Simultaneous osseous genioplasty and meloplasty

We measured whether males of five species of poeciliid fish made detours to the right or left of a vertical-bar obstacle in order to approach a group of females. Three of these species, Gambusia holbrookiGambusia nicaraguensis and Poecilia reticulata showed a significant bias to the left, whereas Brachyrhaphis roseni and Girardinus falcatus showed a significant bias to the right. When tested for direction of turning in front of an opaque barrier, or when a dummy predator was used as a target in a detour test, G. holbrooki and G. falcatus showed similar biases to the right (opaque barrier) and left (predator), thus suggesting that the difference observed when females were used as a target could arise from species differences in the degree of sexual motivation in a novel environment. The two species that showed bias to the right with the females were less likely to exhibit sexual behaviour when placed in a novel environment. Moreover, manipulation of the factors affecting the relative strength of sexual motivation and of fear of a novel environment, such as how long fish were maintained in captivity or in the test apparatus before being tested, caused shifts in the direction of the lateral asymmetries. These results suggest that the presence of functional asymmetries in behaviour could be widespread among vertebrates and that the direction of such asymmetries tends to be strikingly similar in closely related species, thus supporting the hypothesis of an early evolution of laterality in brain and behaviour.Copyright 1997 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour1997The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour     

Functional palatoraphy and modified genioplasty in obstructive sleep apnea

10 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) have been treated with the new surgical procedure functional palatoraphy and modified genioplasty. 5 months after surgery 7 patients with an apnea hypopnea index under 10 were cured. Three therapy refractory patients were all overweight with a body mass index of more than 29 kg/m2. Excessively overweight patients should therefore not be operated. Following the selection criteria we introduced an effective new treatment method for OSAS.     

四物汤治验二则

四物汤是补血养血的经典方剂,中医界人对此可以用耳熟能详,如雷贯耳来形容.最早借于晚唐蔺道人著<仙授理续段秘方>,东汉名医张仲景又进行了改进,变成<金贵要略>中胶艾四物汤,后来被尊为补血调经主方,专门用来治疗妇科血症,被后世医家成为妇科第一方笔者临症中采用本方治疗营血亏虚,血行不畅所致的血尿,血精,便秘,常获良效.滋举验案供同道交流.     

The influence of the osteotomy slope on bony changes after advancement genioplasty

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to develop a prediction method for advancement genioplasty that would result in accurate preoperative cephalometric planning of the osteotomy slope and that could be transferred to the patient during the surgical procedure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Serial cephalometric tracings of 20 patients who underwent advancement genioplasty were retrospectively analyzed. The osteotomy slope angle was defined as the angle between the osteotomy and a line perpendicular to the occlusal plane. The measured angle was compared with the calculated angle deduced from the horizontal and vertical genial postoperative changes. RESULTS: The measured osteotomy slope angle closely resembled the calculated angle. CONCLUSIONS: The close similarity between the calculated and measured osteotomy slope angles in this study shows that simple mathematical calculations can be applied clinically to aid surgeons in achieving a more predictable result. The osteotomy slope can be determined early in the prediction stage as a calculated figure based on the desired horizontal and vertical movements of the chin and can be transferred to the patient's chin during the surgical stage.     

Mandibular contouring surgery by angular contouring combined with genioplasty in orientals

BACKGROUND: Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (FBP) sometimes provides substantial cerebral protection during hypoxia or ischemia. 31P/1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of cerebrocortical slices was used to study the effects of FBP on hypoxia-induced metabolic changes. In addition, 13C-labeled glucose was administered and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to search for FBP-induced modulations in glycolysis and the pentose-phosphate pathway. METHODS: In each experiment, 80 slices (350 microm) obtained from ten 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rat litter mates were placed together in a 20-mm nuclear magnetic resonance tube, perfused, and subjected to 30 min of hypoxia (PO2 < 3 mmHg). Nine experiments were performed, with n = 3 in each of three groups: (1) no treatment with FBP; (2) 60 min of prehypoxia treatment with FBP (2 mM); and (3) 60 min of posthypoxia treatment with FBP (2 mM). 31P/1H Interleaved nuclear magnetic resonance spectra at 4.7 T provided average adenosine triphosphate, intracellular pH, and lactate. Cresyl violet stains of random slices taken at predetermined time points were studied histologically. Some experiments had [2-13C]glucose in the perfusate. Slices from these studies were frozen for perchloric acid extraction of intracellular metabolites and studied with high-resolution 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 11.75 T. RESULTS: With no pretreatment with FBP, hypoxia caused an approximately 50% loss of adenosine triphosphate, an approximately 700% increase in lactate, and a decrease in intracellular pH to approximately 6.4. Pretreatment with FBP resulted in no detectable loss of adenosine triphosphate, no increase in lactate, and minimal morphologic changes but did not alter decreases in intracellular pH. 13C Nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of extracted metabolites showed that pretreatment caused accumulation of [1-13C]fructose-6-phosphate, an early pentose-phosphate pathway metabolite. Posthypoxic treatment with FBP had no effects compared with no treatment. CONCLUSIONS: During severe hypoxia, pretreatment with FBP completely preserves adenosine triphosphate and almost completely preserves cell morphology but does not alter hypoxia-induced decreases in intracellular pH. Pretreatment also substantially augments the flux of glucose into the pentose-phosphate pathway.     

