律的基础上，结合碳汇傈的概念，综合评价了土地利用变化对生态系统碳汇功能的影响。分析得出陆地生态系统碳汇／源功能体现在碳库的贮量、稳定性和碳库的输入与输出强度方面；天然次生林和人工林生态系统的碳贮量汇功能较强，农田和草地较弱；土壤有机碳过程源／汇方面，天然次生林生态系统是强汇，人工林生态系统是弱汇，草地和农田生态系统是源。提出增加生态系统碳汇功能的措施包括增加生态系统碳输入、减少输出和增强碳库的稳定性。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from