Two patients with overlapping de novo duplications of the long arm of chromosome 9, including one case with Di George sequence

Testicular peritubular cells produce a paracrine factor termed PModS that mediates mesenchymal-epithelial interactions and modulates Sertoli cell functions essential for the process of spermatogenesis. Sertoli cells produce lactate as a preferred energy metabolite for developing spermatogenic cells. The current study was designed to examine the actions of PModS and hormones on Sertoli cell lactate production at various stages of pubertal development. Sertoli cells were isolated from pre-pubertal (10 day), mid-pubertal (20 day) and late pubertal (35 day) rat testes. Lactate accumulation in the conditioned-medium of cultured Sertoli cells was measured. Basal lactate production increased approximately fivefold during pubertal Sertoli cell development. Therefore, lactate production increases as the Sertoli cell differentiates during pubertal development. The ability of regulatory agents such as FSH or a combination of FSH, insulin, retinol and testosterone (FIRT) to stimulate lactate production decreased during pubertal development as Sertoli cell differentiation increased. Purified PModS stimulated lactate production in Sertoli cell preparations throughout pubertal development. PModS had a greater effect than FSH in stimulating late pubertal Sertoli cell lactate production. PModS in combination with FIRT resulted in an additive stimulation of lactate production suggesting a distinct mechanism of action for PModS. Observations support the proposal that the locally produced paracrine factor PModS mediates mesenchymal-epithelial cell interactions during pubertal development and that these interactions promote Sertoli cell differentiated functions (i.e. lactate production) required for the developing spermatogenic cells.     

Use of corrosion-resistant maraging steels in long-lived thread pieces

The effect of isothermal holdings at 350, 500, 580, 660, and 780°C during heating to various sustenitizing temperatures on the grain size, aging processes, structural and mechanical properties, and the stress-strain curves of 03Kh11N10M2T-VD and 03Kh11N8M2F-VD maraging steels with 0.002% B is studied. X-ray diffraction analysis and metallographic examination are performed, and the corrosion and fatigue characteristics of these steels are determined. At the aged state with the maximum strength, the steels exhibit no strain-hardening ability upon tension and retain a high local plastic deformation during necking (ψ ≤ 60%). Preliminary thermal-cycling treatment at 500–800°C causes grain refinement and increases the plastic properties of the steels (the uniform elongation increases to 20%). Isothermal holding during heating to the austenitizing temperature affects an elastoplastic transition at a low tensile strain.     

Test design: putting all the pieces together

Preparing a nursing examination involves more than writing test items. The design of a test can contribute to measurement error and affect the validity and reliability of students' test scores. Nursing faculty should strive to minimize measurement error by following certain design rules when preparing a test. The author offers guidelines to help teachers design tests that will enable students to demonstrate their best performance.     

Mammalian sex determination: joining pieces of the genetic puzzle

Mammalian sex determination is controlled by the Y-linked gene SRY. Studies of sex-reversed patients and experimental data obtained with mice have identified other genes, such as DAX1, SOX9, SF1, and WT1, which take part in the process, and have suggested how these genes interact to determine the sex of a mammalian embryo. A recent paper in Nature by Swain et al. provides experimental data that basically confirm the previously proposed hypothesis that SRY acts by inhibiting the action of DSS/DAX1, which is a repressor of genes of the male pathway.     

Recognition of overlapping patterns and focal hemisphere damage

During a 20-yr period, 483 children 16 yr of age or under were hospitalized for management of a wringer arm injury. Although the majority were indigent, black males, such trauma was frequently sustained by all classes and races as well as by both sexes. Principles of treatment consisted of cleansing the abrasion wound, application of a pressure dressing from axilla to finger tips, elevation, and close observation. With the exception of a destroyed brachial vein in one patien, significant vascular injuries did not occur despite a "medical fixation" on evidences of impaired circulation. Likewise, no fractures were noted even though all patients had x-rays of the full extremity. However, there were six metacarpophalangeal dislocations, five instances of neuropathy, and one traumatic amputation. Major skin sloughs occurred in 18 children, yet only 11 of them required a skin graft.     

Epstein-Barr virus recombinants from overlapping cosmid fragments

Five overlapping type 1 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA fragments constituting a complete replication- and transformation-competent genome were cloned into cosmids and transfected together into P3HR-1 cells, along with a plasmid encoding the Z immediate-early activator of EBV replication. P3HR-1 cells harbor a type 2 EBV which is unable to transform primary B lymphocytes because of a deletion of DNA encoding EBNA LP and EBNA 2, but the P3HR-1 EBV can provide replication functions in trans and can recombine with the transfected cosmids. EBV recombinants which have the type 1 EBNA LP and 2 genes from the transfected EcoRI-A cosmid DNA were selectively and clonally recovered by exploiting the unique ability of the recombinants to transform primary B lymphocytes into lymphoblastoid cell lines. PCR and immunoblot analyses for seven distinguishing markers of the type 1 transfected DNAs identified cell lines infected with EBV recombinants which had incorporated EBV DNA fragments beyond the transformation marker-rescuing EcoRI-A fragment. Approximately 10% of the transforming virus recombinants had markers mapping at 7, 46 to 52, 93 to 100, 108 to 110, 122, and 152 kbp from the 172-kbp transfected genome. These recombinants probably result from recombination among the transfected cosmid-cloned EBV DNA fragments. The one recombinant virus examined in detail by Southern blot analysis has all the polymorphisms characteristic of the transfected type 1 cosmid DNA and none characteristic of the type 2 P3HR-1 EBV DNA. This recombinant was wild type in primary B-lymphocyte infection, growth transformation, and lytic replication. Overall, the type 1 EBNA 3A gene was incorporated into 26% of the transformation marker-rescued recombinants, a frequency which was considerably higher than that observed in previous experiments with two-cosmid EBV DNA cotransfections into P3HR-1 cells (B. Tomkinson and E. Kieff, J. Virol. 66:780-789, 1992). Of the recombinants which had incorporated the marker-rescuing cosmid DNA fragment and the fragment encoding the type 1 EBNA 3A gene, most had incorporated markers from at least two other transfected cosmid DNA fragments, indicating a propensity for multiple homologous recombinations. The frequency of incorporation of the nonselected transfected type 1 EBNA 3C gene, which is near the end of two of the transfected cosmids, was 26% overall, versus 3% in previous experiments using transfections with two EBV DNA cosmids. In contrast, the frequency of incorporation of a 12-kb EBV DNA deletion which was near the end of two of the transfected cosmids was only 13%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Estimating interaction effects among overlapping pairs.

"This paper offers a method, given a collection of scores obtained by observing pairs of persons, of constructing scores in which the contributions of individuals are held constant so that the variability among the resulting 'interaction scores' may be attributed to the conditions specifying the obtained pair-scores and not to characteristics associated with the persons individually." (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Multiple bottlenecks in overlapping task performance.

Proposed a dual-bottleneck model for overlapping task performance. A central bottleneck prevents central processes in overlapping tasks from operating in parallel. A response-initiation bottleneck prevents 2 responses from being initiated in close succession. Response requirements of the overlapping tasks were manipulated in order to demonstrate the existence of the latter bottleneck and to assess its role in delimiting overlapping-task performance. In several experiments, elimination of this bottleneck resulted in a strong reduction of underadditive interactions that serve as key indicators of parallel processing in overlapping-task performance. Results indicate that these interactions were caused primarily by the response initiation bottleneck instead of the central bottleneck and suggest that perceptual identification and categorization require the central bottleneck. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)